2023 United States state legislative elections Map of upper house elections: Democrats retained control Republicans retained control Special elections held
Map of lower house elections: Democrats gained control Democrats retained control Republicans retained control Special elections held
The2023 United States state legislative elections were held on November 7, 2023, for eight state legislative chambers in four states.[ 1] off-year elections coincided with otherstate and local elections , includinggubernatorial elections in three states .Special elections were held throughout the year in several states.
TheDemocratic Party flipped control of Virginia's lower house, theHouse of Delegates , which ithad lost two years earlier, andretained its majority in Virginia's upper house, theSenate . Democrats alsoexpanded their majority in theNew Jersey Legislature . TheRepublican Party strengthened its majorities in theMississippi andLouisiana legislatures.
Regularly scheduled elections were held in 8 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections were or are to be held for 578 of the 7,383 legislative seats. This table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections may take place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.
Election predictions [ edit ] Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state'sCook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.
Most election predictors use:
"Tossup ": No advantage "Tilt ": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean" "Lean ": Slight advantage "Likely ": Significant, but surmountable, advantage "Safe " or "Solid ": Near-certain chance of victory All seats of theLouisiana State Senate and theLouisiana House of Representatives were up for election to four-year terms in 2023. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
All seats of theMississippi State Senate and theMississippi House of Representatives were up for election to four-year terms in 2023. Republicans retained control of both chambers.
All seats of theNew Jersey Senate and theNew Jersey General Assembly were up for election. In 2023, senators were elected to four-year terms in single-member districts, while Assembly members were elected to two-year terms in two-member districts.[ 5]
All seats of theVirginia Senate and theVirginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2023. Senators were elected to four-year terms, while delegates serve terms of two years. At the time of the elections, the Democrats controlled the Senate while the Republicans controlled the House of Delegates. Following the elections, the Democrats flipped control of the House of Delegates and held on to the Senate with a reduced majority.
There were fifty-one state legislative special elections scheduled for 2023.[ 6] Virginia Senate on January 10 and a seat in theNew Hampshire House of Representatives on September 19.[ 7] [ 8] Maine House of Representatives on June 13 and a seat in theMassachusetts Senate on November 7.
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 37 Ruth Briggs King Republican 2009(special) Incumbent resigned November 15, 2023, after moving out of her district.[ 13] December 21, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 24 Joe Harding Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned December 8, 2022, after being indicted for wire fraud and money laundering.[ 15] May 16, 2023 . House 118 Juan Fernandez-Barquin Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned June 11, 2023, to become clerk of the court and comptroller ofMiami-Dade County .[ 17] December 5, 2023 . ▌ Y Mike Redondo ▌ Johnny Farias (Democratic) 45.6%▌ Francisco De La Paz (Independent) 2.6%[ 18]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 7 David Ralston Republican 2002 Incumbent died November 16, 2022, after a long illness.[ 19] January 31, 2023, after no one received over 50% of the vote on January 3, 2023. First round: ▌ Y Sheree Ralston (Republican) 45.0%▌ Y Johnny Chastain ▌ Justin Heitman (Republican) 7.4%▌ Brian Pritchard (Republican) 6.2%▌ Richie Stone (Republican) 2.1%[ 20] Runoff: ▌ Y Johnny Chastain ▌ Sheree Ralston (Republican) 47.2%[ 21] House 119 Terry England Redistricted from the 116th district Republican 2004 Incumbent's term expired January 9, 2023. Representative-electDanny Rampey withdrew prior to being seated, after being arrested for stealing prescription narcotics.