This election also sawJD Vance, a senator fromOhio, defeatMinnesota governorTim Walz for the vice presidency. In addition, Republicans secured control of the Senate, flipping four seats and earning a three-seat majority, while also retaining a House majority, though the party's majority narrowed to three seats after losing two seats.[11]
The president and vice president of the United States are elected through theElectoral College, determined by the number of senators and representatives with an additional three representatives forWashington, D.C. A majority of 270 votes is needed to win the election. Forty-eight states use awinner-take-all system, in which states award all of their electors to the winner of the popular vote. InMaine andNebraska, two votes are allocated to the winner of the popular vote, while each of the individual congressional districts have one vote. Electoral votes are certified by state electors in December and byCongress on January 6.[12] Presidential candidates are selected in apresidential primary, conducted throughprimary elections run by state governments orcaucuses run by state parties which bind convention delegates to candidates.[13] Abrokered convention occurs when a candidate does not receive a majority of votes on the first round of voting,[14] or when a candidate withdraws.[15]
Election Day in the United States is held on the first Tuesday that falls after the first Monday in November.[16] The 2028 presidential election will occur on November 7, 2028.
Eligibility
TheUnited States Constitution limits occupancy of the presidency to individuals who are at least thirty-five, who have been aresident in the United States for at least fourteen years, and who are anatural-born citizen.[17] Section three of theFourteenth Amendment prevents current and former federal, state, and military officials from holding office—including the presidency—if they have "engaged in insurrection or rebellion" against the United States.[18] A convicted felon may serve as president.[19]
Since beginning his second term in January 2025, Trump has floated the possibility of seeking a third term upon the 2028 United States presidential election on November 7, 2028. On October 27, 2025, Trump (when asked about a third term by a reporter onAir Force One) said that he would "love to do it". Trump did rule out a run for vice president, stating that it "wouldn't be right". A hypothetical third term would give Trump an additional four more years of presidency after 2028, which would last through the 2032 United States presidential election which will be held on November 2, 2032.[21][22] However, the possibility of a third term is unconstitutional under the Twenty-second Amendment, barring all former and current presidents from seeking more than two terms in office. If Trump intends to have the amendment repealed, he would have to either require approval from two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, or he would need a constitutional convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures, a process viewed by experts as extremely unlikely.[23][24]In January 2025,Tennessee representativeAndy Ogles proposed a resolution to amend the Twenty-second Amendment, allowing for presidents who have served two non-consecutive terms to seek a third term. The amendment would not permit living presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, or Barack Obama to run for a third term, due to the allowed third term being contingent on the first two being served non-consecutively. Trump is the only living president to have served two non-consecutive terms.[25] AtCPAC 2025, conservative groups, such as the Third Term Project, supported Ogles' resolution and promoted the idea of Trump running for what is currently an unconstitutional third term.[26][27] In response,New York Democratic representativeDan Goldman planned to introduce a resolution affirming the Twenty-second Amendment.[28]
Trump meeting Democratic congressional leaders in September 2025, with Trump 2028 hats displayed
In March, Trump floated the possibility of serving a third term in an interview withNBC News, saying "A lot of people want me to do it. But, I mean, I basically tell them we have a long way to go, you know, it's very early in the administration. I'm focused on the current." He added that "there are methods" to run for a third term and that he was "not joking".[29] On April 24, 2025, multiple news outlets reported that the Trump store was selling "Trump 2028" hats.[30][31]In a May interview with NBC News, Trump said he would make it his goal to only serve two terms and named JD Vance andMarco Rubio as potential successors.[32]Trump said in an August interview onCNBC'sSquawk Box that he would "probably not" run for a third term, though he would like to.[33] Later that month, Trump quipped that he could cancel the 2028 elections if the United States was at war.[34] During a meeting before the2025 government shutdown withHakeem Jeffries andChuck Schumer, Trump had red hats with Trump 2028 emblazoned on the front. Jeffries later spoke after Trump posted an AI-generated video to Truth Social of him throwing the hats at Jeffries, indicating the hats had appeared on the desk during the meeting and when he asked JD Vance if Vance had a problem with it, Vance responded "No comment".[35]Steve Bannon stated in an October 2025 interview that there were "alternatives" to ensuring Trump would be on the ballot in 2028.[36] While speaking to reporters in late October 2025, Trump refused to rule out a third term presidential bid for himself, but ruled out the possibility of running as a vice presidential candidate.[37] In late December 2025, political donorMiriam Adelson pledged $250 million to Trump to help him run for a third term.[38] That same month, Trump privately discussed running for a third term with his former lawyerAlan Dershowitz.[39] In January 2026, Trump posted to Truth Social, asking whether he should "try for a fourth term".[40]
This map shows how partisan states are by theCook Partisan Voting Index. Swing states are the states in lighter colors.
