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21st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

21st Mechanized Corps
AT-34 burns in Russia in 1941
ActiveMarch–August 1941
CountrySoviet Union
BranchArmoured Forces
TypeMechanized Corps
EngagementsBaltic Operation (1941)
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Major General Lelyushenko
Military unit

The21stMechanized Corps was a formation in the SovietRed Army during theSecond World War.Initially formed in March 1941, in response to the German victories in the West it was attached to the newly forming27th Army, and held in reserve nearOpochka inSoviet Union 130 kilometres (81 mi) South ofPskov[1] in theSpecial Baltic Military District. It was under the command ofMajor General Lelyushenko when the GermanOperation Barbarossa began in June 1941. It initially consisted of the 42nd and 46th Tank Divisions, and the185th Motorized Division.[2]a After the Invasion began theSpecial Baltic Military District was renamedNorthwestern Front, Commanded by Colonel GeneralKutznetsov. The front fielded8th and11th Armies with the27th Armies in its second echelon. The 21st Mechanized was heavily engaged in the first battles ofOperation Barbarossa, particularly during theBaltic Operation (1941). After the spectacular advances by4th Panzer GroupKutznetsov askedStavka for the release of Berzarin's27th Army and the 21st Mechanized Corps on 25 June and was ordered to haltErich von Manstein'sLVI Panzer Corps which was closing up to theDaugava River later that day both units engaged nearDvinsk.

AKV-1 put out of action in Russia in 1941

NextArmy Group North sent a special force which captured the bridges atDaugavpils and consolidated with8th Panzer Division. As the fighting intensified elements of 21st Mechanized Corps broke into the Northern suburbs of the town, with fierce house-to-house fighting. After failing to clearDaugavpils further fighting and attacks by theLuftwaffe succeeded in wearing down its forces during next two days to the extent that by 29 June it had only seven operational tanks, 74 artillery pieces and slightly more than 4,000 men left and was exhausted as a fighting force. On 30 June theSoviet Air Force put in an all out effort which resulted in the loss of 43 aircraft (27DB-3s andSBs for only fourBf 109s) but did not succeed in destroying the principal river crossings over theDaugava River but did succeed in destroying some pontoon bridges.[3][4]b After continuing a fighting retreat through the Baltic states in July, but in remnants the 21st Mechanized Corps was disbanded in August 1941.[5]c

Footnotes

[edit]
  • a On 22 June 1941 21st Mechanized Corps consisted of 98 tanks including SovietKv-1s,T-26,Bt 7,T-34s models, plus 130 artillery guns.
  • b On 11 July 1941 Col P Poluboiarov, Northwestern Front armoured directorate reported that the 21st Mechanized Corps had been committed initially in large formations without cooperation from Artillery and Air Support. It had only '25Kv-1s, 10T-26s, 4Bt 7s and 2T-34s remaining and 'is no longer a mechanized formation. Its motorized infantry are most often simple infantry reinforced by a few tanks.
  • c On 23 July 1941Major General Lelyushenko reported that the 21st Mechanized Corps had suffered 6,284 casualties, or 60% of its combat strength during the first month of combat.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Glantz, The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front, 22 June – August 1941, 1997, p. 35
  2. ^Brian Taylor, Barbarossa to Berlin A Chronology of the Campaigns on the Eastern Front 1941–1945 Volume 1, 2003, p. 43
  3. ^Christer Bergstrom, 'Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July – December 1941, 2007, p. 26
  4. ^Brian Taylor, Barbarossa to Berlin A Chronology of the Campaigns on the Eastern Front 1941–1945 Volume 1, 2003, pp. 46–53
  5. ^Glantz, Stumbling Colossus, 1998, pp. 126–128

Further reading

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Soviet Union corps
Airborne
Guards
Artillery
Cavalry
Guards
Mechanised
Guards
Rifle
Guards
Light
Special
Rocket
Guards
Tank
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Army corps
(1957–1991)
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