[ 22] February 28, 2023, after no one received over 50% of the vote on January 31, 2023. First round: ▌ Y Holt Persinger ▌ Y Charles Chase III (Republican) 25.5%▌ Bill Ritter (Republican) 18.3%▌ Renee Lord (Republican) 12.4%▌ Shelbey Diamond Alexander (Democratic) 11.7%▌ Joseph Grodzicki (Republican) 2.2%▌ Joe Price (Republican) 2.0%[ 23] Runoff: ▌ Y Holt Persinger ▌ Charles Chase III (Republican) 40.7%[ 24] House 172 Sam Watson Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned December 30, 2022, to run forState Senate .[ 25] January 31, 2023 . Senate 11 Dean Burke Republican 2013(special) Incumbent resigned December 31, 2022, to become chief medical officer of the Georgia Department of Community Health.[ 27] January 31, 2023 . ▌ Y Sam Watson ▌ Mary Weaver-Anderson (Democratic) 23.0%▌ John Monds (Libertarian) 1.0%[ 28] House 75 Mike Glanton Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned January 24, 2023, for health reasons.[ 29] March 21, 2023 . ▌ Y Eric Bell II ▌ Herman Andrews (Democratic) 27.0%▌ Della Ashley (Republican) 11.4%[ 30] House 68 Tish Naghise Democratic 2022 Incumbent died March 8, 2023, of a recent illness.[ 31] June 13, 2023, after no one received over 50% of the vote on May 16, 2023. First round: ▌ Y Mark Baker (Democratic) 33.1%▌ Y Derrick Jackson ▌ Taiwo Idowu (Democratic) 17.6%▌ Jane Williams (Democratic) 13.5%▌ John Culbreth (Democratic) 3.6%[ 32] Runoff: ▌ Y Derrick Jackson ▌ Mark Baker (Democratic) 49.6%[ 33]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 93 Royce Duplessis Democratic 2018(special) Incumbent resigned December 6, 2022, to join theState Senate .[ 40] March 25, 2023, after no one received over 50% of the vote on February 18, 2023. First round: ▌ Y Sibil "Fox" Richardson (Democratic) 37.2%▌ Y Alonzo Knox ▌ Steven Kennedy (Democratic) 10.5%▌ Morgan Clevenger (Democratic) 10.3%▌ Matthew Hill (Republican) 7.0%▌ Naj Wallace (Democratic) 4.4%[ 41] Runoff: ▌ Y Alonzo Knox ▌ Sibil "Fox" Richardson (Democratic) 45.7%[ 42]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 45 Clinton Collamore Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned February 16, 2023, after being indicted for forging signatures to qualify for public campaign funds.[ 43] [ 44] June 13, 2023 .gain . House 50 Sean Paulhus Democratic 2019(special) Incumbent resigned July 14, 2023, to becomeregister of probate ofSagadahoc County .[ 46] November 7, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House Suffolk 9 Jon Santiago Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned March 1, 2023, to become Massachusetts' Secretary of the Executive Office of Veterans' Services.[ 48] May 30, 2023 . House Suffolk 10 Ed Coppinger Democratic 2010 Incumbent resigned February 28, 2023, to become head of government affairs of the Massachusetts Biotechnology Council.[ 50] May 30, 2023 . Senate Worcester and Hampshire Anne Gobi Democratic 2014 Incumbent resigned June 4, 2023, to become Massachusetts' Director of Rural Affairs of the Executive Office of Economic Development.[ 51] November 7, 2023 .gain .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 52B Ruth Richardson DFL 2018 Incumbent resigned September 1, 2023, to focus on her role as president and CEO ofPlanned Parenthood North Central States.[ 53] December 5, 2023 . ▌ Y Bianca Virnig ▌ Cynthia Lonnquist (Republican) 40.9%▌ Charles Kuchlenz (Libertarian) 0.9%[ 54]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 23 Charles Beckett Republican 2003 Incumbent resigned September 22, 2022, to become executive director of the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff.[ 55] January 31, 2023, after no one received over 50% of the vote on January 10, 2023.[ c]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House Strafford 8 Chuck Grassie Democratic 2016 Regular election tied, resulting in a do-over election.[ 59] February 21, 2023 . House Hillsborough 3 Stacie-Marie Laughton Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned December 22, 2022, after being arrested for stalking.[ 61] May 16, 2023 . House Grafton 16 Joshua Adjutant Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned April 1, 2023, after suffering a head injury while working as a security officer.[ 63] August 22, 2023 . House Rockingham 1 Benjamin T. Bartlett IV Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned April 26, 2023, for health reasons.[ 65] September 19, 2023 .gain . ▌ Y Hal Rafter ▌ Jim Guzofski (Republican) 44.1%[ 8] House Hillsborough 3 David Cote Democratic 1982 Incumbent resigned July 5, 2023, due to health issues.