2020 United States House of Representatives elections

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All 435 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives[a] 218 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Nancy Pelosi Kevin McCarthy Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 2003 January 3, 2019 Leader's seat California 12th California 23rd Last election 235 seats, 53.4% 200 seats, 44.8% Seats before 232 197 Seats won 222 213 Seat change 13 13 Popular vote 77,122,690[1] 72,466,576[1] Percentage 50.3% 47.2% Swing 3.1pp 2.4pp
Results:      Democratic hold     Democratic gain      Republican hold     Republican gain
Speaker before election Nancy Pelosi Democratic ElectedSpeaker Nancy Pelosi Democratic

The2020 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 2020, to elect representatives from all 435congressional districts across each of the 50U.S. states to the117th United States Congress, as well as sixnon-voting delegates from theDistrict of Columbia and the inhabitedU.S. territories. Special House elections were also held on various dates throughout 2020.

In the2018 United States House of Representatives elections, theDemocrats had won 235 seats. Leading up to the 2020 elections, the Democrats were projected by many polls to expand their majority by up to 15 seats due to the unpopularity of then-PresidentDonald Trump. While Democrats ultimately retained control of the House following the 2020 elections, Republicans made a net gain of 14 seats to the surprise of most observers^[2] and the Democrats entered 2021 with a narrow 222–213 House majority.^[3][4] This was the first time since2004 that the Republican Party made net gains in the House during a presidential election year. This led to Democrats' smallest majority since 1942. As of 2024, this remains the last time that the Democrats have won a majority in theUnited States House of Representatives.

Republicans exceeded expectations in the 2020 House elections. They won back a number of seats that they lost in 2018 while successfully defending competitive seats that Democrats had hoped to flip. No Republican incumbent was defeated for re-election, while 13 incumbent Democrats were ousted by Republicans; also, several successful Democratic candidates won by smaller-than-expected margins. Many have cited Trump's presence on the ballot as having fueled high Republican turnout,^[3][5][6][7] while others have emphasized the Republican Party's efforts to promote their female and minority candidates.^{[8][9][10][11]}

This constitutes the 11th election since theCivil War in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House, after the elections of1868,1884,1892,1896,1908,1960,1988,1992,2000, and2016.

Forty-seven states used thefirst-past-the-post voting plurality system to elect their representatives.Instant-runoff voting was used in one state (Maine) and arunoff system was used in two states (Georgia and Louisiana).

The 2020 election results are compared below to the November 2018 election, in which only 434 seats were filled (the election results in one constituency were voided). The results summary below does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results.

Parties		Popular vote			Seats
		Vote	%	Change	2018	2020	+/−	Strength
	Democratic Party	77,122,690	50.3%	–3.1%	235	222	13	51.0%
	Republican Party	72,466,576	47.2%	+2.4%	199	213	14	49.0%
	Libertarian Party	1,100,639	0.7%	–	—	—	—	—
	Independent	431,984	0.3%	–0.2%	—	—	—	—
	Green Party	90,121	0.1%	–0.1%	—	—	—	—
	Constitution Party	77,848	0.1%	–	—	—	—	—
	Other parties	1,982,993	1.3%	+1.3%	—	—	—	—
	Write-ins	158,554	0.1%	+0.1%	—	—	—	—
Totals		153,431,405	100.0%	—	434	435	1	100.0%
Source:[1] Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