Most U.S. states are usually not highly competitive in presidential elections, often voting consistently for the same party due to longstanding demographic and ideological differences. In theElectoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns onswing states, which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states likely include theRust Belt states ofPennsylvania,Wisconsin, andMichigan, and theSun Belt states ofArizona,Georgia,Nevada, andNorth Carolina, all of which narrowly voted for Trump in 2024.[41][42][43] Other possible swing states include traditional Democratic strongholds that shifted toward Trump and were only narrowly won by Harris in 2024:New Jersey[44][45] andMinnesota;[46] though 2025 polls show a reversal of pro-Trump trends.[47]
States formerly considered swing states, such asFlorida,Iowa, andOhio, voted for Trump in all three of his previous election bids, as well as for Republican candidates in other state and federal elections, with increasing margins in each election and are now seen as solidly red states.[48][49][50] Former red or swing states that, since 2008, have consistently voted Democratic includeColorado,New Hampshire,New Mexico, andVirginia.[51] Due to its recent record of voting Democratic even during Republican national victories,Nebraska's 2nd congressional district has been called "the Blue Dot".[52][53]
Republican Party primaries
Candidates
Expressed interest
Individuals who have expressed an interest in running for the Republican presidential nomination[c]
Rand Paul has served as a U.S. senator from Kentucky since 2011. His father,Ron Paul, is a former U.S. representative fromTexas who sought the presidency on three separate occasions; once in1988 with theLibertarian Party and twice with the Republican Party in2008 and2012. Rand Paul ran for president in2016. ALibertarian Republican, Paul has generally been a supporter of Donald Trump since the latter first became president, but he has been a frequent critic of Trump on different occasions concerningmass deportations,[54]foreign policy,[55]tariffs,[56] and Trump's attitude towards the constitution.[57]
Paul has been described as a potential candidate in late May by CNN, which called him a senator with "2028 ambitions", outlining his critiques of Trump'sOne Big Beautiful Bill Act delivered in Iowa.[58] During an event inShepherdsville, Kentucky, in July 2025, Paul declined to rule out a run for president, expressing a desire for someone in the Republican Party who supports international trade.[59] In September 2025, Paul expressed an interest in running for president in 2028 in multiple interviews.[60][61]
Marco Rubio
Marco Rubio is theUnited States Secretary of State and served as a U.S. senator fromFlorida from 2011 to 2025. Rubio sought theRepublican nomination forpresident of the United States in2016, losing toDonald Trump. Six former secretaries of state have been elected president of the United States and Rubio has been mentioned as a potential candidate by CNN.[62] President Trump later mentioned Rubio as a potential successor in May 2025.[63][64] According toThe Wall Street Journal, Rubio has considered running withJD Vance as his vice president,[65] although it was later speculated in November that Vance and Rubio would likely run against each other.[66] Other sources report Rubio acknowledging Vance as the clear front-runner for the nomination, and that he "will do anything he can just to support the vice president in that effort."[67] In December 2025, it was reported that Vance was far ahead of Rubio in the presidential predictions market.[68] According toVanity Fair, Rubio has said that he will not enter the race ifJD Vance enters.[69]
Eric Trump
Eric Trump is a businessman, activist, and former reality television presenter. He is the second son of President Trump. In June 2025, in an interview with theFinancial Times, he left open the possibility of himself or a family member running in 2028, saying "the political path" for a family dynasty "would be an easy one" and that he could do the job "very effectively".[70][71][72] In September 2025 in an interview withNikkei Asia, Eric Trump again expressed his openness to run for president.[73][74]
JD Vance
JD Vance has served as thevice president of the United States since 2025. He previously served as a U.S. senator fromOhio from 2023 to 2025. Trump mentioned Vance as a potential successor in May 2025.[63][64] In an interview withNBC News, Vance said he does not think he is "entitled" to a presidential run in 2028 and said there was no bad blood between him and fellow potential candidate Rubio.[75] According to some commentators, Vance would be the likely successor for Trump's presidency.[66][76] In an interview in November 2025, he acknowledged that he thought about running for president in 2028 and planned to speak with President Trump about it after the midterms, but said he wants to focus on winning the midterms first.[77] In early 2026, it was reported that Vance was a frontrunner in the presidential predictions market.[68][78]
