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The2021 South Korean by-elections were held inSouth Korea on 7 April 2021.[1] TheNational Election Commission announced on 2 March 2021, that the by-elections would be held for 21 public offices or electoral districts, including 2 Metropolitan mayors, 2 Municipal mayors, 8 Metropolitan Council constituencies, and 9 Municipal Council constituencies.[1] Candidate registration ran from 18 to 19 March, and the list of candidates was confirmed on 26 March.[2]
Voters in the by-elections were able to accessearly voting from 06:00–18:00KST on 2 and 3 April.[2] One early voting place was established for each district or county of the region where the re-election was conducted, and voters could vote at any pre-voting place in the district where the re-election was conducted, regardless of their address.[2] But onelection day, voters had to vote at their designated polling place, and the voting time was from 6 a.m. to 8 pm.[2]
The election concluded with the mayors ofSeoul andBusan, which are the largest city and the second-largest city inSouth Korea, respectively, being selected via by-election.[3] The two major political parties, theDemocratic Party and thePeople Power Party, were concentrating on these by-elections, as they believed that the outcome would have a great impact on the2022 presidential election.[3] TheDemocratic Party's candidatePark Young-sun, endorsed byKim Jinai (Open Democratic Party) andCho Jung-hun (Transition Korea), became the unity candidate of the ruling coalition.[4] For the opposition, the People Power Party'sOh Se-hoon became the unity candidate, endorsed byAhn Cheol-soo (People Party) and Keum Tae-seop (Independent).[5]
The reasons and offices (constituencies) for by-elections are as follows:[6]
The Democratic Party's constitution states that it cannot nominate any by-election candidates if the party caused the situation that made the by-election necessary. The Democratic Party held a vote on2 November 2020 to their members on amending the party's constitution and almost 87 percent voted in favor of the change. The main opposition party, People Power Party, criticized the Democratic Party's decision, accusing it of revictimizing the women who were allegedly sexually harassed by the late mayor and former mayor. People Power Party interim leader Kim Jong-in said "President Moon is trying to reverse the so-called 'Moon Jae-in article', which was created while he was the party leader", calling on the president to publicly take a position on the envisioned revision of the party rules.[7]
The rulingDemocratic Party have been speeding up the creation of a new investigative agency to weaken the power of the prosecution service.[8] This move was followed by the establishment ofCorruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials.[8]Yoon Suk-yeol, who had clashed with the Moon administration and Democratic Party,[9] publicly opposed the idea of separating powers of investigation and prosecution.[10]Minister of JusticePark Beom-kye said he will gather various opinions from members of the prosecution on establishing an agency that would handle serious crimes.[11] On 4 March 2021,Prosecutor GeneralYoon Suk-yeol announced his resignation in front of theSupreme Prosecutors' Office in protest against the government's push to weaken the power of the prosecution service.[12] On the same day, PresidentMoon Jae-in accepted the resignation.[13]
Prime MinisterChung Sye-kyun has expressed regret over the resignation.[14] The main oppositionPeople Power Party's interim leaderKim Chong-in said he would meet with Yoon if he wants to.[15] On the other hand, leader of theDemocratic PartyLee Nak-yon has criticized Yoon, saying his resignation "out of the blue" was absurd for a public official.[15] But,Democratic Party's approval rating plunged to a record low since the 2017 inauguration of theMoon Jae-in government. Gallup Korea said the decrease in theDemocratic Party's approval rating apparently came with its recent conflict with formerProsecutor GeneralYoon Suk-yeol over creating a new investigative agency to take over the prosecution's investigative powers.[16] Public support for Yoon Suk-yeol rose sharply to take the lead over other potential presidential candidates in South Korea.[17] Some political critics analyzed thatYoon Seok-youl became a big variable in the 2021 by-elections.[18]
A property speculation scandal involving employees in South Korea's top housing agency, theKorea Land & Housing Corporation (LH), emerged in March 2021, becoming a factor in the by-elections.[19] The scandal involved 20 LH workers allegedly acting on insider information to buy undeveloped farmland near a new town development project in the Seoul region since April 2018, before the announcement of the project. There was public uproar as the scandal emerged amidst an ongoing housing affordability crisis in South Korea. Median apartment prices in Seoul have soared nearly 60% since President Moon came into office in May 2017, despite repeated property price cooling measures implemented by the Moon administration.[20] As a result, President Moon's approval ratings sank to 34%, the lowest approval rating of his term after the scandal emerged along with the administration's clash with the prosecution.[21][22]
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Seoul Metropolitan Mayor. Elected by simple majority usingfirst past the post. Triggered by death of incumbent | ||||||||||||||||