State	Total seats	Democratic		Republican
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	7	1		6
Alaska	1	0		1
Arizona	9	5		4
Arkansas	4	0		4
California	53	42	4	11	4
Colorado	7	4		3
Connecticut	5	5		0
Delaware	1	1		0
Florida	27	11	2	16	2
Georgia	14	6	1	8	1
Hawaii	2	2		0
Idaho	2	0		2
Illinois	18	13		5
Indiana	9	2		7
Iowa	4	1	2	3	2
Kansas	4	1		3
Kentucky	6	1		5
Louisiana	6	1		5
Maine	2	2		0
Maryland	8	7		1
Massachusetts	9	9		0
Michigan	14	7		7	1
Minnesota	8	4	1	4	1
Mississippi	4	1		3
Missouri	8	2		6
Montana	1	0		1
Nebraska	3	0		3
Nevada	4	3		1
New Hampshire	2	2		0
New Jersey	12	10	1	2	1
New Mexico	3	2	1	1	1
New York	27	19	2	8	2
North Carolina	13	5	2	8	2
North Dakota	1	0		1
Ohio	16	4		12
Oklahoma	5	0	1	5	1
Oregon	5	4		1
Pennsylvania	18	9		9
Rhode Island	2	2		0
South Carolina	7	1	1	6	1
South Dakota	1	0		1
Tennessee	9	2		7
Texas	36	13		23
Utah	4	0	1	4	1
Vermont	1	1		0
Virginia	11	7		4
Washington	10	7		3
West Virginia	3	0		3
Wisconsin	8	3		5
Wyoming	1	0		1
Total	435	222	13	213	14

• 
  Cartogram of results
  
• 
  Popular vote by states
• 
  Results by margin

36 incumbents did not seek re-election, either to retire or to seek other positions.

Nine Democrats did not seek re-election.

1. California 53:Susan Davis retired.
2. Hawaii 2:Tulsi Gabbard retiredto run for U.S. president.
3. Indiana 1:Pete Visclosky retired.
4. Iowa 2:Dave Loebsack retired.
5. Massachusetts 4:Joe Kennedy III retired torun for U.S. senator.
6. New Mexico 3:Ben Ray Luján retired torun for U.S. senator.
7. New York 15:José Serrano retired.
8. New York 17:Nita Lowey retired.
9. Washington 10:Denny Heck retired torun for lieutenant governor of Washington.

One Libertarian did not seek re-election.

1. Michigan 3:Justin Amash retired.

26 Republicans did not seek re-election.

Four incumbents resigned in 2020, all of them Republicans, with no special elections to fill the vacant seats before the November election.

1. California 50:Duncan Hunter resigned January 13 after pleading guilty to one count of misusing campaign funds. Seat won by RepublicanDarrell Issa.^[12]
2. Georgia 14:Tom Graves resigned October 4; he had initially planned to retire at the end of the term. Seat won by RepublicanMarjorie Taylor Greene.^[13]
3. North Carolina 11:Mark Meadows resigned March 30 to becomeWhite House Chief of Staff. Seat won by RepublicanMadison Cawthorn.^[14]
4. Texas 4:John Ratcliffe resigned May 22 to becomeDirector of National Intelligence. Seat won by RepublicanPat Fallon.^[15]

Eight incumbents lost renomination in 2020, the most in a non-redistricting year since 1974.^[16]

Three Democrats lost renomination.

1. Illinois 3:Dan Lipinski lost renomination toMarie Newman, who went on to win the general election.^[17]
2. Missouri 1:Lacy Clay lost renomination toCori Bush, who went on to win the general election.^[18]
3. New York 16:Eliot Engel lost renomination toJamaal Bowman, who went on to win the general election.^[19]

Five Republicans lost renomination.

1. Colorado 3:Scott Tipton lost renomination toLauren Boebert, who won the general election.^[20]
2. Florida 15:Ross Spano lost renomination toScott Franklin, who won the general election.^[21]
3. Iowa 4:Steve King lost renomination toRandy Feenstra, who won the general election.^[22]
4. Kansas 2:Steve Watkins lost renomination toJake LaTurner, who won the general election.^[23]
5. Virginia 5:Denver Riggleman lost renomination in a district convention toBob Good, who won the general election.^[24]

Thirteen Democrats, twelve of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Republicans.