Ted Cruz has served as a United States senator fromTexas since 2013 after being appointed as the 3rdSolicitor General of Texas by thenTexas Attorney General and fellow potential candidateGreg Abbott, he served this role from 2003 to 2008. Initially reluctant to support Trump, Cruz has become a key Republican figure and a close ally of Trump.[79] Cruz was born in Canada after his father, preacherRafael Cruz, immigrated there from Cuba, though he is still able fulfill the natural-born citizen requirement due to his mother's American citizenship which he inherited.[80] He now serves as the chair of theSenate Commerce Committee after serving as the ranking member from 2023 to 2025.The runner-up to Donald Trump in the2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Cruz has said that he expects to seek the presidency again at some point. He was mentioned as a potential candidate byCNN,[62]Axios,[81][82] andThe Hill.[83] In December 2025,The Washington Post reported that Cruz was considering a presidential campaign.[84]
Ron DeSantis
Ron DeSantis has served as the governor ofFlorida since 2019 and previously ran for the Republican presidential nomination in2024. He is barred by the state's constitution from seeking a third term as governor. He has been considered a possible candidate by CNN,[62] and theWashington Examiner.[85] In December 2025, it was reported that DeSantis was behind Rubio and Vance in the presidential predictions market.[68]
NBC News has reported that multiple DNC members are looking into changing the order of state primaries for the Democratic nomination. Chair of theNebraska Democratic PartyJane Kleeb stated in November 2024 that "The 2024 calendar will absolutely not be the calendar for 2028."[108] The DNC choseSouth Carolina to be the first primary in 2024.[109] In December 2024,Ray Buckley, chairman of theNew Hampshire Democratic Party, announced his intention to work towards restoringNew Hampshire's status as the first-in-the-nation Democratic presidential primary for the 2028 presidential nominating calendar.[110] Democrats inNevada have started a bid to hold the first-in-the-nation primary in 2028.[111]
In 2023, the Democratic National Committee voted to stripIowa of itsfirst-in-the-nation presidential caucuses.[112] In November 2024, after the presidential election, Scott Brennan, the only Iowan on the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee at the time, said he still plans to fight for the return of the first-in-the-nation presidential caucus spot back to Iowa.[113] In June 2025, Iowa's only seat on the DNC's Rules and Bylaws Committee, which determines the order of states in the presidential nominating process, was removed, and New Hampshire was awarded a second seat on the committee.[114]
Ken Martin, the chair of the Democratic National Committee, said in an August 2025NewsNation interview that the Rules and Bylaws Committee would discuss the 2028 primary calendar in a Minneapolis meeting later in the month.[115]
Martin and other party officials, including RepresentativeJamie Raskin ofMaryland, have discussed the possibility of usingranked-choice voting in the 2028 Democratic presidential primaries. Supporters argue that the system could reduce "wasted votes" and that it would encourage more positive campaigning.[116] Sources such asAlaska Beacon indicated that it is possible to win an election without majority support.[117] AfterZohran Mamdani won the2025 New York City Democratic mayoral primary, progressive voters have proposed that ranked-choice voting could be implemented.[118]
Candidates
Expressed interest
Individuals who have expressed an interest in running for the Democratic presidential nomination[f]
Andy Beshear has served as the governor ofKentucky since 2019. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election.[119] In a May 2025 interview withWDRB, Beshear said he "would consider" running for president in 2028.[120] He also mentioned running for president in a July interview withVanity Fair,[121] in an October interview withNPR,[122] and during a visit to early primary stateNew Hampshire later that month.[123][124] In a January 2026 profile inPolitico, Beshear posited that his status as "a guy who has won three straight statewide elections in a Trump plus-30 state," made him the most electable candidate for Democrats.[125]
Cory Booker
Cory Booker has served as a U.S. senator fromNew Jersey since 2013 and ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in2020. He previously served as mayor ofNewark, New Jersey from 2006 to 2013. On April 1, 2025,Booker broke the record for the longest Senate floor speech in protest against Donald Trump andElon Musk, which GOP pollsterFrank Luntz remarked positioned him as a party leader in the coming future.[126] He has been considered a presidential candidate byThe Birmingham News.[127] In November 2025, during a visit to New Hampshire, Booker toldFox News, "Of course I'm thinking about it, I haven't ruled it out." with respect to a 2028 campaign, while saying he was focused on his re-election campaign in2026.[128][129]
Pete Buttigieg
Pete Buttigieg served as theUnited States Secretary of Transportation from 2021 to 2025. Prior to becoming Secretary of Transportation, he served as mayor ofSouth Bend, Indiana, from 2012 to 2020. Buttigieg was thrust into the national spotlight with his2020 presidential campaign, where he narrowly won theIowa caucus and finished a close second in theNew Hampshire primary, but ultimately dropped out after a poor performance inSouth Carolina.[130] Buttigieg was also a contender to be Vice President Kamala Harris' running mate after she secured the Democratic nomination for president. If nominated, Buttigieg would be the first openly LGBT individual to receive the nomination of a major party in the United States.[131] After Buttigieg's radio talk show appearances in New Hampshire and Cleveland to address infrastructure plans for the future, there had been speculation that Buttigieg might be making early campaign stops for the governor race in Michigan (where he moved to in 2022) as well as the presidential election.NBC News reported in March that he did not intend to run for Senate, setting up a potential presidential bid.[132]