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The death ofPark Won-soon, the mayor of the largest city inSouth Korea, was hugely impactful on the 2021 by-elections.[23] This was even more shocking to South Koreans because he was a notedwomen's rights activist.[23][24] He fought against authoritarian rule in South Korea and was put in prison in the 1970s as a college student.[24] After becoming a lawyer, he took on many cases related towomen's rights. It was his well-known[citation needed] achievement that he won South Korea's firstsexual harassment case.[25] So, it was seen as a shock that the person who had been fighting for women rights committed suicide after his female employee accused him of sexual harassment.[26]
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Because of the sexual harassment incidents of incumbent mayors, each political party paid attention to female candidates.[27] In December 2020, the majority of the potential candidates inSeoul are women, showing the rival parties' bid to promote themselves as women-friendly.[28] Three women (Na Kyung-won,Cho Eun-hee andLee Hye-hoon) from the main oppositionPeople Power Party have announced their Seoul mayoral bids. The possible female candidates from theDemocratic side areMinister of SMEs and StartupsPark Young-sun andAnti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission ChairwomanJeon Hyun-hee.[28] In addition, political parties are considering adding or increasing women's additional points to the primary rules. The Democratic Party maintained the existing 10–25% of the women's additional point, and the People Power Party decided to reflect the women's additional points at 10% in the main primary race and 20% in the preliminary primary race.[29]
In 2011,South Korea held a by-election to fill vacantSeoul Mayor. MayorOh Se-hoon who was incumbent from 2006 to 2011 staked his mayoralty onSeoul free lunch referendum.Oh Se-hoon opposed to give free meals to all children, insisting that free lunch policy is "populism",[30][31] and promised that he will resign if the outcome of referendum is not in favor of his 'selective' policy. However, the referendum which turnout have to be exceed one third of electorate was invalidated by low turnout. Eventually, Mayor Oh resigned on 26 August 2011, as promised and2011 South Korean by-elections were held inSeoul for his replacement.[32]
Park Won-soon, who becomeMayor of Seoul forOh Se-hoon's replacement, had started as the underdog at the early phase. Then, Independent frontline runnerAhn Cheol-soo who had been a strong supporter of Park Won-soon's famous civic group endorsed him forMayor of Seoul.[33][34] Thanks to the support ofAhn Cheol-soo,Park Won-soon overtakenNa Kyung-won, the frontline runner of the rulingGrand National Party, in a poll.[35]
On 27 September 2011,Na Kyung-won who worked as theGNP's spokeswoman from 2006 to 2008 was nominated as theGNP candidate.[36][37] Meanwhile, the opposition coalition unified the candidate. Independent candidatePark Won-soon, Democratic candidatePark Young-sun and Democratic Labor candidateChoi Gyu-yeop participated in the candidate unification primary, andPark Won-soon won the primary and became the nominee of the opposition coalition.[38] On 26 October 2011,Park Won-soon was elected by 7.19%, winning 53.40% of the votes. On the other hand,Na Kyung-won won 46.21% of the votes and become second place.[39] So, there is a saying that it is similar to the2011 by-election in thatPark Young-sun,Na Kyung-won,Oh Se-hoon, andAhn Chul-soo, who were involved in the 2011 mayoral by-election, are running for the Seoul mayoral by-election in 2021.[40]
| # | Party | Name | Date of birth | Career | Property (KRW, thousand) | Tax payment (KRW, thousand) | Criminal record | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Democratic Party of Korea | Park Young-sun | January 22, 1960 (age65) | Fmr.Minister of SMEs and Startups Fmr. Member of theNational Assembly (2004–2020) | 5,669,123 | 1,115,967 | None | |
| 2 | People Power Party | Oh Se-hoon | January 4, 1961 (age64) | Fmr.Mayor of Seoul (2006–2011) Fmr. Member of theNational Assembly (2000–2004) | 5,934,143 | 209,692 | None | |
| Withdrew | ||||||||
| 6 | Basic Income Party | Shin Ji-hye | October 22, 1987 (age38) | Standing Leader of theBasic Income Party Fmr. Teacher of the Poidong Inyeon Study | 77,709 | 27,779 | None | |
| 7 | National Revolutionary Party | Huh Kyung-young | July 13, 1947 (age78) | Fmr. South Korean Presidential Candidate (1997 & 2007) Honorary President of theNational Revolutionary Party | 7,262,241 | 1,907,142 | 3 records
| |
| 8 | Mirae Party | Oh Tae-yang | October 26, 1975 (age50) | Leader of theMirae Party Fmr. Secretary-General of the Youth Party | 0 | 159 | 1 record
| |
| 9 | Minsaeng Party | Lee Su-bong | June 23, 1961 (age64) | Interim Leader of theMinsaeng Party (ERC) Fmr. Director of the Policy Institute of theKCTU | 318,000 | 2,110 | 1 record
| |
| 10 | New United Liberal Democrats | Bae Yeong-gyu | February 25, 1961 (age64) | Fmr. Chairman of the Sambu Construction Legal Consultant of the Samsung Insurance | 10,000 | 4,446 | 5 records
| |
| 11 | Women's Party | Kim Jin-ah | August 1, 1975 (age50) | Fmr. Creative Director of the Innocean Worldwide Writer of "I'm just looking for my pie, I'm not here to save humanity" | 245,100 | 7,803 | None | |
| 12 | Progressive Party | Song Myeong-suk | January 23, 1987 (age38) | Co-Leader of the Progressive Party Director of the Central Training Institute of the Progressive Party | -7,118 | 301 | 1 record
| |
| 13 | Independent | Chung Dong-hui | September 8, 1968 (age57) | Writer of "Seoul Mayor, 12 Stars", "3 o'clock Korea" etc. Fmr. Candidate for South Korean National Assembly in Gangnam I (2020) | 2,327,306 | 307,760 | None | |
| 14 | Independent | Lee Do-yeop | June 14, 1984 (age41) | Military Interpreter atKorean Augmentation To the United States Army (Sergeant) Writer of "Jyushinji" | 112,900 | 0 | None | |
| 15 | Independent | Shin Ji-ye | June 20, 1990 (age35) | Leader of the Korean Women's Political Network Fmr. Green Party Candidate for Seoul Mayor (2018) | 0 | 3,473 | None | |
| Source:National Election CommissionArchived 20 March 2021 at theWayback Machine | ||||||||
 | |
|---|---|
| Park Young-sun | |
| for Mayor | |
 | |
| 2nd Minister of SMEs and Startups (2019–2021) | |
| Supported by | |
| Kim Jinai (Open Democratic) Cho Jung-hun (Transition Korea) | |
| Campaign | |
_for_Mayor_of_Seoul.png){kind=logo} | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Oh Se-hoon | |
| for Mayor | |
.jpg) | |
| 8th–9th Mayor of Seoul (2006–2011) | |
| Supported by | |
| Ahn Cheol-soo (People) Keum Tae-seop (Independent) | |
| CampaignArchived 3 April 2021 at theWayback Machine | |
.png){kind=logo} | |
Because offirst past the post voting, South Korean politicians often try 'candidate unification' by opinion polls not to split the voters of their side.[41] In 2021 Seoul mayoral by-election,People Power Party,People's Party andIndependent candidate Keum Tae-seop agreed to unify their candidacy. According to the procedure they agreed on, in the first phase, the independent Keum Tae-seop and the People's Party unites their candidacy, and the winner of the first stage unify with the People Power Party candidate in the second stage.[42] Meanwhile, the rulingDemocratic Party proposed unification toOpen Democratic Party andTransition Korea. The candidates of each party expressed their stance in favor of the candidate unification.[43]
As opposition coalition had announced their unified candidate on 23 March 2021, Seoul mayoral by-election became a two-way race between the pan-liberal candidatePark Young-sun and the pan-opposition candidateOh Se-hoon.[44]
Open Democratic Party candidateKim Jinai announced her resignation from theNational Assembly to run forSeoul Mayor on 2 March 2021, and demanded fair unification rule to the Democratic Party and their candidate Park Young-sun.[45] Candidate Kim insisted on debating three times for unification, but theDemocratic Party that worried about running out of time to promote their candidate balked at this idea.[46]
On 8 March 2021,Democratic candidatePark Young-sun won the 1st round of candidate unification primary againstTransition Korea candidateCho Jung-hun. Details of the poll results were not released to the public.[47]
On 17 March 2021, Park Young-sun defeatedOpen Democratic Party candidate Kim Jin-ae in 2nd round of unification primary.[4]
On 4 February 2021,People PartyAhn Cheol-soo andIndependentKeum Tae-seop began to discuss the details of their unification.[48] Both sides agreed to hold a TV debate on 18 February, but there were some conflict over the details.[49] In the debate,Ahn andKeum clashed over annualLGBTQ Pride parade.Keum Tae-seop askedAhn if he would be willing to participate onPride parade if elected as themayor of Seoul.[50]Ahn Cheol-soo opposed annualPride parade in theGwanghwamun area, saying "If we hold the Queer Festival in the Gwanghwamun area, there will be people voluntarily coming to see the festival there, but there are also others who have to be in the area for other reasons or who visit with their children. Their rights to refuse such things should be respected as well."[51] Keum Tae-seop criticizedAhn's remarks in a radio interview the following day, saying he was disappointed as they lacked consideration for the basic human rights of theLGBTQ community.[50] And the progressiveJustice Party's Sexual Minority Committee criticizedAhn's view and demand an apology forLGBTQ people, stating "It is an open repression and oppression againstLGBTQ people by who do not viewLGBTQ as fellow citizens"[52]
On 1 March 2021, Ahn Cheol-soo won the 1st round of candidate unification primary. Details of the poll results were withheld in accordance with the National Election Commission's guidelines.[53] After that,Oh Se-hoon andAhn Cheol-soo have met and discussed on the unification process. They said both sides agreed on the need to field a unified candidate and that it would be desirable to do so before the candidate registration period expires.[54] On 16 March 2021,Ahn Cheol-soo said that he will seek to merge thePeople Party withPeople Power Party regardless of whether he defeatsOh Se-hoon in a unification primary.[55]Ahn hoped his plan would help ease concerns that he would abandon the PPP after becoming the unified candidate and launch a third party with formerProsecutor GeneralYoon Seok-youl, who is one of the leading potential 2022 presidential candidate.[55] But, on 18 March, the People Power Party and People's Party announced that they failed to make an agreement of procedures and other details before the registration period ends on 19 March.[56]
On 19 March,Ahn Cheol-soo announced that he would accept the PPP's conditions. But, on the same day, Oh Se-hoon pointed out that it has not been clarified as to what degree Ahn is willing to accept, and raised an issue with remarks by the People's Party secretary general, who said the percentage of landline phone survey results will be negotiated and the survey will include questions on who is a better candidate in terms of competitiveness.[57] The PPP had demanded 10 percent of the poll should be conducted through landline telephones and Ahn was known to have demanded the poll should only ask "competitiveness" of the candidates, not "adequacy".[58] Eventually,Oh Se-hoon andAhn Cheol-soo held a separate press conference at the same time on the same day.Oh Se-hoon announced that he will accept the Ahn's demand that all votes in the primary be cast via mobile phones and Ahn also announced that he will accept the PPP's demands on landline telephones.[58] Some view this strange concession as a strategy to woo more voters to their side.[58][59]
On 23 March, both campaigns jointly announcedOh Se-hoon's victory from two mobile surveys of a total 3,200 Seoul residents that evaluated the candidates' adequacy and competitiveness.[5]Ahn Cheol-soo said he accepts the outcome, before vowing to work hard to help the unified opposition bloc win the election.[60]Park Young-sun calledOh Se-hoon an outdated mayor who failed, while referring to herself as a mayor for the future.[61]