1. California 21:TJ Cox (first elected in 2018) lost toDavid Valadao.
2. California 39:Gil Cisneros (first elected in 2018) lost toYoung Kim.
3. California 48:Harley Rouda (first elected in 2018) lost toMichelle Steel.
4. Florida 26:Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (first elected in 2018) lost toCarlos Giménez.
5. Florida 27:Donna Shalala (first elected in 2018) lost toMaria Elvira Salazar.
6. Iowa 1:Abby Finkenauer (first elected in 2018) lost toAshley Hinson.
7. Minnesota 7:Collin Peterson (first elected in 1990) lost toMichelle Fischbach.
8. New Mexico 2:Xochitl Torres Small (first elected in 2018) lost toYvette Herrell.
9. New York 11:Max Rose (first elected in 2018) lost toNicole Malliotakis.
10. New York 22:Anthony Brindisi (first elected in 2018) lost toClaudia Tenney.
11. Oklahoma 5:Kendra Horn (first elected in 2018) lost toStephanie Bice.
12. South Carolina 1:Joe Cunningham (first elected in 2018) lost toNancy Mace.
13. Utah 4:Ben McAdams (first elected in 2018) lost toBurgess Owens.

No Republicans lost re-election.

One Democratic seat was won by a Republican.

1. Iowa 2: Won byMariannette Miller-Meeks.

One Libertarian seat was won by a Republican.

1. Michigan 3: Won byPeter Meijer.

Three Republican seats were won by Democrats.

1. Georgia 7: Won byCarolyn Bourdeaux.
2. North Carolina 2: Won byDeborah K. Ross.
3. North Carolina 6: Won byKathy Manning.

This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the2020 presidential election and another in the 2020 House elections.

Seven districts were won byDonald Trump in the presidential election and Democrats in the House elections:

Nine districts were won byJoe Biden in the presidential election and Republicans in the House elections:

Seventy-seven races were decided by 10% or lower.

There were five special elections in 2020 to the116th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

These are the election dates for the regularly scheduled general elections.

District		Incumbent			This race
Location	PVI	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[34][35]
Alabama 1	R+15	Bradley Byrne	Republican	2013(special)	Incumbent retired torun for U.S. senator. Republican hold.	▌YJerry Carl (Republican) 64.4% ▌James Averhart (Democratic) 35.5%
Alabama 2	R+16	Martha Roby	Republican	2010	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YBarry Moore (Republican) 65.2% ▌Phyllis Harvey-Hall (Democratic) 34.7%
Alabama 3	R+16	Mike D. Rogers	Republican	2002	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMike D. Rogers (Republican) 67.5% ▌Adia Winfrey (Democratic) 32.5%
Alabama 4	R+30	Robert Aderholt	Republican	1996	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YRobert Aderholt (Republican) 82.2% ▌Rick Neighbors (Democratic) 17.7%
Alabama 5	R+18	Mo Brooks	Republican	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMo Brooks (Republican) 95.8%
Alabama 6	R+26	Gary Palmer	Republican	2014	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YGary Palmer (Republican) 97.1%
Alabama 7	D+20	Terri Sewell	Democratic	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YTerri Sewell (Democratic) 97.2%