In May 2025, in an interview withAnand Giridharadas, he confirmed he is considering a 2028 presidential run, saying he will "assess what I bring to the table and how it's different than the others."[133][134] It was later reported that Buttigieg was leading polls in New Hampshire in October 2025.[135][136]
Josh Green has served as the 9thgovernor of Hawaii since 2022, and previously served as the 15thlieutenant governor and in both houses of theHawaii Legislature.[141][142][143] In an interview with NBC, Green explained that he is considering a presidential campaign, stating "Among governors, I think there are probably eight to 10 of us who are elevating in the public dialogue. I haven't made up my mind about what the future holds. I would be honored to help whomever. I might even become a potential candidate, but only if I've actually done a good job."[144] Green also told theAssociated Press in November 2025 that he is open to running but would rather support someone else.[145][146]
Kamala Harris
Kamala Harris served as the first female vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the party's nominee for president in the2024 presidential election after President Joe Bidenwithdrew from the race, losing to Trump.[147] Following the 2024 presidential election, Harris considered running forgovernor of California in2026, but in July 2025 she opted not to.[148][149] In a Chicago stop of her107 Days book tour, Harris expressed uncertainty about running again.[150] She later spoke withLaura Kuenssberg in an October 2025 interview onBBC News about potentially running for president again, stating "I am not done".[151]
Mark Kelly
Mark Kelly has served as a U.S. senator fromArizona since 2020. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election, and was seen as a potential replacement for PresidentJoe Biden before hewithdrew from the race.[152] He has been noted as a potential candidate byAxios[153] andPolitico,[154] and declined to give an answer to whether he was running for president in a July 2025 interview withJake Tapper.[155] During a January 2026 interview withAaron Parnas, Kelly confirmed he was considering a run for president.[156] He reiterated that he was considering a presidential run in an interview with CNN several weeks later.[157]
Gavin Newsom
Gavin Newsom has served as the governor ofCalifornia since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election byThe New York Times[158] and he was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election byThe New York Times.[159] According toThe New York Times, Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023.[160] After Newsom's response to theJune 2025 Los Angeles protests, it was reported that his chances of being the 2028 Democratic nominee increased significantly.[161][162] Newsom's chances reportedly rose further in August 2025, attributed to theElection Rigging Response Act and him mocking PresidentDonald Trump on social media.[163][164][165] In October 2025, in an interview withCBS News Sunday Morning, Newsom stated that after the2026 midterm elections, he would give "serious thought" to it, adding, "Yeah, I'd be lying otherwise."[166] In early 2026, it was reported that Newsom was a frontrunner in the presidential predictions market.[78]
Phil Murphy served as thegovernor of New Jersey from 2018 to 2026. He previously served asU.S. ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013 under PresidentBarack Obama. He has been considered a potential presidential candidate byNBC News[144] andAxios.[167] In December 2025, Murphy later confirmed that while he hadn't ruled out running for president in 2028, he claimed "I wouldn't put a lot of money on that."[168][169]
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has served as the representative ofNew York's 14th congressional district since 2019.Politico noted that Ocasio-Cortez "has a prominent following from younger, diverse people".[170]Axios noted in April 2025 that Ocasio-Cortez has been "surging in early polling of potential 2028 presidential candidates".[171] Despite this lead, it was later noted that the odds of other candidates such as Gavin Newsom were starting to widen.[165]Vanity Fair has reported that Ocasio-Cortez is reluctant to launch a presidential campaign and also noted that some have called for her to primaryChuck Schumer in the2028 New York Senate elections.[172] In September 2025,Axios reported that Ocasio-Cortez was positioning to run for president or Senate in 2028.[173]The Hill conducted a poll on December 8, 2025, where Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez led among young voters.[174] According to other polls byThe Guardian, Ocasio-Cortez is one of the top contenders beside Harris and Newsom.[175] In December, Ocasio-Cortez responded to a poll that showed she led Vance by tweeting "Bloop!"[176] She has drawn contrasts between herself and Vance on various issues as of January 2026.[177]