Democrats are worried about by-elections as two metropolitan mayors of their party dead or resigned due to sexual allegations.[62] The fact of the incident can not be confirmed as the investigation become impossible by death of Mayor Park, but it was said that it would be very disadvantageous to theDemocratic Party.[63] Moreover, sinceSeoul andBusan are the first and secondcities in South Korea by population, one of the biggest concerns of the Democratic Party is that this by-election which will be unfavorable to them may affect the2022 presidential election.[3]
On 1 March 2021, FormerMinister of SMEs and StartupsPark Young-sun won the primary and become theDemocratic Party nominee in 2021 Seoul mayoral by-election, defeating AssemblymanWoo Sang-ho.[64]
| Party | Candidate | Party members | Poll | SUM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | % | % | |||
| Democratic | Park Young-sun | 50,211 | 63.54 | 72.48 | 69.56 | |
| Democratic | Woo Sang-ho | 28,814 | 36.46 | 28.52 | 30.44 | |
| Turnout | 79,025 | 53.52 | ||||
| Registered electors | 147,642 | 100 | ||||
_(cropped).jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
On 4 March 2021,People Power Party announced the result and the winner of the primary. FormerSeoul MayorOh Se-hoon was selected as thePeople Power Party's candidate to run 2021 Seoul mayoral by-election.[68]Oh Se-hoon won 41.64 percent of the support and his primary rivalNa Kyung-won won 36.31 percent.[69]
| Party | Candidate | Poll (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Oh Se-hoon | 41.64 | |
| People Power | Na Kyung-won | 36.31 | |
| People Power | Cho Eun-hee | 16.47 | |
| People Power | Oh Shin-hwan | 10.39 | |
_(cropped).jpg)
OnFebruary 3, 2021, Justice Party decided not to field candidates in the April mayoral by-elections after its leader was expelled for a sexual abuse scandal.[77]
.jpg)
Kim Jin-ae was nominated as the candidate ofOpen Democratic Party on 9 February 2021. The Open Democratic Party announced on same day thatKim Jin-ae received 3660 votes (66.3%) out of the total number of votes 5518 in the primary, overtaking former lawmakerChung Bong-ju.Chung Bong-ju won 1858 votes (33.7%).[79]
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| No. | Date and time | Host | Programme | Broadcaster | Presenter(s) | Viewer rating | Candidates | Link | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P Participant A Absent invitee O Out of race (eliminated or withdrawn) N Non-invitee | Park Young-sun | Oh Se-hoon | Lee Su-bong | |||||||
| 1 | 29 March 2021; 22:40–24:20KST | MBC | MBC 100min Debate | MBC | Chung Jun-hee | 6.2%[90] | P | P | N | Youtube |
| 2 | 30 March 2021; 22:00–24:00KST | National Election Commission | 2021 Seoul Mayoral by-election invited candidate debate | KBS1/MBC | Park Tae-seo | 8.7%[90] | P | P | P | Website |
| 3 | 5 April 2021; 14:00–15:30KST | Korean Broadcasting Journalists Club | Korean Broadcasting Journalists Club invitational Debate | KBS1,MBC,SBS, YTN,MBN,CBS | Chung Kwan-yong | 2.1%[91] | P | P | N | Youtube |
During the first televised debate, both candidate clashed with real estate issues and Moon Jae-in administration's anti-speculative policies amid LH scandal. Park Young-sun raised allegations against Oh Se-hoon that he received 3.65 billionKRW in 2009 in compensation for land in Seoul's Seocho district, after his involvement in the area being designated a residential zone. Oh Se-hoon denied that he was aware of the land under his wife's name or the development plan. Oh Se-hoon then attacked Moon administration's housing policies aimed at curbing soaring housing prices, saying the government policies have only served to exacerbate the problem and start a vicious economic cycle. Park Young-sun acknowledged some failure in the policies and said she will introduce new measures.[92]
During the second debate, Park Young-sun continued interrogating Oh Se-hoon on the suspicion of his land compensation. Park argued that Oh should have known as the mayor at that time. She also pointed out that the residences of then PresidentLee Myung-bak and his brother Lee Sang-deuk, then a ruling party politician, were located nearby and raised suspicions that the decision to develop the area was also aimed at benefiting them. Oh denied again her claim, saying the decision was made by the director-general of Seoul at that time, not him. He said there's no need to be briefed to him, because the housing plan had been discussed since he become Seoul Mayor. Oh then criticized Park over the controversy that she and her husband purchased a residence in Tokyo, to which Park responded by accusing him of raising it to divert attention away from the suspicions directed at him.[93]
The last debate were held on Monday, 5 April 2021, by Korea Broadcasting Journalists Club. Oh Se-hoon criticized that Park Young-sun's housing plans are unrealistic and unachievable. Park Young-sun argued during the debate that he lied about the controversial land development project, which allegedly benefited his wife and her family. Then, Oh said Park's candidacy itself is a lie by the ruling party, which had promised not to produce a candidate for a by-election made necessary due to its elected members' indiscretion while in office.[94]
| No. | Date and time | Host | Programme | Broadcaster | Presenter(s) | Candidates | Link | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P Participant A Absent invitee O Out of race (eliminated or withdrawn) N Non-invitee | Shin Ji-hye | Huh Kyoung-young | Oh Tae-yang | Bae Yeong-hyu | Kim Jin-ah | Song Myeong-suk | Chung Dong-hui | Lee Do-yeop | Shin Ji-ye | ||||||
