221st Security Division
221. Sicherungs-Division
Active	March 15, 1941 – July 28, 1944
Country	Nazi Germany
Branch	Army
Type	Security division
Role	Bandenbekämpfung (counter-insurgency)
Size	Division
Engagements	Eastern Front
Commanders
Notable commanders	Johann Pflugbeil

The221st Security Division (German:221. Sicherungs-Division) was a rear-areasecurity division in theWehrmacht duringWorld War II. Commanded by GeneralJohann Pflugbeil, the unit was deployed in German-occupied areas of theSoviet Union, in theArmy Group Centre Rear Area, for security andBandenbekämpfung ("anti-bandit") duties. It was responsible for large-scalewar crimes and atrocities including the deaths of thousands of Soviet civilians.^{[citation needed]}

The division was formed inWehrkreis VIII from a third of the 221st Infantry Division on March 15, 1941.^[1][2] Along withWehrmacht army troops, it includedPolice Battalion 309 of theOrpo (uniformed police), its only motorised formation.^[3] The unit spent three months at the front and six months on rear-area security duties in theGomel area. Its duties included ensuring the security ofcommunications andsupply lines, economic exploitation andcombatting partisans in theWehrmacht's rear areas.^[4]

In September 1941, the division's officers attended theMogilev Conference, organised by GeneralMax von Schenckendorff, commander ofArmy Group Centre Rear Area.^[5] The conference, while ostensibly on "anti-partisan training", resulted in a dramatic increase in atrocities againstJews and other civilians in the last three months of 1941.^[6] The division reported shooting 1,847 "partisans" in two months alone. Hostage-taking also increased dramatically.Wehrmacht units were receiving directives that 50 to 100 "communists" were to be killed as atonement for the death of each German soldier.^[7]

In March 1942, the division embarked on large-scaleNazi security warfare operations in theYelnya-Dorogobuzh area east ofSmolensk.^[8] The so-called anti-partisan operations in "bandit-infested" areas amounted to destruction of villages, seizure of livestock, deportation of the able-bodied population for slave labour to Germany and killing of those of non-working age.^[9] The tactics included shelling villages not under German control with heavy weapons, resulting in mass civilian casualties. GeneralJohann Pflugbeil directed his troops that the "goal of the operation is not to drive the enemy back, but to exterminate him".^[10] During the operation, the unit recorded 278 German troops killed, while 806 enemies were reported killed in action and 120 prisoners were handed over toWehrmacht'sGeheime Feldpolizei for execution. Only 200 weapons (rifles, machine-guns and pistols) were seized.^[10]

The division saw brief front-line duty in October 1943 fighting the SovietRed Army troops at Gomel. In November, it was again transferred to rear-security duties in Belarus. The unit was largely destroyed during the Soviet Red Army summer offensive,Operation Bagration, in June 1944. The division was disbanded officially on July 28, 1944, after it was already destroyed.^[11]

The surviving personnel were absorbed into other security units.^[12] The remains of the 350th Infantry Regiment were consolidated into the 3rd Battalion of the75th Security Regiment, whereas the remainders of the34th and45th Security Regiments were joined into the 1st Battalion of the 45th Security Regiment.^[11] The 1st Battalion of the 221st Artillery Regiment was made into the 391st Artillery Battalion of the391st Security Division.^[11] The 391st Artillery Battalion was later made into the 1st Battalion of the 1320th Fortress Artillery Regiment, that fought as part of theFortress Division Warsaw.^[13]

Upon its creation on March 15, 1941, the division had the following units:^[1]

• 350th Reinforced Infantry Regiment (I. – III.)
• I./221st Artillery Regiment (3 batteries)
• 701st Guard (Wach) Battalion
• 221st Supply Units (Versorgungs-Einheiten)
• Staff of the 45th Land Defence (Landesschützen) Regiment. This staff was combined with the 302nd, 352nd and 230th Battalions into the45th Security Regiment on October 15, 1942.^[11] So, in late 1942, the division's infantry was formed into the 350th Grenadier Regiment and the 45th Security Regiment.^[11]

On December 1, 1941, the division received the 824th Divisional Signal Battalion, which was created from the 38th Field SignalKommandantur.^[1] The division also later received the 1st Battalion of the8th Police Regiment, which was formed from the 91st Police Battalion.^[1]

In August 1942, the division had, besides the aforemention units, also the:^[11]

• 27th Security Regiment (325th, 706th, and 862nd Battalions)
• 44th Security Regiment (573rd and 701st Battalions)

During the winter of 1942 and 1943, the 221st Cavalry Hundred (Reiter-Hundertschaft) formed part of the division.^[1] The unit was also known as the 1st/221st and 2nd/221st Eastern Cavalry Hundreds (1. und 2. Ost-Reiter-Hundertschaft 221).^[1] The 1st/221st Squadron was sent to the West in January 1943 as the Cavalry Squadron of the 4th Volunteer Depot Regiment of theFreiwilligen-Stamm-Division.^[1]

In the spring of 1943, the division was near Gomel. It was reinforced with:^[11]

• 930th Grenadier Regiment,
• 36th Security Regiment,
• 183rd Security Regiment,
• 604th Eastern Battalion and other units

At this time, the division was mostly operating inGeneralbezirk Weißruthenien and consisted, besides the previous units, of:^[11]

• 75th Security Regiment (939th, 598th and5th Lithuanian Battalions),
• 34th Security Regiment (546th, 468th Battalions, with the 659th Fortress Battalion as the third one),
• 446th Security Battalion,
• 791st Security Battalion

Tanks

Despite sharing the divisions number, the 221st Tank and 221stPanzerjäger Companies did not belong to it but instead toArmy Group South.^[11]

• War crimes of the Wehrmacht

• Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.ISBN 978-0674725508.
• Hartmann, Christian (2013).Operation Barbarossa: Nazi Germany's War in the East, 1941–1945. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-966078-0.
• Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007).German Order of Battle: 1st-290th Infantry Divisions in World War II. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books.ISBN 978-0-8117-3416-5.
• Shepherd, Ben H. (2003). "The Continuum of Brutality: Wehrmacht Security Divisions in Central Russia, 1942".German History.21 (1):49–81.doi:10.1191/0266355403gh274oa.
• Shepherd, Ben H. (2004).War in the Wild East the German Army and Soviet Partisans. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.ISBN 0674043553.
• Tessin, Georg (1979).Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS (in German). Vol. 8: Die Landstreitkräfte 201–280. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.ISBN 3-7648-1174-9.
• Nafziger, George (2012)."200th through 370th German Infantry, Security, and Panzer Grenadier Divisions Organizations and Histories 1939-1945"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 10 February 2017.
• Westermann, Edward B. (2005).Hitler's Police Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East. Kansas City:University Press of Kansas.ISBN 978-0-7006-1724-1.

• Marston, Daniel; Malkasian, Carter, eds. (2011).Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.ISBN 978-1849086431.
• Megargee, Geoffrey P., ed. (2009).Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. II. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 731.ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
• Shepherd, Ben H. (2016).Hitler's Soldiers: The German Army in the Third Reich. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0300179033.

• Military units and formations established in 1941
• 1941 establishments in Germany
• Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
• Security divisions of Germany during World War II
• War crimes of the Wehrmacht

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