[ d] [ 66] November 7, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates Assembly 27 Daniel Rosenthal Democratic 2017(special) Incumbent resigned July 14, 2023, to take a position atUJA-Federation of New York .[ 68] September 12, 2023 . ▌ Y Sam Berger ▌ ▌ David Hirsch (Republican) 44.5%▌ Write-in 0.2%[ 69]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates Senate 27 John Gordner Republican 2003(special) Incumbent resigned November 30, 2022, to become counsel to incomingPresident pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate Kim Ward .[ 72] elected January 31, 2023 . House 32 Anthony DeLuca Democratic 1982 Incumbent died October 9, 2022, of lymphoma.[ 74] elected February 7, 2023 .[ e] House 34 Summer Lee Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned December 7, 2022, to become aU.S. representative .[ 77] elected February 7, 2023 .[ e] House 35 Austin Davis Democratic 2018(special) Incumbent resigned December 7, 2022, to becomeLieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania .[ 77] elected February 7, 2023 .[ e] House 108 Lynda Schlegel Culver Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned February 28, 2023, to join theState Senate .[ 80] May 16, 2023 . ▌ Y Michael Stender ▌ Trevor Finn (Democratic) 38.2%▌ Elijah Scretching (Libertarian) 3.5%[ 81] House 163 Michael Zabel Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned March 16, 2023, following accusations of sexual harassment.[ 82] May 16, 2023 . ▌ Y Heather Boyd ▌ Katie Ford (Republican) 38.6%▌ Alfe Goodwin (Libertarian) 1.2%[ 83] House 21 Sara Innamorato Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned July 19, 2023, to focus on hercampaign for Allegheny County executive .[ 84] September 19, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Senator Party First Results Candidates Senate 1 Maryellen Goodwin Democratic 1986 Incumbent died April 15, 2023, of colorectal cancer.[ 86] November 7, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates Senate 42 Marlon Kimpson Democratic 2013(special) Incumbent resigned May 11, 2023, after an appointment to the Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations within theOffice of the U.S. Trade Representative .[ 88] November 7, 2023 . ▌ Y Deon Tedder ▌ Rosa Kay (Republican) 17.9%▌ Write-in 0.4%[ 89]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 86 Barbara Cooper Democratic 1996 Incumbent died October 25, 2022.[ 90] March 14, 2023 .[ f] House 3 Scotty Campbell Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned April 20, 2023, after an ethics subcommittee found he sexually harassed two interns.[ 93] August 3, 2023. [ g] House 52 Justin Jones Democratic 2022 Incumbentexpelled April 6, 2023, after violating decorum rules.[ 96] August 3, 2023. [ h] House 86 Justin J. Pearson Democratic 2023(special) Incumbentexpelled April 6, 2023, after violating decorum rules.[ 96] August 3, 2023. [ i] House 51 Bill Beck Democratic 2014 Incumbent died June 4, 2023, of a heart attack.[ 101] September 14, 2023 .[ j] ▌ Y Aftyn Behn ▌ David Hooven (Republican) 21.5%▌ Annabelle Lee (Independent) 2.9%[ 103]
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates House 24 Ronnie Campbell Republican 2018(special) Incumbent died December 13, 2022, of cancer.[ 104] January 10, 2023 . House 35 Mark Keam Democratic 2009 Incumbent resigned September 6, 2022, to become Deputy Assistant Secretary for Travel and Tourism within theInternational Trade Administration .[ 106] January 10, 2023 . Senate 7 Jen Kiggans Republican 2019 Incumbent resigned November 15, 2022, to become aU.S. representative .[ 108] elected January 10, 2023 .gain . ▌ Y Aaron Rouse ▌ Kevin Adams (Republican) 49.1%▌ Write-in 0.1%[ 109] Senate 9 Jennifer McClellan Democratic 2017(special) Incumbent resigned March 7, 2023, to become aU.S. representative .[ 110] March 28, 2023 . ▌ Y Lamont Bagby ▌ Stephen Imholt (Republican) 9.9%▌ Write-in 0.3%[ 111] House 6 Jeff Campbell Republican 2013 Incumbent resigned July 14, 2023, to assume a judicial appointment.[ 112] August 29, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Candidates Senate 8 Alberta Darling Republican 1992 Incumbent resigned December 1, 2022, for personal reasons.[ 114] April 4, 2023 . Assembly 24 Dan Knodl Republican 2008 Incumbent resigned May 3, 2023, to join theState Senate .[ 116] July 18, 2023 .
District Incumbent This race Chamber No. Representative Party First Results Vote House 8 Paul Holvey Democratic 2004(appointed) Recall election failedOctober 3, 2023 .[ 118] N No 90.0%Yes 10.0%
^ TheAlaska House of Representatives is controlled by a coalition of 19 Republicans, 2 Democrats, and 2 Independents. TheAlaska Senate is controlled by agrand coalition of 9 Democrats and 8 Republicans. ^ The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system. ^ Special elections in Mississippi are officially nonpartisan. However, the candidate qualifying list for the 2023 Mississippi elections indicates that Perry Van Bailey and Andrew Stepp are Republicans, while Andy Clark is an independent.[ 56] ^ Cote was never officially sworn in for the 2023 session and did not cast a single vote. ^a b c Democratic Majority Leader of thePennsylvania House of Representatives Joanna McClinton scheduled the special election for February 7. However, Republican Minority LeaderBryan Cutler unsuccessfully sought to wait until May 13 as an attempt to delay the Democrats from leading the chamber.[ 75] ^ Justin J. Pearson was appointed as interim representative by theShelby County Board of Commissioners on January 25.[ 91] ^ Timothy Hill was appointed as interim representative by theJohnson County Commission on May 11.[ 94] ^ Justin Jones was appointed as interim representative by theNashville Metro Council on April 10.[ 97] ^ Justin J. Pearson was appointed as interim representative by theShelby County Board of Commissioners on April 12.[ 99] ^ Anthony Davis was appointed as interim representative by theNashville Metro Council on June 20.[ 102] ^ "State legislative elections, 2023" .Ballotpedia . RetrievedMay 22, 2022 .^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List" .Cook Political Report . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^ "2023–24 State House Elections Map" . November 2, 2023. RetrievedNovember 2, 2023 .^ "Election Ratings" . November 2, 2023. RetrievedNovember 2, 2023 .^ "New Jersey Secretary of State" .state.nj.us .^ "State legislative special elections, 2023" .Ballotpedia . 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RetrievedDecember 17, 2023 .^ Miles, Kyra (September 2, 2023)."Minnesota State Rep. Ruth Richardson resigns to focus on Planned Parenthood role" .KNOW-FM . RetrievedSeptember 3, 2023 . ^ "Results for State Representative District 52B" .Minnesota Secretary of State . November 7, 2023. RetrievedDecember 5, 2023 .^ Arbuckle, Alyssa (September 23, 2022)."Reeves appoints two new executive directors, one district attorney" .Supertalk Mississippi . RetrievedJanuary 8, 2023 . ^ "2023 Candidate Qualifying List" (PDF) .Mississippi Secretary of State . June 20, 2023. RetrievedAugust 2, 2023 .^ Ford, Craig (January 10, 2023)."Special election for Mississippi House District 23 goes to a runoff" .WTVA . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 . ^ Ford, Craig (February 8, 2023)."Winner determined in runoff for local seat in Mississippi House" .WTVA . RetrievedFebruary 9, 2023 . ^ Russell, Jenna (December 12, 2022)."After an Election Tie in New Hampshire, a Do-Over Without the Drama" .The New York Times . RetrievedDecember 12, 2022 . ^ West, Nancy (February 21, 2023)."Grassie Wins Ward 4 Rochester House Seat in Special Election" .InDepthNH.org . RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023 . ^ Feely, Paul (December 27, 2022)."Nashua state Rep. Laughton resigns House seat" .New Hampshire Union Leader . RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023 . ^ Landrigan, Kevin (May 16, 2023)."NH House GOP majority shrinks after Dems special election win" .New Hampshire Union Leader . RetrievedMay 18, 2023 . ^ Doyle-Burr, Nora (April 4, 2023)."Enfield state rep resigns seat following head injury" .Valley News . RetrievedApril 5, 2023 . ^ Kisluk, Jessica (August 22, 