| 1 | 29 March 2021; 14:30–16:30KST | National Election Commission | 2021 Seoul Mayoral by-election non-invited candidate debate | KBS1/MBC | Lee Kyu-won | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | Website |
| Poll source | Client | Date(s) administered | Method | Sample size | Margin of Error | Park Young-sun | Oh Se-hoon | Ahn Cheol-soo | Huh Kyung-young | Kim Jin-ah | Song Myeong-suk | Shin Ji-ye | Others | None | Don't know or no answer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPSOS/Korea/Hankook | KBS/MBC/SBS | 20–21 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,006 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 27.3% | 30.2% | 24.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 1.0% | 17.4% | 1.8% | |
| For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee | ||||||||||||||||
| Poll source | Client | Date(s) administered | Method | Sample size | Margin of Error | Park Young-sun | Woo Sang-ho | Ahn Cheol-soo | Oh Se-hoon | Na Kyoung-won | Cho Eun-hee | Keum Tae-seop | Kim Jin-ai | Others | None | Don't know or no answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Next Research | SBS | 13 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,008 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 27.4% | – | 24.0% | 26.1% | – | – | – | 2.4% | 1.0% | 17.4% | 1.8% |
| Hankook Research | KBS | 8–9 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | 30.5% | – | 22.4% | 23.1% | – | – | – | 2.1% | 1.6% | 11.1% | 9.1% |
| Embrain Public | News1 | 7–8 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,009 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 33.3% | – | 23.4% | 24.6% | – | – | – | 2.9% | 1.5% | 11.2% | 3.1% |
| WinG Korea | Asia Economy | 6–7 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 1,002 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 30.3% | – | 24.7% | 27.9% | – | – | – | 4.1% | 2.3% | 8.0% | 2.0% |
| Realmeter | MBC 100min Debate | 19–20 February 2021 | ARS (M-VN 80%, L-RDD 20%) | 1,030 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 31.1% | 7.3% | 23.2% | 9.4% | 14.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.5% | 1.5% | 5.3% | 1.6% |
| Realmeter | TBS,YTN | 7–8 February 2021 | LI 50%, ARS 50% (M-RDD 80%, L-RDD 20%) | 1,016 | 95%, ±3.1%p | 26.2% | 7.7% | 19.0% | 9.4% | 15.1% | 2.8% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 2.8% | 11.5% | 2.7% |
| For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee | ||||||||||||||||
| Poll source | Client | Date(s) administered | Method | Sample size | Margin of Error | Woo Sang-ho | Park Young-sun | Ahn Cheol-soo | Oh Se-hoon | Na Kyoung-won | Others | None | Don't know or no answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPSOS/Korea/Hankook | KBS/MBC/SBS | 20–21 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,006 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 30.4% | – | 47.0% | – | 3.3% | 16.1% | 4.1% |
| – | 29.9% | 45.9% | – | – | 2.7% | 17.7% | 4.0% | ||||||
| IPSOS | JoongAng Ilbo | 19–20 March 2021 | ARS (M-VN 15.2% L-RDD 84.8%) | 1,002 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 36.8% | – | 50.6% | – | 1.5% | 9.4% | 1.8% |
| – | 35.6% | 52.3% | – | – | 1.2% | 10.0% | 0.9% | ||||||
| Realmeter | Munhwa Ilbo | 13–14 March 2021 | ARS (M-RDD 80% L-RDD 20%) | 1,030 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 37.4% | – | 54.5% | – | 3.6% | 3.0% | 1.5% |
| Realmeter | Munhwa Ilbo | 13–14 March 2021 | ARS (M-RDD 80% L-RDD 20%) | 1,030 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 37.8% | 55.3% | – | – | 2.9% | 2.2% | 1.8% |
| PNR | Mirae Hankook Research Aju Business Daily | 14 March 2021 | ARS (M-VN 84% L-RDD 16%) | 806 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 34.1% | – | 47.7% | – | 8.1% | 6.6% | 3.5% |
| – | 33.0% | 50.8% | – | – | 8.4% | 5.4% | 2.5% | ||||||
| Kanta Korea | The Chosun Ilbo/TV Chosun | 13 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 806 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 34.2% | – | 46.5% | – | 0.6% | 3.8% | 14.9% |
| – | 33.8% | 45.2% | – | – | 1.9% | 3.2% | 15.9% | ||||||
| STI | STI | 12–13 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 1,000 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 33.1% | – | 51.8% | – | 8.0% | 4.9% | 2.4% |
| – | 32.3% | 53.7% | – | – | 5.7% | 5.8% | 2.4% | ||||||
| Next Research | SBS | 13 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,008 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 35.0% | – | 42.3% | – | 3.9% | 17.2% | 1.5% |
| – | 33.6% | – | 45.4% | – | 2.2% | 17.7% | 1.1% | ||||||
| PNR | Mirae Hankook Research/ Money Today | 13 March 2021 | ARS (M-VN 81% L-RDD 19%) | 802 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 36.1% | 46.2% | – | – | 9.1% | 5.7% | 3.0% |
| – | 34.8% | 46.7% | – | – | 9.8% | 5.2% | 3.5% | ||||||
| Hankook Research | KBS | 8–9 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 39.5% | – | 44.3% | – | 2.3% | 9.1% | 4.9% |
| – | 37.0% | 44.9% | – | – | 2.8% | 10.0% | 5.4% | ||||||
| Embrain Public | News1 | 7–8 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,009 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 38.7% | 46.2% | – | – | 1.5% | 10.4% | 3.2% |
| – | 39.3% | – | 43.1% | – | 1.9% | 12.3% | 3.4% | ||||||
| WinG Korea | Asia Economy | 6–7 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 1,002 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 38.8% | 49.2% | – | – | 4.5% | 5.4% | 2.0% |
| – | 39.5% | – | 49.3% | – | 2.9% | 6.3% | 2.0% | ||||||
| IPSOS | JoongAng Daily | 5–6 March 2021 | LI (L-RDD 14.9% M-VN 85.1%) | 1,004 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 41.6% | – | 45.3% | – | 1.5% | 10.6% | 1.0% |
| – | 39.8% | 47.3% | – | – | 1.2% | 10.7% | 0.9% | ||||||
| 4 March 2021 | People Power Party's nomination | ||||||||||||
| 1 March 2021 | Democratic Party's nomination | ||||||||||||
