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| 21st United States Congress | |
|---|---|
20th ← → 22nd | |
 United States Capitol (1827) | |
March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1831 | |
| Members | 48 senators 213 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Jacksonian |
| Senate President | John C. Calhoun (J) |
| House majority | Jacksonian |
| House Speaker | Andrew Stevenson (J) |
| Sessions | |
| Special[a]: March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829 1st[1]: December 7, 1829 – May 31, 1830 2nd: December 6, 1830 – March 3, 1831 | |
The21st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives. It met inWashington, D.C., from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years ofAndrew Jackson'spresidency. The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1820 United States census. Both chambers had aJacksonian majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Republican (NR) | Jacksonian (J) | Other | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 21 | 27 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| Begin | 22 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| End | 25 | 47 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 46.8% | 53.2% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 21 | 24 | 2[b] | 47 | 1 |
| Party (shading shows control) | Total | Vacant | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Republican (NR) | Anti- Masonic (AM) | Jacksonian (J) | Other (0) | |||
| End ofprevious congress | 101 | 0 | 111 | 0 | 212 | 1 |
| Begin | 72 | 4 | 133 | 0 | 209 | 4 |
| End | 5 | 135 | 212 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 34.0% | 2.4% | 63.7% | 0.0% | ||
| Beginning ofnext congress | 64 | 16 | 128 | 4[c] | 212 | 1 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed byclass, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1830.
|
|  2 Jacksonians 1 Jacksonian and 1 Anti-Jacksonian 2 Anti-Jacksonians
|
Representatives are listed by their districts.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[d] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia (3) | John M. Berrien (J) | Resigned March 9, 1829, to becomeU.S. Attorney General. Successorelected November 9, 1829. | John Forsyth (J) | Installed November 9, 1829 |
| North Carolina (2) | John Branch (J) | Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointedU.S. Secretary of the Navy. Successorelected December 9, 1829. | Bedford Brown (J) | Installed December 9, 1829 |
| Tennessee (1) | John Eaton (J) | Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointedU.S. Secretary of War. Successorelected October 19, 1829. | Felix Grundy (J) | Installed October 19, 1829 |
| Delaware (1) | Louis McLane (J) | Resigned April 29, 1829, to becomeU.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom. Successorelected January 7, 1830. | Arnold Naudain (NR) | Installed January 7, 1830 |
| Mississippi (2) | Thomas B. Reed (J) | Died November 26, 1829. Successorelected January 6, 1830. | Robert H. Adams (J) | Installed January 6, 1830 |
| Mississippi (2) | Robert H. Adams (J) | Died July 2, 1830. Successor appointed October 15, 1830, to continue the term, and subsequently elected. | George Poindexter (J) | Installed October 15, 1830 |
| Illinois (2) | John McLean (J) | Died October 14, 1830. Successor appointed November 12, 1830, to continue the term. | David J. Baker (J) | Installed November 12, 1830 |
| Illinois (2) | David J. Baker (J) | Appointee retired with elected successor qualified. Successorelected December 11, 1830. | John M. Robinson (J) | Installed December 11, 1830 |
| Indiana (1) | James Noble (NR) | Died February 26, 1831. Seat filled next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress |
Total seats with changes: 15
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[d] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maryland 6th | Vacant | Maryland elected its members October 5, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened. Rep-elect sworn in December after convening. | George Edward Mitchell (J) | Seated December 7, 1829 |
| Georgia at-large | Vacant | George Gilmer (Jacksonian) was redistricted from the 1st district and re-elected but failed to accept the position within the legal time frame. Governor ordered a new election. | Henry G. Lamar (J) | Seated December 7, 1829 |
| Maine 4th | Vacant | Peleg Sprague resigned in previous Congress | George Evans (NR) | Seated July 20, 1829 |
| Pennsylvania 16th | Vacant | William Wilkins resigned before qualifying | Harmar Denny (AM) | Seated December 15, 1829 |
| Pennsylvania 8th | George Wolf (J) | Resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress | Samuel A. Smith (J) | Seated October 13, 1829 |
| Virginia 10th | William C. Rives (J) | Resigned some time in 1829 | William F. Gordon (J) | Seated January 25, 1830 |
| Pennsylvania 8th | Samuel D. Ingham (J) | Resigned in March 1829 after being appointedSecretary of the Treasury | Peter Ihrie Jr. (J) | Seated October 13, 1829 |
| North Carolina 5th | Gabriel Holmes (J) | Died September 26, 1829 | Edward B. Dudley (J) | Seated November 10, 1829 |
| New York 20th | George Fisher (NR) | Lost contested election February 5, 1830, toSilas Wright who in turn failed to qualify | Jonah Sanford (J) | Seated November 3, 1830 |
| Virginia 1st | Thomas Newton Jr. (NR) | Lost contested election March 9, 1830 | George Loyall (J) | Seated March 9, 1830 |
| Maine 5th | James W. Ripley (J) | Resigned March 12, 1830 | Cornelius Holland (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| Ohio 11th | John M. Goodenow (J) | Resigned April 9, 1830, after being appointed judge of theSupreme Court of Ohio | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| Virginia 22nd | Alexander Smyth (J) | Died April 17, 1830 | Joseph Draper (J) | Seated December 6, 1830 |
| New York 6th | Hector Craig (J) | Resigned July 12, 1830 | Samuel W. Eager (NR) | Seated November 2, 1830 |
| Virginia 11th | Philip P. Barbour (J) | Resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge ofUS Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia | John M. Patton (J) | Seated November 25, 1830 |
| New York 21st | Robert Monell (J) | Resigned February 21, 1831 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Michigan Territory At-large | John Biddle | Resigned February 21, 1831 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
FromAmerican Memory at theLibrary of Congress:
Other U.S. government websites:
