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2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For related races, see2024 United States Senate elections.

2024 United States Senate election in Virginia
← 2018
November 5, 2024
2030 →
 
NomineeTim KaineHung Cao
PartyDemocraticRepublican
Popular vote2,417,1152,019,911
Percentage54.37%45.44%
County and independent city results
Congressional district results
Precinct results
Kaine:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Cao:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%
U.S. senator before election

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Elections in Virginia
U.S. President
Presidential primaries
U.S. Senate
U.S. House
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Senate
House of Delegates
State elections
Commonwealth's Attorney

The2024 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of theUnited States Senate to represent theCommonwealth of Virginia.Democratic incumbentTim Kaine won re-election to a third term, defeatingRepublican formerU.S. Navy captainHung Cao by a 8.93% margin.[1][2] Primary elections took place on June 18, 2024.[3]

Background

[edit]

Virginia is considered to be a moderatelyblue state at the federal level, withJoe Biden carrying Virginia by about 10 percentage points in the2020 presidential election. Democrats control both U.S. Senate seats, a majority in itsU.S. representative congressional delegation, and the minimum majority in both houses of theVirginia General Assembly. However, Republicans flipped all three statewide constitutional offices in the2021 elections.[4][5][6]

Kaine was first elected in2012 by 6 points, defeating former U.S. SenatorGeorge Allen, and won re-election in2018 by 16 points.[7][8] Republicans have not won a U.S. Senate race in Virginia since2002.

This race was considered to be clearly favoring Kaine as he is popular amongst Virginian voters and typically over-performs other down-ballot candidates.[9]

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]
Tim Kaine

U.S representatives

Individuals

Organizations

Labor unions

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of May 29, 2024
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Tim Kaine (D)$14,583,509$8,488,125$8,615,046
Source:Federal Election Commission[25]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Hung Cao, the eventual Republican nominee, was embroiled in multiple controversies. Following the partial collapse of theFrancis Scott Key Bridge after being struck by a container ship, Cao blamedSecretary of TransportationPete Buttigieg for the accident, claiming that Buttigieg "spends more time talking about racial equity with regard to highways and about climate change than about focusing on the fundamentals of keeping our country and our infrastructure working."[26] Later, Cao claimed thatMonterey, California is "a very dark place now, a lot of witchcraft, and theWiccan community has really taken over there," adding that "we can't let that happen in Virginia."[27]

In February 2023, Cao announced the formation of aPAC called Unleash America, with the PAC's goal being "to get Republicans elected" in theHouse of Delegates elections andState Senate elections in 2023. However, in April 2024, theStaunton-based publicationThe News Leader published an article claiming that none of the $103,489 raised by the PAC was spent on state house or state senate elections, but were instead spent on Cao's Senate bid.[28] Cao would respond by denouncing the article as a "hit job" by a "podunk local newspaper" that he claimed was run by "left-wing hacks."[29] In a virtual town hall hosted by theFauquier County Republican Committee, Cao would also say that it would be "ridonkulous" and "crazy" for him to “drive six and a half hours down toAbingdon or something like that and to stand there with four other dudes and to have 30 seconds to answer questions." His comments have drawn backlash and accusations of being dismissive to rural portions of the commonwealth.[30]

Despite these controversies, Cao was endorsed by former presidentDonald Trump for the Republican nomination.[31] He would later win the party's nomination easily.

Nominee

[edit]

Eliminated in primary

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]
Hung Cao

U.S. Presidents

Governors

Individuals

Jonathan Emord

U.S. representatives

Scott Parkinson

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Individuals

Organizations

Chuck Smith

State legislators

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of May 29, 2024
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Hung Cao (R)$2,508,562$2,398,405$202,637
Jonathan Emord (R)$932,828[a]$897,923$34,905
Eddie Garcia (R)$340,558$315,309$25,249
Scott Parkinson (R)$930,240$601,089$329,151
Chuck Smith (R)$556,762$536,262$20,499
Source:Federal Election Commission[25]

Results

[edit]
Results by county and independent city:
  Cao
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  •   80–90%
  Garcia
  •   30–40%
Republican primary results[46]
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanHung Cao168,86861.79%
RepublicanScott Parkinson29,94010.95%
RepublicanEddie Garcia26,7779.80%
RepublicanChuck Smith24,1088.82%
RepublicanJonathan Emord23,6148.64%
Total votes273,307100.00%

General election

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]
SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report[47]Solid DNovember 9, 2023
Elections Daily[48]Solid DAugust 9, 2024
Inside Elections[49]Solid DNovember 9, 2023
Sabato's Crystal Ball[50]Safe DNovember 9, 2023
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill[51]Likely DAugust 26, 2024
CNalysis[52]Solid DNovember 21, 2023
RealClearPolitics[53]Likely DAugust 5, 2024
Split Ticket[54]Likely DOctober 23, 2024
538[55]Likely DNovember 2, 2024

Post-primary endorsements

[edit]
Tim Kaine (D)

U.S. representatives

Organizations

Newspapers

Hung Cao

Statewide Officials

Organizations

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of June 30, 2024
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Tim Kaine (D)$15,990,927$10,698,945$7,811,645
Hung Cao (R)$3,051,361$2,729,334$414,508
Source:Federal Election Commission[25]

Polling

[edit]

Aggregate polls

Source of poll
aggregation		Dates
administered		Dates
updated		Tim
Kaine (D)		Hung
Cao (R)		Undecided
[b]		Margin
FiveThirtyEight[64]through November 4, 2024November 4, 202451.9%41.2%6.9%Kaine +10.7%
RealClearPolitics[65]October 19 – November 4, 2024November 4, 202452.0%41.2%6.8%Kaine +10.8%
270toWin[66]October 26 – November 4, 2024November 4, 202451.2%41.8%7.0%Kaine +9.4%
TheHill/DDHQ[67]through November 4, 2024November 4, 202452.2%42.4%6.4%Kaine +9.8%
Average51.8%41.6%6.6%Kaine +10.2%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size[c]		Margin
of error		Tim
Kaine (D)		Hung
Cao (R)		OtherUndecided
AtlasIntel[68]November 1–4, 20242,202 (LV)± 2.0%53%44%1%[d]2%
Research Co.[69]November 2–3, 2024450 (LV)± 4.6%53%41%–6%
Chism Strategies[70]October 28–30, 2024520 (LV)± 4.3%46%45%–9%
Cygnal (R)[71]October 27–29, 2024600 (LV)± 4.0%52%42%–7%
Roanoke College[72]October 25–29, 2024851 (LV)± 4.6%51%40%3%[e]6%
ActiVote[73]October 2–28, 2024400 (LV)± 4.9%55%45%––
The Washington Post/
George Mason University[74]		October 19–23, 20241,004 (LV)± 3.5%54%41%1%[f]4%
1,004 (RV)± 3.5%54%40%1%[f]5%
ActiVote[75]September 9 – October 14, 2024400 (LV)± 4.9%56%44%––
Christopher Newport University[76]September 28 – October 4, 2024800 (LV)± 4.4%55%35%5%[g]5%
Emerson College[77][A]September 22–24, 2024860 (LV)± 3.3%51%41%2%6%
Research America[78][B]September 3–9, 20241,000 (A)± 3.0%45%38%8%[h]9%
756 (LV)± 3.5%49%43%2%6%
The Washington Post/
George Mason University[79]		September 4–8, 20241,005 (RV)± 3.5%53%41%1%[f]5%
1,005 (LV)± 3.5%53%41%–5%
ActiVote[80]July 24 – September 1, 2024400 (LV)± 4.9%55%45%––
Roanoke College[81]August 12–16, 2024691 (LV)± 4.5%49%38%10%[i]3%
Emerson College[82][C]July 14–15, 20241,000 (RV)± 3.0%49%39%4%[j]8%
Mainstreet Research/FAU[83]July 14–15, 2024301 (A)± 3.2%42%33%5%[k]20%
265 (LV)± 3.2%44%34%4%[l]19%
July 12–13, 2024617 (A)± 3.2%45%32%7%[m]15%
544 (LV)± 3.2%47%34%6%[n]13%
NYT/Siena College[84]July 9–12, 2024661 (RV)± 4.2%52%34%–14%
661 (LV)± 4.4%52%36%–12%
Virginia Commonwealth University[85]June 24 – July 3, 2024809 (A)± 4.8%49%38%14%[o]–
Fabrizio Ward (R)/
Impact Research (D)[86][D]		April 26–28, 2024500 (RV)± 4.4%48%36%1%16%
Hypothetical polling

Tim Kaine vs. Glenn Youngkin

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size[c]		Margin
of error		Tim
Kaine (D)		Glenn
Youngkin (R)		OtherUndecided
Virginia Commonwealth University[87]July 14–25, 2023804 (A)± 5.46%47%42%3%[p]7%
University of Mary Washington[88]September 6–12, 20221,000 (A)± 3.1%41%39%10%[q]10%

Debates

[edit]
2024 Virginia U.S. Senate election debate
No.DateHostModeratorsLinkDemocraticRepublican
Key:
 P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W  Withdrawn
KaineCao
1Oct. 2, 2024NSUTom Schaad & Deanna Allbrittin[89]YouTubePP

Results

[edit]
State Senate district results
State House of Delegates district results
2024 United States Senate election in Virginia[90]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticTim Kaine (incumbent)2,417,11554.37%−2.63%
RepublicanHung Cao2,019,91145.44%+4.43%
Write-in8,5090.19%+0.04%
Total votes4,445,535100.00%N/A
Democratichold

By county and independent city

[edit]
Locality[91]Tim Kaine
Democratic		Hung Cao
Republican		Write-in
Various		MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%
Accomack7,67245.03%9,33954.82%260.15%−1,667−9.78%17,037
Albemarle43,96866.66%21,91233.22%760.12%22,05633.44%65,956
Alexandria62,59778.25%17,17521.47%2220.28%45,42256.78%79,994
Alleghany2,78634.15%5,35865.69%130.16%−2,572−31.53%8,157
Amelia2,31429.22%5,60070.71%60.08%−3,286−41.49%7,920
Amherst5,79033.62%11,41466.27%200.12%−5,624−32.65%17,224
Appomattox2,56226.98%6,92372.91%100.11%−4,361−45.93%9,495
Arlington100,72578.47%27,26921.24%3650.28%73,45657.23%128,359
Augusta12,51728.33%31,60571.53%610.14%−19,088−43.20%44,183
Bath68426.66%1,88173.30%10.04%−1,197−46.65%2,566
Bedford13,06825.80%37,53674.10%520.10%−24,468−48.30%50,656
Bland70920.74%2,70779.20%20.06%−1,998−58.46%3,418
Botetourt6,60830.62%14,95069.27%240.11%−8,342−38.65%21,582
Bristol2,62935.86%4,69964.09%40.05%−2,070−28.23%7,332
Brunswick4,32456.14%3,37243.78%60.08%95212.36%7,702
Buchanan2,33125.81%6,68674.02%160.18%−4,355−48.21%9,033
Buckingham3,24241.39%4,58158.49%90.11%−1,339−17.10%7,832
Buena Vista93533.17%1,88166.73%30.11%−946−33.56%2,819
Campbell8,52627.49%22,44972.38%390.13%−13,923−44.89%31,014
Caroline8,24947.18%9,21852.72%180.10%−969−5.54%17,485
Carroll3,63722.78%12,31877.14%140.09%−8,681−54.36%15,969
Charles City2,39757.03%1,80242.87%40.10%59514.16%4,203
Charlotte2,14836.00%3,81563.95%30.05%−1,667−27.94%5,966
Charlottesville19,43983.98%3,65015.77%580.25%15,78968.21%23,147
Chesapeake67,22452.92%59,65746.96%1490.12%7,5675.96%127,030
Chesterfield115,36455.20%93,33644.66%2790.13%22,02810.54%208,979
Clarke4,18243.22%5,48756.70%80.08%−1,305−13.49%9,677
Colonial Heights3,25937.37%5,45662.57%50.06%−2,197−25.19%8,720
Covington1,02541.96%1,41858.04%00.00%−393−16.09%2,443
Craig67121.73%2,41578.21%20.06%−1,744−56.48%3,088
Culpeper11,21139.56%17,10560.36%240.08%−5,894−20.80%28,340
Cumberland2,16439.89%3,25660.02%50.09%−1,092−20.13%5,425
Danville10,98663.31%6,33536.50%330.19%4,65126.80%17,354
Dickenson1,92928.24%4,88471.51%170.25%−2,955−43.27%6,830
Dinwiddie6,33540.83%9,16359.06%180.12%−2,828−18.23%15,516
Emporia1,41567.70%67332.20%20.10%74235.50%2,090
Essex2,85848.13%3,07251.73%80.13%−214−3.60%5,938
Fairfax City8,88266.57%4,40733.03%530.40%4,47533.54%13,342
Fairfax County393,90667.67%186,26632.00%1,9320.33%207,64035.67%582,104
Falls Church7,16379.82%1,79119.96%200.22%5,37259.86%8,974
Fauquier17,44139.23%26,97160.66%510.11%−9,530−21.43%44,463
Floyd3,30234.52%6,25165.35%120.13%−2,949−30.83%9,565
Fluvanna7,99248.15%8,58151.70%240.14%−589−3.55%16,597
Franklin City2,36763.42%1,35936.41%60.16%1,00827.01%3,732
Franklin County9,11429.67%21,56970.21%370.12%−12,455−40.54%30,720
Frederick19,76938.39%31,65961.49%620.12%−11,890−23.09%51,490
Fredericksburg8,85866.92%4,34632.83%320.24%4,51234.09%13,236
Galax89333.25%1,78866.57%50.19%−895−33.32%2,686
Giles2,59328.68%6,43571.18%130.14%−3,842−42.50%9,041
Gloucester7,52232.80%15,39167.11%210.09%−7,869−34.31%22,934
Goochland7,95640.54%11,65559.39%140.07%−3,699−18.85%19,625
Grayson1,88823.77%6,04576.10%110.14%−4,157−52.33%7,944
Greene4,73139.62%7,19360.24%160.13%−2,462−20.62%11,940
Greensville2,41657.59%1,77042.19%90.21%64615.40%4,195
Halifax7,39741.90%10,21857.88%400.23%−2,821−15.98%17,655
Hampton44,20171.41%17,61128.45%830.13%26,59042.96%61,895
Hanover27,20737.79%44,71562.12%650.09%−17,508−24.32%71,987
Harrisonburg10,92264.63%5,94635.19%310.18%4,97629.45%16,899
Henrico116,33665.45%61,16034.41%2420.14%55,17631.04%177,738
Henry9,58338.25%15,42661.58%430.17%−5,843−23.32%25,052
Highland49732.91%1,01267.02%10.07%−515−34.11%1,510
Hopewell5,17359.96%3,43839.85%160.19%1,73520.11%8,627
Isle of Wight10,29242.05%14,16357.87%200.08%−3,871−15.82%24,475
James City26,99152.83%24,03347.04%680.13%2,9585.79%51,092
King and Queen1,62839.30%2,51360.66%20.05%−885−21.36%4,143
King George5,84338.14%9,45961.75%160.10%−3,616−23.61%15,318
King William3,65932.25%7,67867.67%100.09%−4,019−35.42%11,347
Lancaster3,36446.35%3,88853.57%60.08%-524-7.22%7,258
Lee2,30623.58%7,45276.21%200.20%-5,146-52.63%9,778
Lexington1,81763.71%1,03136.15%40.14%78627.56%2,852
Loudoun133,43658.59%93,44141.03%8600.38%39,99517.56%227,737
Louisa9,12438.22%14,72661.69%220.09%-5,602-23.47%23,872
Lunenburg2,34441.33%3,32458.60%40.07%-980-17.28%5,672
Lynchburg17,02046.54%19,47853.26%750.21%-2,458-6.72%36,573
Madison2,83933.85%5,54666.12%30.04%-2,707-32.27%8,388
Manassas9,37559.15%6,43840.62%360.23%2,93718.53%15,849
Manassas Park3,71363.44%2,11236.08%280.48%1,60127.35%5,853
Martinsville3,51564.31%1,94235.53%90.16%1,57328.78%5,466
Mathews1,87231.75%4,01568.10%90.15%-2,143-36.35%5,896
Mecklenburg6,69942.15%9,17057.70%230.14%-2,471-15.55%15,892
Middlesex2,57037.58%4,26562.37%30.04%-1,695-24.79%6,838
Montgomery25,03753.59%21,57546.18%1070.23%3,4627.41%46,719
Nelson4,52048.16%4,84951.67%160.17%-329-3.51%9,385
New Kent5,70034.75%10,69565.19%100.06%-4,995-30.45%16,405
Newport News49,49966.08%25,32333.80%910.12%24,17632.27%74,913
Norfolk61,33472.05%23,65727.79%1400.16%37,67744.26%85,131
Northampton3,68754.69%3,04745.19%80.12%6409.49%6,742
Northumberland3,25339.81%4,91260.11%70.09%-1,659-20.30%8,172
Norton60638.33%97361.54%20.13%-367-23.21%1,581
Nottoway2,80041.12%4,00058.74%100.15%-1,200-17.62%6,810
Orange8,72539.56%13,28960.25%430.19%-4,564-20.69%22,057
Page3,61827.85%9,35471.99%210.16%-5,736-44.15%12,993
Patrick2,39125.42%7,00574.48%90.10%-4,614-49.06%9,405
Petersburg11,25487.52%1,58312.31%220.17%9,67175.21%12,859
Pittsylvania10,52331.61%22,72568.26%420.13%-12,202-36.65%33,290
Poquoson2,27328.37%5,72971.51%100.12%-3,456-43.14%8,012
Portsmouth28,79171.26%11,58128.66%300.07%17,21042.60%40,402
Powhatan5,94928.59%14,84471.33%160.08%-8,895-42.75%20,809
Prince Edward4,61750.20%4,56749.65%140.15%500.54%9,198
Prince George7,04841.29%10,01058.64%130.08%-2,962-17.35%17,071
Prince William137,06060.89%87,31038.79%7110.32%49,75022.10%225,081
Pulaski5,65532.47%11,74367.43%160.09%-6,088-34.96%17,414
Radford3,42352.74%3,05147.01%160.25%3725.73%6,490
Rappahannock2,05340.93%2,94758.75%160.32%-894-17.82%5,016
Richmond City89,67283.56%17,40016.21%2420.23%72,27267.35%107,314
Richmond County1,56237.98%2,55062.00%10.02%-988-24.02%4,113
Roanoke City26,67663.76%15,08236.05%820.20%11,59427.71%41,840
Roanoke County22,97840.56%33,60959.32%700.12%-10,631-18.76%56,657
Rockbridge4,52635.53%8,19964.37%130.10%−3,673-28.83%12,738
Rockingham16,18033.47%32,08166.36%810.17%-15,901-32.89%48,342
Russell3,32625.14%9,88574.72%180.14%-6,559-49.58%13,229
Salem5,65343.41%7,35256.46%170.13%-1,699-13.05%13,022
Scott2,43122.49%8,35977.33%200.19%-5,928-54.84%10,810
Shenandoah7,96833.06%16,09766.79%360.15%-8,129-33.73%24,101
Smyth3,88527.27%10,33972.58%200.14%-6,454-45.31%14,244
Southampton3,91440.25%5,80159.65%100.10%-1,887-19.40%9,725
Spotsylvania37,33947.48%41,19952.39%1060.13%-3,860-4.91%78,644
Stafford42,60351.64%39,76448.19%1400.17%2,8393.44%82,507
Staunton7,82058.38%5,55241.45%240.18%2,26816.93%13,396
Suffolk31,58759.68%21,25540.16%810.15%10,33219.52%52,923
Surry2,23251.42%2,10048.38%90.21%1323.04%4,341
Sussex2,60553.87%2,22646.03%50.10%3797.84%4,836
Tazewell4,95225.96%14,09673.88%310.16%-9,144-47.93%19,079
Virginia Beach118,92052.70%106,47647.19%2380.11%12,4445.52%225,634
Warren7,52933.70%14,77166.11%420.19%-7,242-32.41%22,342
Washington8,25928.32%20,85171.49%570.20%-12,592-43.17%29,167
Waynesboro5,52149.58%5,59850.27%160.14%-77-0.69%11,135
Westmoreland4,77445.90%5,61553.99%120.12%-841-8.09%10,401
Williamsburg5,63572.28%2,15127.59%100.13%3,48444.69%7,796
Winchester6,80458.00%4,90541.81%230.20%1,89916.19%11,732
Wise4,49427.54%11,80272.33%200.12%-7,308-44.79%16,316
Wythe3,73224.85%11,26875.02%200.13%-7,536-50.17%15,020
York18,72647.47%20,68552.44%360.09%-1,959-4.97%39,447
Totals2,417,11554.37%2,019,91145.44%8,5090.19%397,2048.93%4,445,535
Shift by county
Trend by county
Legend
  •   Democratic—+>15%
  •   Democratic — +12.5−15%
  •   Democratic — +10−12.5%
  •   Democratic — +7.5-10%
  •   Democratic — +5−7.5%
  •   Democratic — +2.5−5%
  •   Democratic — +0−2.5%
  •   Republican — +0−2.5%
  •   Republican — +2.5−5%
  •   Republican — +5−7.5%
  •   Republican — +7.5−10%
  •   Republican — +10−12.5%
  •   Republican — +12.5−15%
  •   Republican — >15%
County flips
Legend

