265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment
Distinctive unit insignia
Active	1923–1944[1] 1946–present
Country	United States
Branch	Florida Army National Guard
Type	Air Defense Artillery (current) Coast Artillery (1923–1944)
Garrison/HQ	Central Florida
Mottos	Home and Country
Battle honours	WWII Asiatic-Pacific Theater

The265th Air Defense Artillery Regiment is anair defense artillery regiment in theFlorida Army National Guard. The unit was formed 19 October 1923 in the Florida National Guard as the 1st Separate Battalion,Coast Artillery Corps. It was reorganized and redesignated as the265th Coast Artillery Regiment (CA) (Harbor Defense) (HD) in 1929. The 265th was activated forWorld War II and served in theharbor defenses ofGalveston, Texas,Los Angeles, California,Key West, Florida,Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and Alaska until broken up into battalions in July 1944.^[1] The unit lineage was carried by two antiaircraft battalions organized in 1946, one of which was federalized in Florida during theKorean War. They were onsolidated with other units in 1959 as the 265th Artillery, and reorganized in 1987 as the 265th Air Defense Artillery.^[3]

The 265th Coast Artillery Battalion was constituted in the National Guard in 1924 as a three-battery battalion, allotted to the state of Florida, and assigned to the Harbor Defenses ofPensacola. The 1st Separate Battalion, Coast Artillery, was organized and federally recognized 14 November 1923 in the Florida National Guard with headquarters atJacksonville, and was redesignated on 4 April 1924 as the 1st Separate Battalion, Coast Artillery Corps. The Battalion was redesignated on 22 July 1925 as the 265th Coast Artillery Battalion. The battalion was expanded to four batteries in February 1928, and on 20 November 1929, was expanded and reorganized as a five-battery, two-battalion regiment, as the 265th Coast Artillery Regiment.^[3] In October 1939, a sixth firing battery and a searchlight battery were organized. The regiment's designated mobilization training station wasFort Barrancas, Florida. The regiment conducted annual summer training most years at Key West Barracks, Florida, but also sometimes at Fort Barrancas, orFort Monroe,Virginia.

InSeptember 1926,September 1928, andSeptember 1935, various elements of the regiment were called up to perform hurricane relief duty in South Florida. From July 1929 to June 1930, the regiment assisted with theMediterranean fruit fly quarantine. From February to May 1935, the 2nd Battalion of the regiment was used for riot control in connection with a Veterans Works Project site. In March 1936, Battery C was used for guard and security duties when PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt visitedWinter Park andPort Everglades, Florida.

The regiment was inducted into federal service on 6 January 1941 at home stations. It moved toFort Crockett, Texas, in theHarbor Defenses (HD) of Galveston, 15 January 1941. It operated these defenses alongside theRegular Army's20th Coast Artillery Regiment.^[5] In December 1941, the 2nd Battalion was transferred to the HD of Los Angeles, California, where it was stationed until April 1942 when the regiment was ordered toKey West, Florida to manFort Taylor in the HD of Key West, arriving 18 through 23 April 1942. The regiment operated the HD of Key West and various outposts in theFlorida Keys and southern Florida until 21 December 1942, when movement toFort Jackson,South Carolina, began, lasting until 23 January 1943. On 16 February 1943, the 265th CA departed Fort Jackson forFort Hancock, New Jersey in theHD of Sandy Hook. There, the regiment helped to operate the HD of Sandy Hook and the HD of Southern New York until 19 June 1943, when it prepared for overseas deployment.^[1]

On 11 January 1944, the 265th CA departed New York forFort Lawton,Washington, and deployment toAlaska, departing via the Seattle Port of Embarkation and arriving atFort Greely in the HD ofKodiak, Alaska 24 January 1944. The 1st Battalion was transferred toAmchitka, while the 2nd Battalion went toAdak, both in theAleutian Islands.^[1]

On 31 July 1944, the 265th Coast Artillery was inactivated and its elements redesignated. The Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) was disbanded. The 1st Battalion was redesignated the 277th Coast Artillery Battalion (155-mm Gun) (Separate) at Amchitka; the 2nd Battalion became the 278th Coast Artillery Battalion (155-mm Gun) (Separate) at Adak; and the 3rd Battalion, the 279th Coast Artillery Battalion (155-mm Gun) (Separate), atShemya. The three battalions remained in the Aleutians through the end of the war, and were moved back to the United States via Seattle and inactivated in November 1945.^[1][6]

The regiment was reconstituted 25 August 1945 in theFlorida National Guard.

The headquarters and 1st Battalion, 265th Coast Artillery, were reorganized and federally recognized on 5 December 1946 as the 692nd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion, an element of the 48th Infantry Division (later designated as the48th Armored Division), with headquarters at Jacksonville; redesignated on 1 February 1949 as the 148th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.^[3]

The 2nd Battalion reorganized and federally recognized 17 December 1946 as the 712th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion with headquarters at Miami. It was ordered into active federal service 1 May 1951 during the Korean War at home stations; released 30 April 1953 from active federal service and reverted to state control. Location of headquarters changed 22 June 1953 to Sarasota. Redesignated 1 October 1953 as the 712th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (Headquarters Battery reorganized and federally recognized 15 September 1946 at Jacksonville as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB), 227th Antiaircraft Artillery Group; hereafter, separate lineage). The 148th and 712th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions were consolidated on 15 April 1959 with the consolidated unit reorganized and redesignated as the 265th Artillery, a parent regiment under the U.S. ArmyCombat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Automatic Weapons Battalion and the 2nd Howitzer Battalion. Reorganized 15 February 1963 to consist of the 1st and 2nd Automatic Weapons Battalions and the 16th and 17th Detachments. Reorganized 20 January 1968 to consist of the 1st Battalion.^[3]

The 1st Battalion (Automatic Weapons) (Self-Propelled) was reorganized 1 October 1987 into the 1st and 3rd Battalions (Chaparral) with the HHB and Battery C forming HHB and Battery A of the 3rd Battalion. The regiment was withdrawn from the Combat Arms Regimental System on 1 October 1987 and reorganized under theUnited States Army Regimental System with headquarters atPalatka, Florida.^[3]

World War II

• Asiatic–Pacific theater without inscription^[3]

Home and Country^[3]

The colors scarlet and yellow are used for artillery. The unit’s service in Alaska during World War II is denoted by the bezent, a symbol for gold, and the four-pointed polar star. The diagonal stripe with the nebuly edges, heraldic symbol for clouds, bearing a lightning flash, signifies the Air Defense Artillery's mission. The barry wavy rounded alludes to water and refers to the regiment’s former Coast Artillery service. Additionally, it indicates the organization’s location in Florida and refers to the legendary "Fountain of Youth" sought byJuan Ponce de León, the discoverer of Florida. Thealligator crest also represents the state of Florida.^[3]

Thedistinctive unit insignia is the shield and motto of the coat of arms.^[3]

• Escambia Rifles, a battery of the 265th Coast Artillery from 1936 - 1944.
• Seacoast defense in the United States
• United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
• Harbor Defense Command

• Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015).American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press.ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.

• Coast Defense Study Group website
• Greg Hagg; Bolling Smith; Mark Berhow."Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps"(PDF). The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. Retrieved18 May 2018.

• United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
• Military units and formations in Florida
• Military units and formations in Texas
• Military units and formations in Alaska
• Military units and formations established in 1923
• Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
• Military units and formations established in 1946

• Source attribution
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Use dmy dates from June 2017