The championship was originally due to start in March,[2] but the start was postponed until July in response to theCOVID-19 pandemic. The season was originally due to be contested over a record of 22Grands Prix, but as some races were cancelled and new races were added to replace them, a total of 17 races were run.[3] The season started in July with theAustrian Grand Prix[4] and ended in December with theAbu Dhabi Grand Prix.[3] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first eight rounds of the championship were runbehind closed doors, with the rest of the races being run at a reduced capacity or also behind closed doors due to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lewis Hamilton andMercedes entered the season as the reigning World Drivers' and World Constructors' champions, respectively, after they both won their sixth championship in 2019. At theEmilia Romagna Grand Prix, Mercedes secured their seventh consecutiveConstructors' Championship making them the only team to win seven consecutive championships, breakingFerrari's record from1999 to2004. Mercedes also maintained the distinction of being the only team to win the championship since the 2014turbo-hybrid engine regulation changes were enacted. Hamilton equalledMichael Schumacher's record of seven WorldDrivers' Championships at theTurkish Grand Prix and broke Schumacher's previous record of 91 career wins at thePortuguese Grand Prix.
Sebastian Vettel endured a difficult season withFerrari, finishing thirteenth in the standings and amassing only 33 points with one podium finish (third in Turkey). This would also be his final season with Ferrari, as he would go on to joinAston Martin—the rebrand ofRacing Point—for the 2021 season, where he would spend two seasons before retiring from F1 at the end of2022 season. On the other hand, Ferrari finished outside of the top five in the Constructors' standings for the first time since1980.
Schumacher andCallum Ilott were entered to appear in the first practice session for theEifel Grand Prix, driving for Alfa Romeo Racing and Haas, respectively,[29] but the session was cancelled due to bad weather conditions.[30]
Drivers that took part in first or second free practice sessions
A day before theBritish Grand Prix weekend,Racing Point driverSergio Pérez tested positive forCOVID-19 and was ruled out of the race weekend.[35] After seeking clarification fromPublic Health England, Racing Point stated that they intended to let Pérez race in the70th Anniversary Grand Prix pending a negative coronavirus test.[36] This re-test came back positive and so Pérez was also unable to take part in the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix. He was replaced for both races byNico Hülkenberg, who had raced for the team's predecessorForce India in2012 and from2014 to2016, and last raced in Formula One at the2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[37][38] Pérez had a negative coronavirus test result the week preceding theSpanish Grand Prix weekend and he competed in the Grand Prix having been cleared by theFIA to return.[39] Pérez's Racing Point teammateLance Stroll felt ill prior to theEifel Grand Prix and tested positive for the coronavirus on the day of the race. Hülkenberg again raced for the team.[40][20]
Twenty-two Grands Prix were originally scheduled for the 2020 World Championship.[2] However, theCOVID-19 pandemic resulted in numerous race cancellations and postponements. A rescheduled calendar consisted of seventeen Grands Prix, nine from the original 2020 calendar and eight other Grands Prix, while the other thirteen original 2020 races were cancelled. This also meant that the season started with two races inAustria, and later on in the season there were also two races atSilverstone Circuit along with two races atBahrain International Circuit. Each race is the minimum number of laps that exceeds a total distance of 305 km (189.5 mi). Under the sporting regulations, a minimum of eight races must take place for the season to be considered a championship.[48][f] As a result of the cancellations and changes, no round was held in North America for the first time since2009 and no round was held in the Americas for the first time since the championship's inception in1950.
The following rounds were included on the original calendar published by theWorld Motor Sport Council but were cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic:
After purchasing the commercial rights to the sport fromCVC Capital Partners in January 2017,Liberty Media announced plans to expand the Formula One calendar using a concept they termed "destination races" and modelled on theSingapore Grand Prix.[61] Under the "destination races" model, Grands Prix would be established in or near key tourist destinations and integrate racing, entertainment and social functions. Several countries and venues announced plans to bid for a Grand Prix,[62][63] with two bids being successful:
TheVietnamese Grand Prix was announced as the first new race created under Liberty's management.[64] The race was given a provisional date of April 2020 and was planned to take place in the capitalHanoi on theHanoi Circuit,[65] but was later cancelled.[66]
TheDutch Grand Prix was due to be revived,[67] with the race scheduled to take place at theCircuit Zandvoort.[68][69] The 2020 race would have marked the first time the Dutch Grand Prix has been run since1985. However, the race was later cancelled.[70]
Liberty Media initially expected that the 2020 calendar would consist of twenty-one Grands Prix and that any new races would come at the expense of existing events, but later negotiated an agreement with the teams to allow up to twenty-two Grands Prix. Several further changes were made between the 2019 and 2020 calendars, with theGerman Grand Prix discontinued and theMexican Grand Prix planned to be rebranded as theMexico City Grand Prix before it was cancelled.[71][72]
Teams were allowed to use an additionalMGU-K compared to 2019 to compensate for the increased demands of contesting the originally planned twenty-two races.[73][74][clarification needed]
Drivers who participated in free practice sessions were eligible for additionalFIA Super Licence points. Any driver who completed a minimum 100 km (62 mi) during a free practice session received an additional Super Licence point on the condition that they do not commit a driving infraction. Drivers could only accrue ten Super Licence points across a three-season period from free practice sessions.[75] The rules around helmet designs were relaxed with drivers allowed to change their design as many times as they wanted between races, having previously been restricted to a base design and one permitted major design change (excluding minor alterations) since 2015.[76]