2023)."Democrat David Fracht wins special election in Enfield for New Hampshire House" .WMUR-TV . RetrievedAugust 23, 2023 . ^ Burack, Beatrice (April 26, 2023)."Citing poor health, Nottingham Republican House member steps down" .New Hampshire Bulletin . RetrievedApril 7, 2023 . ^ Bookman, Todd (July 5, 2023)."After extended health-related absence, Nashua state lawmaker who sued for remote participation resigns" .New Hampshire Public Radio . RetrievedJuly 5, 2023 . ^ Downey, KC (November 8, 2023)."Democrat wins special election for New Hampshire House seat; balance of power now tighter" .WMUR-TV . RetrievedNovember 8, 2023 . ^ Kornbluh, Jacob (June 13, 2023)."Queens lawmaker resigning to take top job at Jewish philanthropy" .The Forward . RetrievedJune 13, 2023 . ^ "Member of the Assembly 27th Assembly District" .New York City Board of Elections . September 12, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 12, 2023 .^ Patterson, Matt (July 7, 2023)."Sen. John Michael Montgomery resignation will trigger SD 32 special election" .NonDoc . RetrievedJuly 8, 2023 . ^ "For State Senator District 32 (Unexpired Term)" .Oklahoma State Election Board . November 7, 2023. RetrievedDecember 17, 2023 .^ "Pa. 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RetrievedAugust 4, 2023 .^ Guerry, Colleen (June 4, 2023)."State Rep. Bill Beck dies at age 61" .WKRN-TV . RetrievedJune 4, 2023 . ^ Rau, Nate (June 21, 2023)."Nashville council appoint Anthony Davis to state House" .Axios . RetrievedAugust 4, 2023 . ^ "September 14, 2023 Election Results (Unofficial)" .Davidson County Election Commission . September 14, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 14, 2023 .^ Geary, Justin (December 13, 2022)."Delegate Ronnie Campbell dies" .WDBJ . RetrievedDecember 15, 2022 . ^ "2023 January House 24 Special Election" .Virginia Department of Elections . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^ Moomaw, Graham (September 6, 2022)."Democrat Mark Keam stepping down from Virginia House" .Virginia Mercury . RetrievedJanuary 8, 2023 . ^ "Member House of Delegates – 035 (Fairfax County)" .Virginia Department of Elections . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^ Mirshahi, Dean (November 15, 2022)."Special election to fill Kiggans' Virginia Senate seat set for Jan. 10" .WRIC-TV . RetrievedJanuary 8, 2023 . ^ "Member Senate of Virginia – 7th District (Norfolk City–Virginia Beach City)" .Virginia Department of Elections . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^ Duster, Chandelis (February 21, 2023)."Jennifer McClellan will win special election and become Virginia's first Black congresswoman" .CNN . RetrievedFebruary 21, 2023 . ^ "Member, Senate of Virginia (Charles City County–Hanover County–Henrico County–Richmond City)" .Virginia Department of Elections . March 28, 2023. RetrievedApril 3, 2023 .^ Moomaw, Graham (August 4, 2023)."Virginia lawmaker's promotion to judge triggers unusual special election" .Virginia Mercury . RetrievedAugust 4, 2023 . ^ "August 29, 2023 Special Election" .Virginia Department of Elections . August 29, 2023. RetrievedAugust 29, 2023 .^ "Longtime GOP Sen. Alberta Darling says she'll step down" .Associated Press . RetrievedNovember 23, 2022 .^ Curtis, Lisa (April 4, 2023)."Wisconsin spring 2023 election results: State Senate District 8 seat" . RetrievedApril 5, 2023 . ^ McKillen, Thomas J. (May 4, 2023)."Knodl sworn in to 8th District Senate seat" .Express News . RetrievedMay 4, 2023 . ^ Karnopp, Hope (July 18, 2023)."Republican Melotik defeats Tatterson in special election for Assembly seat" .Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . RetrievedJuly 19, 2023 . ^ VanderHart, Dirk (October 4, 2023)."Eugene voters reject recall against state Rep. Paul Holvey in resounding fashion" .OPB . RetrievedOctober 5, 2023 .
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