JB Pritzker
JB Pritzker has served as the governor ofIllinois since 2019. Pritzker is one of the wealthiest elected officials in America, with an estimated net worth of $3.7 billion,[178] and has largely bankrolled his own gubernatorial campaigns, as well as national abortion-rights initiatives.[179][180] Pritzker was considered a potential running mate to Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election.[181] Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according toWMAQ-TV[182]The Wall Street Journal,[178]Capitol News Illinois,[183]The New York Times,[184] andThe Hill,[185] and has declined to rule out a run.[186][187] In 2023, Pritzker declined to speak directly withRepresentativeDean Phillips regarding his effort to try to convince him to enter the Democratic Party presidential primary race to oppose Biden.[188][189] Pritzker is also seeking a third term as governor of Illinois in2026.[190]
Josh Shapiro
Josh Shapiro has served as the governor ofPennsylvania since 2023. Being elected in2022 by 15 points in a state won by Donald Trump twice, and with him being relatively popular in his home state.[191] Following the announcement of his autobiography and book tour, he has been viewed as a potential Democratic presidential candidate byThe Washington Post[192] andThe Philadelphia Inquirer.[193]
Jon Stewart
Jon Stewart is aprogressiveactivist,comedian, andcommentator. Stewart had been the subject of speculation for years as a potential presidential candidate, including in aPolitico opinion piece byJuleanna Glover where Stewart was described as a potentially formidableanti-establishment outsider 2024 Democratic candidate in the event that Biden did not run.[194] Since then, Stewart has been mentioned as a potential 2028 Democratic candidate byUSA Today,[195] theWashington Examiner,[196] andZeteo in late 2025.[197] In a late July 2025 interview with journalist and commentatorMehdi Hasan, Stewart stated that "the Democratic Party is ripe for a takeover... they just need to find the right reality host," and was pressed by Hasan on a potential 2028 Democratic presidential run, to which Hasan recalled that Stewart "didn't deny that was what he was suggesting."[198]The Hill described a "soft endorsement" from radio hostCharlamagne Tha God for a Stewart 2028 Democratic presidential run.[199] Stewart has been included in multiple 2028 national primary polls byEchelon Insights from September to November 2025.[g] In a December 2025 interview withTim Miller ofThe Bulwark, Stewart mentioned thatRobert F. Kennedy Jr. could be a strong Republican nominee in 2028. Miller responded by suggesting a potential election face-off between Kennedy and Stewart, to which Stewart did not offer comment.[203]Current Affairseditor-in-chiefNathan J. Robinson endorsed a Stewart 2028 campaign in a January 2026 editorial for the publication.[204]Race to the White House includes Stewart at 2% in its national presidential polling average for the Democratic primaries as of February 2026.[205]
Gretchen Whitmer has served as the governor ofMichigan since 2019. Whitmer has been considered a potential presidential candidate by multiple media sources.[208][209][210] Whitmer has cast doubt on a 2028 presidential bid, but said she would not close the door on it.[208][211]
Declined to be candidates
The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:
Joe Manchin served as a U.S. senator fromWest Virginia from 2010 to 2025, and previously served as the governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010. He considered a third-party run in the 2024 presidential election with the centrist political organizationNo Labels but ultimately decided against it.[227] In September 2025, in an interview withThe New York Times, Manchin acknowledged that he is considering running as a third-party candidate in 2028, saying his objective is "for the middle to compete".[228][229]
Declined to be candidates
The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:
^Individuals listed below have, as of January 2026[update], personally expressed an interest in seeking the 2028 Republican Party presidential nomination in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
^abIndividuals listed below have, as of January 2026[update], been mentioned as potential 2028 presidential candidates in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
^Kinzinger has declined interest in running for president in 2028 as a Republican, but has expressed interest in running with a different party affiliation.
^Individuals listed below have, as of January 2026[update], personally expressed an interest in seeking the 2028 Democratic Party presidential nomination in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
^Sanders is an independent, but he caucuses with the Democratic Party.
^Individuals listed below have, as of January 2026[update], personally expressed an interest in running for president in 2028 in at least two reliable media sources in the last six months.
^Sinema was a registered Democrat until 2022, at which point she changed her registration to independent, and continued to caucus with the Senate Democrats.
^Greg Abbott 2%, Rick Scott 2%, S. Huckabee Sanders 2%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Tom Cotton 1%, Elise Stefanik *, Larry Hogan*
^Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Josh Hawley 1%, Doug Burgum *%, Kristi Noem *%, Tim Scott *%, Steve Bannon *%, Someone else 2%