| RnSearch | Daehan Economic | 25–26 February 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 818 | 95%, ±3.4%p | – | 34.1% | 36.7% | – | – | 16.3% | 10.6% | 2.0% |
| – | 35.8% | – | – | 35.2% | 13.0% | 12.8% | 3.2% | ||||||
| – | 35.4% | – | 33.4% | – | 15.6% | 13.1% | 2.4% | ||||||
| Hangil Research | MBN | 15–16 February 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 807 | 95%, ±3.4%p | – | 39.0% | – | – | 27.2% | 20.5% | 11.3% | 1.9% |
| – | 39.5% | – | 27.0% | – | 18.1% | 13.7% | 1.7% | ||||||
| – | 39.3% | 39.4% | – | – | 18.1% | 13.7% | 1.7% | ||||||
| IPSOS | SBS | 6–9 February 2021 | LI (L-RDD 10% M-VN 90%) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 43.7% | – | – | 33.7% | 7.7% | 14.5% | 0.5% |
| – | 45.1% | – | 33.0% | – | 8.0% | 13.4% | 0.5% | ||||||
| – | 40.6% | 43.5% | – | – | 3.7% | 11.5% | 0.6% | ||||||
| 35.7% | – | – | – | 36.3% | 7.6% | 20.2% | 0.3% | ||||||
| 35.3% | – | – | 37.7% | – | 7.2% | 19.5% | 0.2% | ||||||
| 33.0% | – | 46.9% | – | – | 4.4% | 15.4% | 0.4% | ||||||
| KRi | MBC | 8–9 February 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 804 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 46.0% | – | – | 33.7% | 0.2% | 18.4% | 1.6% |
| – | 45.3% | – | 36.1% | – | 0.7% | 16.3% | 1.6% | ||||||
| – | 41.9% | 41.4% | – | – | 0.4% | 14.6% | 1.8% | ||||||
| 33.9% | – | – | – | 37.9% | 0.7% | 26.4% | 1.1% | ||||||
| 31.0% | – | – | 41.8% | – | 0.5% | 25.0% | 1.6% | ||||||
| 29.3% | – | 44.7% | – | – | 0.9% | 23.4% | 1.8% | ||||||
| Realmeter | TBS,YTN | 7–8 February 2021 | LI 50%, ARS 50% (M-RDD 80%, L-RDD 20%) | 1,016 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 39.7% | – | – | 34.0% | 6.2% | 16.8% | 3.3% |
| – | 38.9% | 36.3% | – | – | 5.7% | 15.9% | 3.2% | ||||||
| – | 40.6% | – | 29.7% | – | 7.2% | 18.5% | 4.0% | ||||||
| 29.1% | – | – | – | 34.4% | 7.5% | 26.3% | 2.7% | ||||||
| 28.2% | – | 40.4% | – | – | 5.5% | 23.0% | 3.0% | ||||||
| 30.6% | – | – | 32.7% | – | 5.5% | 23.0% | 3.0% | ||||||
| Embrain Public | Munhwa Ilbo | 5–6 February 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.46%p | – | 43.1% | – | – | 36.1% | 2.5% | 16.7% | 1.6% |
| – | 37.7% | 46.6% | – | – | 1.5% | 12.4% | 1.8% | ||||||
| – | 42.3% | 39.3% | – | – | 1.6% | 14.4% | 2.4% | ||||||
| Hankook Research | Hankook Ilbo | 4–6 February 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 41.1% | – | – | 41.3% | 9.0% | 2.7% | 6.0% |
| – | 40.8% | – | 41.8% | – | 9.0% | 1.9% | 6.6% | ||||||
| – | 39.2% | 46.0% | – | – | 7.4% | 2.2% | 5.1% | ||||||
| 33.5% | – | – | – | 44.9% | 11.6% | 3.7% | 6.2% | ||||||
| 32.5% | – | – | 46.0% | – | 11.5% | 3.7% | 6.3% | ||||||
| 31.2% | – | 50.4% | – | – | 9.5% | 3.1% | 5.8% | ||||||
| Jowon C&I | Sisa Journal | 1–2 February 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 1,000 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 41.7% | – | – | 33.7% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 4.8% |
| – | 41.0% | 36.8% | – | – | 7.8% | 9.5% | 4.9% | ||||||
| For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee | |||||||||||||
| Poll source | Client | Date(s) administered | Method | Sample size | Margin of Error | Woo Sang-ho | Park Young-sun | Ahn Cheol-soo | Oh Se-hoon | Na Kyoung-won | Others | None | Don't know or no answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPSOS | JoongAng Ilbo | 19–20 March 2021 | ARS (M-VN 15.2% L-RDD 84.8%) | 1,002 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 32.9% | 23.2% | 32.3% | – | 1.0% | 8.0% | 2.7% |
| Realmeter | Munhwa Ilbo | 13–14 March 2021 | ARS (M-RDD 80% L-RDD 20%) | 1,030 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 33.3% | 25.1% | 35.6% | – | 2.3% | 2.2% | 1.5% |
| PNR | Mirae Hankook Research/ Aju Business Daily | 14 March 2021 | ARS (M-VN 84% L-RDD 16%) | 806 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 30.7% | 26.1% | 34.7% | – | 2.7% | 4.8% | 1.0% |
| Kanta Korea | The Chosun Ilbo/TV Chosun | 13 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 806 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 28.8% | 27.2% | 19.9% | – | 2.1% | 5.0% | 17.0% |
| PNR | Mirae Hankook Research/ Money Today | 13 March 2021 | ARS(M-VN 81% L-RDD 19%) | 802 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 33.0% | 32.5% | 27.9% | – | 3.3% | 2.1% | 1.2% |
| Hankook Research | KBS | 8–9 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 35.0% | 25.4% | 24.0% | – | 2.1% | 8.0% | 5.5% |
| Embrain Public | News1 | 7–8 March 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 1,009 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 35.8% | 26.0% | 25.4% | – | 1.4% | 9.3% | 2.1% |
| IPSOS | JoongAng Daily | 5–6 March 2021 | LI (L-RDD 14.9% M-VN 85.1%) | 1,004 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 35.8% | 24.2% | 26.4% | – | 1.7% | 9.3% | 2.5% |
| Hangil Research | MBN | 15–16 February 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 804 | 95%, ±3.4%p | – | 37.8% | 27.9% | – | 20.8% | 6.8% | 5.2% | 1.6% |
| – | 39.3% | 31.3% | 16.1% | – | 6.6% | 5.6% | 1.0% | ||||||
| KRi | MBC | 8–9 February 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 804 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 39.7% | 27.1% | – | 19.2% | 0.4% | 12.4% | 1.3% |
| – | 38.7% | 27.8% | 19.6% | – | 0.1% | 12.8% | 1.0% | ||||||
| 28.1% | – | 30.0% | – | 21.9% | 0.5% | 18.2% | 1.3% | ||||||
| 28.1% | – | 31.2% | 20.3% | – | 0.6% | 18.6% | 1.1% | ||||||
| Realmeter | TBS,YTN | 7–8 February 2021 | LI 50%, ARS 50% (M-RDD 80%, L-RDD 20%) | 1,016 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 37.5% | 22.7% | – | 25.0% | 3.6% | 9.9% | 1.4% |
| – | 37.7% | 26.7% | 18.7% | – | 4.2% | 11.4% | 1.3% | ||||||
| Hankook Research | Hankook Ilbo | 4–6 February 2021 | LI(M-VN) | 800 | 95%, ±3.5%p | – | 35.7% | 27.0% | – | 22.8% | 6.8% | 1.2% | 6.4% |
| – | 37.0% | 29.6% | 19.0% | – | 6.6% | 1.7% | 6.1% | ||||||
| 26.7% | – | 29.6% | – | 24.7% | 8.2% | 2.9% | 5.9% | ||||||
| 27.7% | – | 34.5% | 21.8% | – | 7.2% | 2.1% | 6.7% | ||||||
| Jowon C&I | Sisa Journal | 1–2 February 2021 | ARS(M-VN) | 1,000 | 95%, ±3.1%p | – | 38.4% | 21.6% | – | 22.6% | 4.5% | 8.3% | 4.6% |
| For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee | |||||||||||||
| Demographic group | Park | Oh |
|---|---|---|
| Total vote | 37.7 | 59.0 |
| Age | ||
| 18–29 years old | 34.1 | 57.3 |
| 30–39 years old | 38.7 | 56.5 |
| 40–49 years old | 49.3 | 48.3 |
| 50–59 years old | 42.4 | 55.8 |
| 60–69 years old | 29.1 | 69.7 |
| 70 and older | 25.2 | 74.2 |
| Age by gender | ||
| 18–29 years old men | 22.2 | 72.5 |
| 18–29 years old women | 44.0 | 40.9 |
| 30–39 years old men | 32.6 | 63.8 |
| 30–39 years old women | 43.7 | 50.6 |
| 40–49 years old men | 51.3 | 45.8 |
| 40–49 years old women | 47.8 | 50.2 |
| 50–59 years old men | 45.1 | 52.4 |
| 50–59 years old women | 40.3 | 58.5 |
| 60+ years old men | 28.3 | 70.2 |
| 60+ years old women | 26.4 | 73.3 |
Young voters, who have traditionally sided with the Democratic Party, voted for the conservative PPP according to the Seoul exit polls. PPP's Oh Se-hoon won by a margin of 55.3 percent to 34.1 percent among voters in their 20s, and 56.5 percent to 38.7 percent among voters in their 30s. Among male voters in their 20s, Oh received a staggering 72.5 percent support in the exit poll. This swing among young voters to the PPP was attributed to the Moon government's left-leaning real estate policies, such as tightening of borrowing rules and raising various home-related taxes, affecting young people who wish to buy a home of their own. More importantly, the Democratic Party's continued support for feminism and women-prioritized policies had caused severe social divisions between young men and women, which prompted male 20s to vote for the conservative Oh. The PPP's Lee Junseok and Ha Taekyoung's role in promoting social unity amongst males and females while giving voice to the male 20s played a critical role. The Democratic administration was perceived to be of double standards, as seen in the alleged meddling of former Justice MinisterCho Kuk and his wife in their children's school admissions, sexual harassment cases of both former Seoul and Busan mayors affiliated with the ruling party, and the Democrats' decision to field candidates against its internal rule prohibiting competing in by-elections caused by "serious wrongdoing" by its members and seen as a critical factor in the Democrats losing support from young voters.[97]
Park Young-sun's comment that young people had a weak sense and experience of history after the release of weak poll numbers among young voters was said to have backfired on the DP. In contrast, Oh embraced the youth vote by hosting campaign events with young voters making endorsement speeches went viral online, and by promising to deliver speedy measures to increase housing supply in Seoul and also to look after the reinstatement and recovery of the victim of sexual harassment by the previous mayor Park Won-soon.[97]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Oh Se-hoon | 2,798,788 | 57.50 | +34.16 | |
| Democratic | Park Young-sun | 1,907,336 | 39.18 | –13.61 | |
| National Revolutionary | Huh Kyung-young | 52,107 | 1.07 | (new) | |
| Women's | Kim Jin-ah | 33,421 | 0.68 | (new) | |
| Basic Income | Shin Ji-hye | 23,628 | 0.48 | (new) | |
| Independent | Shin Ji-ye | 18,039 | 0.37 | −1.30 | |
| Progressive | Song Myeong-suk | 12,272 | 0.25 | −0.19 | |
| Minsaeng | Lee Su-bong | 11,196 | 0.23 | (new) | |
| Mirae | Oh Tae-yang | 6,483 | 0.13 | −0.10 | |
| Independent | Chung Dong-hui | 1,874 | 0.03 | (new) | |
| Independent | Lee Do-yeop | 1,664 | 0.03 | (new) | |
| New Liberal Democratic Union | Bae Yeong-gyu | 634 | 0.01 | (new) | |
| Informal votes | 35,188 | ||||
| Turnout | 3,523,239 | 58.2 | TBD | ||
| Registered electors | 8,425,869 | +0.5 | |||
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Busan Metropolitan Mayor. Elected by simple majority usingfirst past the post. Triggered by resignation of incumbent | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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On 6 March 2021,Kim Young-choon won Democratic preselection for the Busan mayorship, defeatingByeon Sung-wan and Park In-young.[100]
On 4 March 2021,Park Heong-joon won PPPpreselection for the Busan mayorship, defeating Park Seong-hun andLee Un-ju.[104]
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| # | Name | Party | Date of birth | Career | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kim Young-choon | Democratic | (1962-02-05)5 February 1962 (age 63) | Former Member of theNational Assembly FormerMinister of Oceans and Fisheries (2017–2019) Former Secretary-General of the National Assembly (2020) | |
| 2 | Park Heong-joon | PPP | (1960-01-19)19 January 1960 (age 65) | Former Professor atDong-a University (1991–2021) Former Member of the National Assembly forSuyeong (2004–2008) FormerSenior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs (2009–2010) Former Secretary-General of the National Assembly (2014–2016) | |
| 6 | Sohn Sang-woo | Mirae | (1981-12-16)16 December 1981 (age 43) | Head of the Mirae Party forBusan | |
| 7 | Bae Joon-hyun | Minsaeng | (1973-02-08)8 February 1973 (age 52) | Head of the Minsaeng Party for Busan | |
| 8 | Jeong Kyu-jae | FDP | (1957-01-12)12 January 1957 (age 68) | Former Chief Editor ofKorea Economic Daily Founder and former Chief ofPennmike | |
| 9 | Roh Jung-hyun | Progressive | (1978-01-28)28 January 1978 (age 47) | Former Member of theYeonje District Council (2010–2014) Head of the Progressive Party for Busan | |
| Source:National Election Commission | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Park Heong-joon | 961,576 | 62.67 | +25.51 | |
| Democratic | Kim Young-choon | 528,135 | 34.42 | −20.81 | |
