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| 25th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
24th ← → 26th | |
 United States Capitol (1827) | |
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1839 | |
| Members | 52 senators 242 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Democratic |
| Senate President | Richard M. Johnson (D) |
| House majority | Democratic |
| House Speaker | James K. Polk (D) |
| Sessions | |
| Special[a]: March 4, 1837 – March 10, 1837 1st: September 4, 1837 – October 16, 1837 2nd: December 4, 1837 – July 9, 1838 3rd: December 3, 1838 – March 3, 1839 | |
The25th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives. It met inWashington, D.C. from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1839, during the first two years ofMartin Van Buren'spresidency.
The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1830 United States census. Both houses of congress had aDemocratic majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
|
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) | Whig (W) | Other | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 31[b] | 19[c] | 2[d] | 52 | 0 |
| Begin | 35 | 17 | 0 | 52 | 0 |
| End | 16 | 51 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 68.6% | 31.4% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 28 | 19 | 0 | 47 | 5 |
|
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti- Masonic (AM) | Democratic (D) | Nullifier (N) | Whig (W) | Other | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 14 | 139[e] | 7 | 81[f] | 0 | 241 | 1 |
| Begin | 7 | 128 | 4 | 101 | 0 | 240 | 2 |
| End | 123 | 106 | |||||
| Final voting share | 2.9% | 51.3% | 1.7% | 44.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Non-voting members | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Beginning ofnext congress | 6 | 124 | 0 | 109 | 2 | 241 | 1 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, ending in 1839; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, ending in 1841; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, ending in 1843.
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[g] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia (2) | Richard E. Parker (D) | Resigned March 4, 1837, after accepting a seat on theVirginia Supreme Court of Appeals | William H. Roane (D) | Elected March 14, 1837 |
| Alabama (3) | John McKinley (D) | Resigned April 22, 1837, after being appointedAssociate Justice of theUnited States Supreme Court | Clement C. Clay (D) | Elected June 19, 1837 |
| Georgia (2) | John P. King (D) | Resigned November 1, 1837 | Wilson Lumpkin (D) | Elected November 22, 1837 |
| Maryland (1) | Joseph Kent (W) | Died November 24, 1837 | William D. Merrick (W) | Elected January 4, 1838 |
| Mississippi (1) | John Black (W) | Resigned January 22, 1838 | James F. Trotter (D) | Appointed January 22, 1838 |
| Tennessee (1) | Felix Grundy (D) | Resigned July 4, 1838, after being appointedUnited States Attorney General | Ephraim H. Foster (W) | Elected September 17, 1838 |
| Mississippi (1) | James F. Trotter (D) | Resigned July 10, 1838 | Thomas H. Williams (D) | Appointed November 12, 1838, and subsequently elected |
| Tennessee (1) | Ephraim H. Foster (W) | Resigned March 3, 1839 before start of new Congress under orders of state legislature. | Vacant |
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[g] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mississippi at-large | Vacant | Rep-elect Claiborne presented credentials July 18, 1837 | John F. H. Claiborne (D) | Seated July 18, 1837 |
| Mississippi at-large | Vacant | Rep-elect Gholson presented credentials July 18, 1837 | Samuel J. Gholson (D) | Seated July 18, 1837 |
| Pennsylvania 3rd | Francis J. Harper (D) | Died March 18, 1837 | Charles Naylor (W) | Seated June 29, 1837 |
| Tennessee 4th | James I. Standifer (W) | Died August 20, 1837 | William Stone (W) | Seated September 14, 1837 |
| Ohio 17th | Elisha Whittlesey (W) | Resigned October 20, 1837 | Charles D. Coffin (W) | Seated December 20, 1837 |
| Mississippi at-large | John F. H. Claiborne (D) | Seat declared vacant February 5, 1838 | Seargent S. Prentiss (W) | Seated May 30, 1838 |
| Mississippi at-large | Samuel J. Gholson (D) | Seat declared vacant February 5, 1838 | Thomas J. Word (W) | Seated May 30, 1838 |
| Pennsylvania 9th | Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) | Resigned February 9, 1838, after being appointedMinister to Austrian Empire | George M. Keim (D) | Seated March 17, 1838 |
| Maine 3rd | Jonathan Cilley (D) | Killed in a duel February 24, 1838, by Rep.William J. Graves | Edward Robinson (W) | Seated April 28, 1838 |
| Maine 5th | Timothy J. Carter (D) | Died March 14, 1838 | Virgil D. Parris (D) | Seated May 29, 1838 |
| Maryland 4th | Isaac McKim (D) | Died April 1, 1838 | John P. Kennedy (W) | Seated April 25, 1838 |
| Virginia 13th | John M. Patton (D) | Resigned April 7, 1838 | Linn Banks (D) | Seated April 28, 1838 |
| Alabama 3rd | Joab Lawler (W) | Died May 8, 1838 | George W. Crabb (W) | Seated October 5, 1835 |
| Ohio 19th | Daniel Kilgore (D) | Resigned July 4, 1838 | Henry Swearingen (D) | Seated December 3, 1838 |
| Ohio 16th | Elisha Whittlesey (W) | Resigned July 9, 1838 | Joshua R. Giddings (W) | Seated December 3, 1838 |
| New York 22nd | Andrew D. Bruyn (D) | Died July 27, 1838 | Cyrus Beers (D) | Seated December 3, 1838 |
| New York 29th | William Patterson (W) | Died August 14, 1838 | Harvey Putnam (W) | Seated November 7, 1838 |
| Iowa Territory at-large | New seat | Iowa Territory seated its first delegate September 10, 1838 | George Wallace Jones (D) | Seated September 10, 1838 |
| Massachusetts 2nd | Stephen C. Phillips (W) | Seat declared vacant September 28, 1838 | Leverett Saltonstall (W) | Seated December 15, 1838 |
| Maine 1st | John Fairfield (D) | Resigned December 24, 1838, after being electedGovernor of Maine | Vacant | Not filled this congress |
| Wisconsin Territory at-large | George Wallace Jones (D) | Lost contested election January 14, 1839 | James D. Doty (D) | Seated January 14, 1839 |
| Louisiana 2nd | Eleazar W. Ripley (D) | Died March 2, 1839 | Vacant | Not filled this congress |
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
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