  • Democratic

      Hold

    Republican

      Hold
      Gain from Democratic

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to Republican

By congressional district

[edit]

Kaine won seven of 11 congressional districts, including one that elected a Republican.[92]

DistrictKaineCaoRepresentative
1st48%52%Rob Wittman
2nd51%49%Jen Kiggans
3rd69%31%Bobby Scott
4th68%32%Jennifer McClellan
5th45%55%Bob Good (118th Congress)
John McGuire (119th Congress)
6th41%59%Ben Cline
7th53%46%Abigail Spanberger (118th Congress)
Eugene Vindman (119th Congress)
8th75%25%Don Beyer
9th33%67%Morgan Griffith
10th55%45%Jennifer Wexton (118th Congress)
Suhas Subramanyam (119th Congress)
11th67%32%Gerry Connolly

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^$528,167 of this total was self-funded by Emord
  2. ^Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  3. ^abKey:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  4. ^"Blank/Null/Won't vote" with 1%
  5. ^"Refused" with 2%; "Some other candidate" with 1%
  6. ^abc"Would not vote" with 1%
  7. ^"Refused" with 3%; "Someone else" with 2%
  8. ^"None/Wouldn't Vote" with 5%
  9. ^"Someone else" with 10%
  10. ^"Someone else" with 4%
  11. ^"Another party" with 5%
  12. ^"Another party" with 4%
  13. ^"Another party" with 7%
  14. ^"Another party" with 6%
  15. ^"Wouldn't vote" with 8%; "Someone else" with 6%
  16. ^None/Would not vote with 2%, other with 1%
  17. ^None/Would not vote with 5%, other with 5%

Partisan clients

  1. ^Poll sponsored byThe Hill andNexstar
  2. ^Poll sponsored by University of Mary Washington
  3. ^Poll sponsored byThe Hill
  4. ^Poll sponsored by Virginians Against Neighborhood Slot Machines

References

[edit]
  1. ^Salamy, Elissa (November 5, 2024)."Kaine wins re-election for Virginia Senate". Fox 5 Washington D.C. RetrievedNovember 5, 2024.
  2. ^Manchester, Julia (November 5, 2024)."Tim Kaine wins reelection in Virginia".The Hill. RetrievedNovember 5, 2024.
  3. ^"2024 State Primary Election Dates".www.ncsl.org. RetrievedMay 13, 2023.
  4. ^"Live election results: 2020 Virginia results".www.politico.com. RetrievedApril 20, 2023.
  5. ^Oliver, Ned (March 3, 2021)."Democrats have controlled Virginia government for two years. Here's what they've done".Virginia Mercury. RetrievedApril 20, 2023.
  6. ^"GOP sweeps statewide races with 2 down-ballot wins".AP NEWS. November 2, 2021. RetrievedApril 20, 2023.
  7. ^"Virginia Elections Database » 2012 U.S. Senate General Election".Virginia Elections Database. RetrievedApril 20, 2023.
  8. ^"Virginia | Full Senate results".www.cnn.com. RetrievedApril 20, 2023.
  9. ^abFlynn, Meagan; Vozzella, Laura (January 20, 2023)."Va. Sen. Tim Kaine says he will seek another term".The Washington Post. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  10. ^ab"GIFFORDS PAC Endorses Senator Tim Kaine for Reelection".Giffords. February 22, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2024.
  11. ^ab"NextGen PAC Endorses Senator Tim Kaine Ahead of 2024 Elections".NextGen America PAC. May 10, 2023. RetrievedMay 10, 2023.
  12. ^"2024 – Feminist Majority PAC".feministmajoritypac.org. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2024.
  13. ^"Presenting the official Spring 2024 Harvard Dems Endorsement Results! Congratulations to all who were endorsed! 🫶🏻✨".www.instagram.com. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2024.
  14. ^"2024 Endorsements".2024 Endorsements. RetrievedMarch 25, 2024.
  15. ^"Jewish Dems: President Biden Stands with Israel".Jewish Democratic Council of America. RetrievedMay 10, 2024.
  16. ^"Meet JAC's 2024 Candidates | Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs".jacpac.org. Archived fromthe original on September 1, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2023.
  17. ^"Tim Kaine".JStreetPAC. October 16, 2023. RetrievedAugust 26, 2023.
  18. ^"LCV Action Fund Announces First Round of Congressional Endorsements".League of Conservation Voters. RetrievedJuly 27, 2023.
  19. ^"2024 Endorsed Candidates".LGBT+ Democrats of Virginia. RetrievedMay 6, 2024.
  20. ^NCPSSM."National Seniors' Advocacy Group Endorses Sen. Tim Kaine for Re-Election".NCPSSM. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024.
  21. ^Dison, Denis (September 20, 2023)."NRDC Action Fund Endorses 51 House, Senate Incumbents".NRDC Action Fund. RetrievedSeptember 20, 2023.
  22. ^"2024 Endorsements".Population Connection Action Fund. RetrievedAugust 25, 2023.
  23. ^"2024 Endorsements | Sierra Club Independent Action".www.sierraclubindependentaction.org. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2024.
  24. ^"Virginia – COMPAC Endorsements".United Mine Workers of America. RetrievedApril 2, 2024.
  25. ^abc"2024 Election United States Senate – Virginia".fec.gov.Federal Election Commission. RetrievedAugust 11, 2023.
  26. ^Valentine, Jesse (March 29, 2024)."GOP Senate candidate Hung Cao blames racial equity for Baltimore bridge tragedy".American Journal News. RetrievedMay 27, 2024.
  27. ^Metzger, Bryan."GOP Senate candidate Hung Cao warns of 'witchcraft' happening in California: 'We can't let that happen in Virginia'".Business Insider. RetrievedMay 27, 2024.
  28. ^Beyer, Elizabeth (April 15, 2024)."Unleash America was supposed to be about supporting Va. candidates. But the money didn't go there".NewsLeader.com. RetrievedMay 28, 2024.
  29. ^Beyer, Elizabeth (May 9, 2024)."Candidate for U.S. Senate in Virginia responds to super PAC allegations, misuse of funds".NewsLeader.com. RetrievedMay 28, 2024.
  30. ^Schmidt, Markus (May 23, 2024)."GOP U.S. Senate candidate from NoVa doubles down on 'podunk' comments, says driving to Abingdon for debate is 'just ridonkulous'".CardinalNews.org. RetrievedMay 28, 2024.
  31. ^abIannelli, Nick (May 27, 2024)."Republican US Senate candidate in Virginia 'honored' to receive Trump endorsement".WTOP. RetrievedMay 27, 2024.
  32. ^Minock, Nick (July 18, 2023)."Hung Cao launches website and files paperwork to run for 2024 US Senate race in Virginia".WJLA.com.
  33. ^Churchill, Victoria (January 31, 2023)."Constitutional Litigator Jonathan Emord Announces U.S. Senate Run".The Republican Standard. RetrievedJanuary 31, 2023.
  34. ^Rankin, Sarah (January 20, 2023)."Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia to seek reelection".AP News.Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. RetrievedApril 21, 2023.
  35. ^Rankin, Sarah (April 3, 2023)."Scott Parkinson runs for Tim Kaine's seat".The Virginia Pilot. Archived fromthe original on April 3, 2023.
  36. ^Martz, Michael (August 5, 2023)."Meet the 8 Republicans (and counting) who want to unseat Sen. Tim Kaine".Richmond Times-Dispatch. RetrievedAugust 26, 2023.
  37. ^"Bob McDonnell endorses Hung Cao for Senate". May 16, 2024. RetrievedNovember 28, 2024.
  38. ^"A true patriot's endosement".PoliticalEmails.Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2024.
  39. ^ab"U.S. Senate Candidate Jonathan Emord Receives the Endorsements of Ron Paul and Barry Goldwater, Jr".FOX 59. March 14, 2023. RetrievedMarch 15, 2023.
  40. ^abcdefghiJohnson, Julia (May 2023)."Tim Kaine GOP challenger holds fundraiser with Trump and DeSantis supporters alike".Washington Examiner. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2024.
  41. ^abcdefHazard, Charlotte."Ex-DeSantis Hill staffer runs for U.S. Senate, says pandemic was his call for change".Just the News. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2024.
  42. ^abShipley, Jonathan (May 31, 2023)."Former Baraboo resident eyes Virginia Senate".News Republic. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2024.
  43. ^Martz, Michael (February 2, 2024)."Here's how much money Sen. Tim Kaine has raised in bid for new term". Richmond Times Dispatch. RetrievedApril 21, 2024.
  44. ^ab"David N. Bossie and Citizens United Political Victory Fund Endorse Scott Parkinson for U.S. Senate from Virginia".cupvf.com. April 24, 2023. RetrievedMay 1, 2023.
  45. ^Cantor, Dave (March 20, 2024)."These are the GOP candidates hoping to unseat Sen. Tim Kaine".VPM. RetrievedMay 5, 2024.
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  47. ^"2024 Senate Race ratings".Cook Political Report. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2023.
  48. ^"Election Ratings".Elections Daily. August 1, 2023. RetrievedAugust 2, 2023.
  49. ^"Senate Ratings".Inside Elections. January 6, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023.
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  52. ^"'24 Senate Forecast".CNalysis. RetrievedNovember 21, 2023.
  53. ^"Battle for the Senate 2024".RealClearPolitics. RetrievedAugust 5, 2024.
  54. ^"2024 Senate Forecast".Split Ticket. May 25, 2023. RetrievedOctober 23, 2024.
  55. ^"2024 Election Forecast".FiveThirtyEight. Archived fromthe original on November 1, 2024. RetrievedNovember 2, 2024.
  56. ^Vozzella, Laura (October 16, 2024)."Former GOP Rep. Riggleman endorses Democratic Sen. Kaine of Virginia".The Washington Post. RetrievedOctober 16, 2024.
  57. ^Vozzella, Laura (October 16, 2024)."Former GOP Rep. Riggleman endorses Democratic Sen. Kaine of Virginia".The Washington Post. RetrievedOctober 16, 2024.
  58. ^"CASA in Action Announces Its 2024 Virginia General Election Endorsements".CASA in Action (Press release). August 23, 2024. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2024.
  59. ^"People For Endorses Seven New and Incumbent Senate Candidates in "Defend the Senate" Campaign".People for the American Way (Press release). July 29, 2024. RetrievedJuly 29, 2024.
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  61. ^"Congratulations @hungcaova! Hung Cao will make a great Senator for Virginia and I am proud to endorse him – let's take back the U.S. Senate!". June 18, 2024. RetrievedNovember 28, 2024.
  62. ^"2024 Endorsed Candidates".logcabin.org. RetrievedNovember 28, 2024.
  63. ^"National Federation of Independent Business endorses Hung Cao for U.S Senate". RetrievedNovember 28, 2024.
  64. ^FiveThirtyEight
  65. ^RealClearPolitics
  66. ^270toWin
  67. ^TheHill/DDHQ
  68. ^AtlasIntel
  69. ^Research Co.
  70. ^Chism Strategies
  71. ^Cygnal (R)
  72. ^Roanoke College
  73. ^ActiVote
  74. ^The Washington Post/
    George Mason University
  75. ^ActiVote
  76. ^Christopher Newport University
  77. ^Emerson College
  78. ^Research America
  79. ^The Washington Post/
    George Mason University
  80. ^ActiVote
  81. ^Roanoke College
  82. ^Emerson College
  83. ^Mainstreet Research/FAU
  84. ^NYT/Siena College
  85. ^Virginia Commonwealth University
  86. ^Fabrizio Ward (R)/
    Impact Research (D)
  87. ^Virginia Commonwealth University
  88. ^University of Mary Washington
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  92. ^https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::bc930c25-236f-46a7-bbe9-d8d77e21d011

External links

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