| Freedom and Democracy Party (South Korea) | Chung Kyu-jae | 16,380 | 1.06 | (new) | |
| Progressive | Roh Jeong-hyeon | 13,054 | 0.85 | (new) | |
| Mirae | Son Sang-woo | 7,933 | 0.51 | (new) | |
| Minsaeng | Bae Jun-hyeon | 7,251 | 0.47 | (new) | |
| Informal votes | 11,722 | ||||
| Turnout | 1,546,051 | 52.7 | −6.1 | ||
| Registered electors | 2,936,301 | −0.1 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Seo Dong-wook | 69,689 | 63.73 | |
| Democratic | Kim Seok-gyeom | 24,223 | 22.15 | |
| Progressive | Kim Jin-seok | 15,431 | 14.11 | |
| Turnout | 110,136 | 40.50 | ||
| Registered electors | 271,967 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Oh Tae-wan | 7,335 | 44.33 | |
| Democratic | Kim Chung-gyu | 4,942 | 29.87 | |
| Independent | Oh Yong | 2,158 | 13.04 | |
| Independent | Kim Chang-hwan | 2,109 | 12.74 | |
| Turnout | 16,997 | 69.51 | ||
| Registered electors | 24,452 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Lee Jong-hwan | 18,912 | 50.78 | |
| Democratic | Kim Seung-sik | 18,325 | 49.21 | |
| Turnout | 38,723 | 52.99 | ||
| Registered electors | 73,147 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Paik Hyeon-jong | 14,150 | 54.86 | |
| Democratic | Shin Dong-hwa | 11,641 | 45.13 | |
| Turnout | 26,002 | 28.34 | ||
| Registered electors | 91,734 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Won Gap-hui | 5,549 | 41.16 | |
| Independent | Park Kyeong-suk | 4,923 | 36.52 | |
| Democratic | Kim Gi-jun | 3,007 | 22.30 | |
| Turnout | 13,591 | 46.53 | ||
| Registered electors | 29,212 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Han Chun-ok | 8,055 | 64.79 | |
| Independent | Ju Yun-sik | 4,377 | 35.20 | |
| Turnout | 12,597 | 26.31 | ||
| Registered electors | 47,888 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Park Seon-jun | 9,045 | 53.34 | |
| Independent | Chung Sun-yeol | 7,912 | 46.65 | |
| Turnout | 17,141 | 55.71 | ||
| Registered electors | 30,771 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Paik Su-myeong | 6,175 | 56.57 | |
| Democratic | Ryu Jeong-yeol | 2,600 | 23.82 | |
| Independent | Lee Woo-yeong | 2,140 | 19,60 | |
| Turnout | 11,006 | 50.18 | ||
| Registered electors | 21,932 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Son Tae-yeong | 10,043 | 61.76 | |
| Democratic | Chung Kwon-yong | 6,218 | 38.23 | |
| Turnout | 16,996 | 69.51 | ||
| Registered electors | 24,452 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Kim Jae-woong | 8,253 | 48.61 | |
| People Power | Park Hui-gyu | 6,548 | 38.56 | |
| Democratic | Chung Jae-gak | 2,176 | 12.81 | |
| Turnout | 17,158 | 49.13 | ||
| Registered electors | 34,922 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Cha In-yeong | 12,626 | 59.12 | |
| Democratic | Yang Songi | 8,727 | 40.87 | |
| Turnout | 22,084 | 60.69 | ||
| Registered electors | 36,390 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Kim Sun-ae | 23,313 | 62.96 | |
| Democratic | Bae Shin-jeong | 11,115 | 30.01 | |
| Mirae | Choi ji-seon | 2,559 | 7.01 | |
| Turnout | 37,833 | 62.13 | ||
| Registered electors | 60,895 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Park Ki-hong | 14,376 | 61.38 | |
| Democratic | Kim Ki-rak | 9,043 | 38.61 | |
| Turnout | 23,660 | 32.62 | ||
| Registered electors | 72,521 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Park Su-yeon | 11,039 | 49.04 | |
| Democratic | Son Seong-ik | 9,268 | 41.17 | |
| Progressive | Kim Yeong-jung | 2,200 | 9.77 | |
| Turnout | 22,649 | 20.18 | ||
| Registered electors | 112,024 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Hong Won-pyo | 3,029 | 41.41 | |
| Democratic | Lee Heung-yeop | 2,345 | 32.06 | |
| Independent | Shin Hyeon-mo | 1,422 | 19.44 | |
| Independent | Lee Kyeong-il | 307 | 4.19 | |
| Independent | In Hui-yeol | 211 | 2.88 | |
| Turnout | 7,368 | 46.28 | ||
| Registered electors | 15,921 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Kim Seung-il | 3,103 | 46.73 | |
| Independent | Kim Seong-bae | 2,086 | 31.42 | |
| Independent | Moon Byeong-seon | 957 | 14.41 | |
| Independent | Choi Hoon | 493 | 7.42 | |
| Turnout | 6,693 | 32.14 | ||
| Registered electors | 20,825 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Cho Yeong-nam | 2,209 | 45.12 | |
| Independent | Kim Mi-yeol | 2,204 | 45.02 | |
| Independent | Yoon Jeong-jae | 482 | 9.84 | |
| Turnout | 4,962 | 61.44 | ||
| Registered electors | 8,076 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Yoon Byeong-yeol | 1,826 | 50.19 | |
| People Power | Cha Seong-gil | 1,812 | 49.80 | |
| Turnout | 3,771 | 70.04 | ||
| Registered electors | 5,384 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People Power | Hwang Cheol-yong | 5,215 | 74.34 | |
| Democratic | Cho Ho-gi | 1,800 | 25.65 | |
| Turnout | 7,068 | 41.07 | ||
| Registered electors | 17,209 | |||
Accusations that officials at South Korea's state housing corporation tried to use insider information to cash in on runaway property prices has thrown new fuel on an issue that is draining support from the ruling party ahead of key elections.
Median apartment prices in Seoul – where about a fifth of South Koreans live – have soared nearly 60% since May 2017 when Moon came into office, despite repeated government interventions to try to cool down the market.
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Pan-Opposition Seoul Mayor candidate Oh Se-hoon ... Pan-Liberal Seoul mayoral candidate Park Young-sun
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Park Young-sun, the ruling party candidate for April's Seoul mayoral by-election, called opposition bloc candidate Oh Se-hoon an outdated mayor who failed, while referring to herself as a mayor for the future.
| Presidential elections | |
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| Legislative elections | |
| Local elections | |
| By-elections | |
| Referendums | |