^Tom Cotton 2%, S. Huckabee Sanders 2%, Tim Scott 2%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Greg Abbott 1%, Rick Scott 0%, Elise Stefanik *, Larry Hogan*
^Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Steve Bannon 1%, Kristi Noem *%, Josh Hawley *%, Someone else 2%
^Tim Scott 2%, Elise Stefanik 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Scott Bessent 1%, Steve Bannon 1%, None of the mentioned 6%
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders 6%, Glenn Youngkin 4%, Tim Scott 2%, Brian Kemp 2%, Rand Paul 1%, Another candidate 4%
^Tulsi Gabbard 2%, S. Huckabee Sanders 2%, Tim Scott 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Tom Cotton 1%, Rick Scott 0%, Greg Abbott 0%, Glenn Youngkin 0%, Elise Stefanik *, Larry Hogan*
^Tulsi Gabbard 4%, Glenn Youngkin 2%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 2%, Tim Scott 1%, Steve Bannon *%, Kristi Noem *%, Doug Burgum *%, Someone else 1%
^None of the above 7.7%, Tim Scott 1.6%, Brian Kemp 0.3%, Tom Cotton 0.3%, Kristi Noem 0.1%
^Mike Pence 2%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Someone else 2%
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders 4%, Tim Scott 4%, Rand Paul 2%, Brian Kemp 2%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Another candidate 6%
^S. Huckabee Sanders 2%, Tulsi Gabbard 2%, Glenn Youngkin 2%, Greg Abbott 2%, Tim Scott 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Tom Cotton 1%, Rick Scott 1%, Elise Stefanik 0%, Larry Hogan *
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders 2%, Tulsi Gabbard 2%, Josh Hawley 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Steve Bannon *%, Glenn Youngkin *%, Tim Scott *%, Doug Burgum *%, Someone else 3%
^None of the above 7.6%, Tim Scott 2.6%, Kristi Noem 1.4%, Greg Abbott 0.9%, Brian Kemp 0.2%, Tom Cotton 0.2%
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders 3%, Tim Scott 1%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Steve Bannon 1%, Josh Hawley *%, Kristi Noem *%, Doug Burgum -, Someone else 1%
^Glenn Youngkin 2%, S. Huckabee Sanders 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Greg Abbott 1%, Rick Scott 1%, Tom Cotton 1%, Elise Stefanik 1%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Kristi Noem 0%, Larry Hogan*
^Kristi Noem 2%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Brian Kemp <0.5%, Scott Bessent <0.5%, Someone else 4%
^Greg Abbott 2%, Tulsi Gabbard 2%, Kristi Noem 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, S. Huckabee Sanders 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Tom Cotton 1%, Rick Scott 1%, Elise Stefanik 0%, Larry Hogan *
^Tim Scott 2.2%, Glenn Youngkin 1.1%, Tom Cotton 0.9%, Greg Abbott 0.8%, Brian Kemp 0.7%, Kristi Noem 0.5%, None of the listed 15.6%
^Tulsi Gabbard 2%, Rick Scott 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, S. Huckabee Sanders 1%, Tim Scott 1%, Greg Abbott 1%, Elise Stefanik 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%
^Tim Scott 2%, Kristi Noem 2%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Elise Stefanik 1%, Steve Bannon 1%, Scott Bessent 0%, None of the mentioned 3%
^3% for Glenn Youngkin; 1% for Tulsi Gabbard, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, and Tim Scott; <1% for Steve Bannon, Doug Burgum, Josh Hawley, and Kristi Noem; 1% for "Someone else"
^2% Sarah Huckabee Sanders, 2% Kristi Noem, 1% Tulsi Gabbard, 1% Glenn Youngkin, 1% Rick Scott, 1% Elise Stefanik, 1% Greg Abbott, 1% Tim Scott
^abcPolling was conducted under the hypothetical pretext of an amendment to the US constitution removing or changing the presidential two term limit, which had been hinted at by some GOP MAGA politicians as well an idea that has also been promoted by President Trump.[234]
^Josh Hawley 1%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Kristi Noem 1%, Tulsi Gabbard 1%, Tim Scott 1%, someone else 2%
^2% for Tulsi Gabbard; 1% for Steve Bannon, Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, Tim Scott, and Glenn Youngkin; 3% for "Other"
^4% for Tulsi Gabbard, 2% for Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, and Tim Scott; 1% for Steve Bannon and Marjorie Taylor Greene; <0.5% for Glenn Youngkin; 5% for "Other"
^Kristi Noem 2%, Sarah Huckabee Sanders 1%, Glenn Youngkin 1%, Josh Hawley 1%, Tim Scott 1%
^Tulsi Gabbard and Kristi Noem with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Larry Hogan, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, Rick Scott, and Tim Scott with 1%; Elise Stefanik and Glenn Youngkin with 0%
^Kristi Noem and Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Doug Burgum, Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Katie Britt and Elise Stefanik with <1%; "Someone else" with 2%
^Tulsi Gabbard with 3%; Gregg Abbott & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Larry Hogan, Kristi Noem, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Tim Scott with 1%
^Tim Scott with 3%; Tulsi Gabbard, Sarah Huckabee Sanders & Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Greg Abbott, Tom Cotton, Kristi Noem & Rick Scott with 1%; Larry Hogan & Elise Stefanik with <1%
^Greg Abbott, Tucker Carlson, Brian Kemp, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%; Someone else with 5%; Would not vote with 4%
^Tulsi Gabbard and Candace Owens with 1%; Elon Musk, and Glenn Youngkin with <1%; Someone else with 5%