District		Incumbent			This race
Location	PVI	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[50][51]
Florida 1	R+22	Matt Gaetz	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMatt Gaetz (Republican) 64.6% ▌Phil Ehr (Democratic) 34.0% ▌Albert Oram (Independent) 1.4%
Florida 2	R+18	Neal Dunn	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YNeal Dunn (Republican) 97.9% ▌Kim O'Connor (write-in) 2.1%
Florida 3	R+9	Ted Yoho	Republican	2012	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YKat Cammack (Republican) 57.1% ▌Adam Christensen (Democratic) 42.9%
Florida 4	R+17	John Rutherford	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YJohn Rutherford (Republican) 61.1% ▌Donna Deegan (Democratic) 38.9%
Florida 5	D+12	Al Lawson	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAl Lawson (Democratic) 65.1% ▌Gary Adler (Republican) 34.9%
Florida 6	R+7	Mike Waltz	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMike Waltz (Republican) 60.6% ▌Clint Curtis (Democratic) 39.4%
Florida 7	Even	Stephanie Murphy	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YStephanie Murphy (Democratic) 55.3% ▌Leo Valentín (Republican) 43.2% ▌William Garlington (Independent) 1.4%
Florida 8	R+11	Bill Posey	Republican	2008	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YBill Posey (Republican) 61.4% ▌Jim Kennedy (Democratic) 38.6%
Florida 9	D+5	Darren Soto	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDarren Soto (Democratic) 56.0% ▌Bill Olson (Republican) 44.0%
Florida 10	D+11	Val Demings	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YVal Demings (Democratic) 63.6% ▌Vennia Francois (Republican) 36.4%
Florida 11	R+15	Daniel Webster	Republican	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDaniel Webster (Republican) 66.7% ▌Dana Cottrell (Democratic) 33.3%
Florida 12	R+8	Gus Bilirakis	Republican	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YGus Bilirakis (Republican) 62.9% ▌Kimberly Walker (Democratic) 37.1%
Florida 13	D+2	Charlie Crist	Democratic	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YCharlie Crist (Democratic) 53.0% ▌Anna Paulina Luna (Republican) 47.0%
Florida 14	D+7	Kathy Castor	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YKathy Castor (Democratic) 60.3% ▌Christine Quinn (Republican) 39.7%
Florida 15	R+6	Ross Spano	Republican	2018	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌YScott Franklin (Republican) 55.4% ▌Alan Cohn (Democratic) 44.6%
Florida 16	R+7	Vern Buchanan	Republican	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YVern Buchanan (Republican) 55.5% ▌Margaret Good (Democratic) 44.5%
Florida 17	R+13	Greg Steube	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YGreg Steube (Republican) 64.6% ▌Allen Ellison (Democratic) 34.1% ▌Theodore Murray (Independent) 1.3%
Florida 18	R+5	Brian Mast	Republican	2016	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YBrian Mast (Republican) 56.3% ▌Pam Keith (Democratic) 41.5% ▌K. W. Miller (Independent) 2.2%
Florida 19	R+13	Francis Rooney	Republican	2016	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌YByron Donalds (Republican) 61.3% ▌Cindy Banyai (Democratic) 38.7%
Florida 20	D+31	Alcee Hastings	Democratic	1992	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YAlcee Hastings (Democratic) 78.7% ▌Greg Musselwhite (Republican) 21.3%
Florida 21	D+9	Lois Frankel	Democratic	2012	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YLois Frankel (Democratic) 59.0% ▌Laura Loomer (Republican) 39.1% ▌Charleston Malkemus (Independent) 1.9%
Florida 22	D+6	Ted Deutch	Democratic	2010(special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YTed Deutch (Democratic) 58.6% ▌Jim Pruden (Republican) 41.4%
Florida 23	D+11	Debbie Wasserman Schultz	Democratic	2004	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YDebbie Wasserman Schultz (Democratic) 58.2% ▌Carla Spalding (Republican) 41.8%
Florida 24	D+34	Frederica Wilson	Democratic	2010	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YFrederica Wilson (Democratic) 75.6% ▌Lavern Spicer (Republican) 20.4% ▌Christine Olivo (Independent) 4.0%
Florida 25	R+4	Mario Díaz-Balart	Republican	2002	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YMario Díaz-Balart (Republican) 100.0%
Florida 26	D+6	Debbie Mucarsel-Powell	Democratic	2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌YCarlos A. Giménez (Republican) 51.7% ▌Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) 48.3%
Florida 27	D+5	Donna Shalala	Democratic	2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌YMaría Elvira Salazar (Republican) 51.4% ▌Donna Shalala (Democratic) 48.6%