^Musk is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 2%; Josh Hawley, Tim Scott, Glenn Youngkin, and Kristi Noem with 1%; Katie Britt, Doug Burgum, and Elise Stefanik with 0%; Someone else with 3%
^Sarah Huckabee Sanders with 3%; Josh Hawley, and Tim Scott with 2%; Katie Britt, Byron Donalds, and Glenn Youngkin with 1%
^Tucker Carlson with 6%; Greg Abbott with 3%; Kari Lake and Glenn Youngkin with 2%; Tom Cotton, Byron Donalds, Josh Hawley, Brian Kemp, and Elise Stefanik with 1%; Katie Britt with 0%
^Jasmine Crockett 4%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Roy Cooper 2%, JB Pritzker 2%, Amy Klobuchar 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Phil Murphy 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Deval Patrick *%, Beto O'Rourke *%
^Mark Kelly 4%, Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Raphael Warnock 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Someone else 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel *%, Chris Murphy *%, Ro Khanna *%, Ruben Gallego *%, John Fetterman *%
^Someone else 4.1%, Gretchen Whitmer 3.1%, Andy Beshear 2.5%
^Bernie Sanders 7%, Mark Kelly 7%, Elizabeth Warren 3%, Andy Beshear 2%, Someone else 1%, Gretchen Whitmer 0%, Amy Klobuchar 0%
^Mark Kelly 4%, Andy Beshear 2%, Wes Moore 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Jon Ossoff 1%, Amy Klobuchar 1%, Ro Khanna 1%
^Andy Beshear 5.8%, Gretchen Whitmer 1.8%, Ro Khanna 1.8%, "None of the above" 1.5%, Rahm Emanuel 1.1%, Wes Moore 1.1%, Raphael Warnock 0.2%, Stephen A. Smith 0%
^Jasmine Crockett 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Roy Cooper 2%, Amy Klobuchar 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Phil Murphy 0%, Rahm Emanuel 0%, Deval Patrick *%, Beto O'Rourke *%
^Andy Beshear 3%, Mark Kelly 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Jared Polis *%, Wes Moore *%, John Fetterman *%, Ro Khanna *%, Ruben Gallego 0%, Someone else 1%
^Jasmine Crockett 5%, Stephen A. Smith 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Roy Cooper 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Amy Klobuchar 0%, Phil Murphy 0%, Jared Polis 0%, Deval Patrick*, Beto O'Rourke*
^Mark Cuban 3%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jasmine Crockett 2%, Jon Stewart 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Ruben Gallego *%, Rahm Emanuel *%, Stephen A. Smith *%, Someone else *%
^Gretchen Whitmer 4%, Wes Moore 3%, Stephen A. Smith 1%
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Stephen A. Smith 3%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Roy Cooper 1%, Phil Murphy 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Jared Polis 0%, Deval Patrick*, Beto O'Rourke*
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Jon Stewart 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Mark Cuban 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel *%, Ruben Gallego *%, Jared Polis *%, Someone else *%
^Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Someone else 2%, Wes Moore 1%
^Jasmine Crockett 5%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 1%, Roy Cooper 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Phil Murphy 1%, Rahm Emanuel 0%, Deval Patrick*, Beto O'Rourke*
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Mark Cuban 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Jon Stewart 2%, John Fetterman 1%, Andy Beshear 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Ro Khanna 1%, Someone else 1%, Wes Moore *%, Stephen A. Smith *%, Jared Polis *%
^Andy Beshear 2.7%, Raphael Warnock 0.6%, Wes Moore 0.6%, Gretchen Whitmer 0.3%, Stephen A. Smith 0.2%, None of the above 6%
^Bernie Sanders 5%, Elizabeth Warren 3%, Mark Kelly 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Amy Klobuchar 1%, Someone else 4%
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Roy Cooper 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Phill Murphy 1%, Amy Klobuchar 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Deval Patrick *, Beto O'Rourke *
^Andy Beshear 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Wes Moore 1%
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Mark Cuban 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Wes Moore 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Ruben Gallego *%, Chris Murphy *%, Raphael Warnock *%, Jared Polis *%, John Fetterman -, Rahm Emanuel -, Someone else 1%
^Mamdani is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen.
^Zohran Mamdani 4%,[dp] None of the above 2.3%, Gretchen Whitmer 1.4%, Raphael Warnock 0.5%, Rahm Emanuel 0.3%
^Mark Cuban 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Andy Beshear 2%, Chris Murphy 2%, John Fetterman 2%, Wes Moore 1%, Jasmine Crockett 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Rahm Emanuel *%, Jared Polis *%, Ruben Gallego *%, Someone else 2%
^Mark Cuban 4%, Gretchen Whitmer 3%, John Fetterman 2%, Wes Moore 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jasmine Crockett 2%, Chris Murphy 2%, Jon Stewart 2%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Jared Polis *%, Ruben Gallego *%, Someone else 3%
^Gretchen Whitmer 4%, Amy Klobuchar 3%, Roy Cooper 2%, Stephen A. Smith 2%, Jasmine Crockett 2%, Wes Moore 1%, Phil Murphy 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Deval Patrick*, Beto O'Rourke*
^Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Jasmine Crockett 2%, Rahm Emanuel 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Roy Cooper 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Phil Murphy 1%, Jared Polis 0%, Deval Patrick *, Beto O'Rourke *
^Mark Cuban 4%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Andy Beshear 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Ruben Gallego 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Jon Ossoff 0%, Raphael Warnock 0%, Chris Murphy 0%, Wes Moore 0%
^Gretchen Whitmer 3.7%, Raphael Warnock 1.4%, Chris Murphy 0.4%, Ro Khanna 0.3%, Stephen A. Smith 0.3%, Andy Beshear 0.2%, Rahm Emanuel 0.2%, None of the candidates listed 3.6%
^Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Amy Klobuchar 3%, Jasmine Crockett 2%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Roy Cooper 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Phil Murphy 1%
^Jasmine Crockett at 3%; Mark Cuban and Gretchen Whitmer at 2%; Andy Beshear, John Fetterman, Wes Moore, Chris Murphy, Jared Polis, Jon Stewart and Raphael Warnock at 1%; Ruben Gallego and Stephen A. Smith at <1%; "Someone else" at 1%
^2% Jasmine Crockett, 2% Roy Cooper, 2% Amy Klobuchar, 1% Gretchen Whitmer, 1% Phil Murphy, 1% Wes Moore, 1% Stephen A. Smith
^Elizabeth Warren 4%, Wes Moore 1%, Gretchen Whitmer 1%, Andy Beshear 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Mark Kelly 1%, Someone else 2%
^9% for Gretchen Whitmer; 2% for Andy Beshear, Raphael Warnock, and Chris Murphy
^Gretchen Whitmer; 3% for Amy Klobuchar and Jon Stewart; 2% for Andy Beshear and Mark Cuban; 1% for Chris Murphy
^4% for Gretchen Whitmer; 2% for Andy Beshear, Mark Cuban, Amy Klobuchar, and Jon Stewart; 1% for Chris Murphy and Wes Moore; <0.5% for Jasmine Crockett, Shawn Fain, Stephen A. Smith, and Raphael Warnock
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Jon Stewart 3%, and Gretchen Whitmer 3%, Wes Moore 2%, Andy Beshear 1%, Stephen A. Smith 1%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Someone Else 2%
^4% for Mark Kelly; 3% for Andy Beshear, Mark Cuban and Gretchen Whitmer; 1% for Roy Cooper, John Fetterman, Ruben Gallego, Wes Moore, and Stephen A. Smith; <0.5% for Jared Polis, 6% for "Other"
^Bernie Sanders 8%, Mark Kelly 4%, Elizabeth Warren 2%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, someone else 3%
^Mark Cuban 4%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Amy Klobuchar 2%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Ruben Gallego <1%, Someone else 2%
^Jasmine Crockett 3%, Mark Cuban 3%, Gretchen Whitmer 2%, Andy Beshear 2%, Jared Polis 1%, John Fetterman 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Jon Stewart 1%, Stephen A Smith <1%, Wes Moore <1%
^Someone else with 11%; Mark Cuban with 7%; Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Andy Beshear with 3%; Wes Moore with 2%; Phil Murphy with 1%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Amy Klobuchar with 3%; Roy Cooper, Beto O'Rourke with 2%; Wes Moore, Phil Murphy, Deval Patrick, and Stephen A. Smith with 1%; Jared Polis with 0%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; Mark Cuban with 3%; Jasmine Crockett, John Fetterman and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear, Ruben Gallego, and Jared Polis with 1%; Wes Moore and Stephen A. Smith with <1%; "Someone else" with 1%
^Amy Klobuchar & Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Wes Moore, & Stephen A. Smith with 2%; Phil Murphy, Jared Polis & Beto O'Rourke with 1%, Deval Patrick with <1%
^Gretchen Whitmer & Beto O'Rourke with 3%; Amy Klobuchar, Wes Moore, Phil Murphy & Deval Patrick with 1%; Jared Polis with <1%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Michelle Obama and Bernie Sanders with 2%; Hakeem Jeffries, Wes Moore, Jon Stewart, and Rashida Tlaib with 1%; Andy Beshear and Mark Kelly with <1%; Someone else with 4%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Andy Beshear with 2%; Jared Polis and Wes Moore with 1%; Someone else with 1%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, and Andy Beshear with 2%; Wes Moore and John Fetterman with 1%; "Someone else" with 3%; "Would not vote" with 6%
^Mark Kelly and Gretchen Whitmer with 4%; "Someone else" with 7%
^Gretchen Whitmer with 3%; John Fetterman, and Raphael Warnock with 2%; Andy Beshear and Wes Moore with 1%
^Tim Walz 4%, Ro Khanna 3%, Andy Beshear 3%, Mark Kelly 2%, JB Pritzker 1%, Ruben Gallego 1%, Gina Raimondo 1%, Chris Murphy 1%, Wes Moore 1%, Rahm Emanuel 1%, Raphael Warnock 1%, Jared Polis 1%, Other 2%
^Hasan, Mehdi (August 12, 2025)."Should Jon Stewart Run for President in 2028?".Zeteo. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2026.Stewart and I discussed corporate media, the Gaza genocide, and Donald Trump, and Stewart wondered aloud whether 'the Democratic Party is ripe for a takeover' and 'they just need to find the right reality host.' My response? 'Please, please, no reality hosts, I beg of you. Unless Jon, you're thinking of throwing your hat in the ring, which I know many people want.. If that's what you're suggesting, we can talk about that.' Stewart laughed. He didn't deny that was what he was suggesting. He didn't rule out throwing his 'hat in the ring.' He didn't recite some version of: 'Don't be crazy, Mehdi, I have no intention of doing that.' There was a glint in his eye as he simply leaned his head back and… chuckled.
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