As a result of what was then planned to be an expanded calendar, the two pre-season tests which took place atCircuit de Barcelona-Catalunya were reduced in length from four days to three days each, whilst the two in-season tests that took place atBahrain International Circuit and Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in 2019 were discontinued. Teams were no longer allowed to hide their cars during testing.[77] The amount of time in which car mechanics were prohibited from working on the car was extended from eight to nine hours.[74]
The rules surroundingjump starts and theweighbridge were relaxed with therace stewards able to hand out less severe punishments for missing the weighbridge and jump starts.[74]
In order to reduce the risk of punctures, the last 50 mm (2.0 in) of thefront wing could no longer contain any metal. Brake ducts could no longer be outsourced and must be made and designed by the team. The amount of fuel that could be outside of the fuel tank was reduced from 2 litres (3.5 imp pt) to 250 millilitres (0.44 imp pt). A decrease in electronic driver aids meant that drivers were responsible for managing more of the car's torque during race starts.[74]
From theItalian Grand Prix, drivers were only allowed to run one engine mode from the start of qualifying to the end of the race.[78] However, drivers were still allowed to use electrical power for thepowertrain throughout the race weekend.[79]
Italian-based teamsFerrari andAlphaTauri expressed concern about the spread of the disease and its effect on the championship.[80][81] As Italy sufferedone of the worst outbreaks of the virus, both teams were concerned about the ability of their staff to leave the quarantine zone established in northern Italy and to enter host nations. Pre-season testing in Barcelona proceeded as planned, with all teams and drivers completing the six days of testing.[82]
Ross Brawn, the managing director of the sport, announced that Grands Prix would not go ahead if a team were blocked from entering a host nation, but that events could go ahead if a team voluntarily chose not to enter a host nation.[83] In early March, organisers of theBahrain Grand Prix stated that the event would be "participants-only" and that no spectators would be allowed.[84]
The season-openingAustralian Grand Prix was expected to go ahead and all teams and drivers arrived at the venue as planned. Three days before the race was due to take place, McLaren announced their withdrawal from the event after a team member tested positive for the virus.[85] This led to the Grand Prix being cancelled altogether the following morning.[86] Later that day, it was announced that the Bahrain Grand Prix would be postponed rather than closed to spectators, as would the inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix.[56]
Formula One and theFIA released a joint statement saying that they "expect to begin the Championship in Europe at the end of May" but that this timeline "will be regularly reviewed".[87] On 19 March, the FIA announced that theDutch,Spanish andMonaco Grands Prix had all been postponed indefinitely due to the pandemic. In the statement, the FIA said they now expect to begin the season "as soon as it is safe to do so after May" and that the situation would continue to be monitored.[88] The organisers of the Monaco race, Automobile Club de Monaco, clarified that the race had been cancelled. This meant that Formula One would not race in Monaco for the first time since1954.[89] Four days later, organisers of theAzerbaijan Grand Prix announced that the race had been postponed.[90]
In early April, organisers of the Canadian Grand Prix announced the race's postponement.[59] Later in the month, theFrench Grand Prix organisers confirmed that the race would not be held in 2020,[60] and the managing director ofSilverstone Circuit stated that should theBritish Grand Prix go ahead, it would be without spectators.[91] In May, organisers of theHungarian Grand Prix announced that their race would use the same model.[92] The sport's plans to resume competition called for a ban on team motorhomes and a rigid testing regime to stop any outbreak of the virus.[93]
TheDutch Grand Prix was cancelled entirely in late May, with organisers of the event stating that they would prefer to host the revived race with spectators in attendance in 2021 rather than without spectators in 2020.[70] Formula One confirmed the cancellation of theAzerbaijan,Singapore andJapanese Grands Prix in June.[94] Organisers of the Azerbaijan and Singapore races cited the difficulty of assembling the infrastructure required for astreet circuit as the reason for their cancellation, while the Japanese Grand Prix was cancelled because of the Japanese government's travel restrictions. In July theBrazilian,Canadian,Mexico City andUnited States Grands Prix were formally cancelled amidst rising virus cases and travel restrictions inthe Americas.[95] However, organisers of the Brazilian Grand Prix disputed the claims ofFormula One Management and were unhappy with their race being cancelled without further consultation.[96] In August the cancellation of theChinese Grand Prix was announced,[97] followed, in October, by the cancellation of the inauguralVietnamese Grand Prix.[66]
The annual summer break, where factories shut down for two weeks, was brought forward from August to March and April. Teams nominated a three-week period to close with the aim of making room for races later in the year.[98] At the end of March, it was announced that for the first time the factory shut-down would additionally apply to power unit manufacturers.[99][100] The factory shut-down period was later extended to a total of nine weeks for competitors and seven weeks for power unit manufacturers.[101][102]
In March, teams agreed that the 2020 Championship could run into early 2021 to ensure the running of as many races as possible. Such a move would also ensure that eight Grands Prix could be held, over three different continents, thereby meeting the minimum number of races needed for the season to qualify as a World Championship.[103][104][105]
In early April, Ross Brawn suggested that a rescheduled calendar of 18 or 19 races would be possible should racing begin in July, and that the opening round "is most likely to be in Europe", potentially without spectators.[106] He also raised the possibility of Grand Prix events being reduced to two days in order to ease pressure on logistical operations.[106] However,Alfa Romeo Racing managing directorFrédéric Vasseur cautioned that a condensed calendar could escalate the costs of competing and put smaller teams at risk of financial collapse.[107] This was reiterated by other teams[who?], who pointed out that the race sanctioning fees paid by event organisers contributed to the prize money awarded to all teams at the end of the year. This money is awarded proportionally based on the teams' World Constructors' Championship positions and forms a significant part of a team's budget for the upcoming year. With fewer races and the prize structure remaining fixed, teams were concerned that they would suffer a significant financial loss.[108]
In a statement in late April, Formula OneCEOChase Carey declared the intention to begin the season on 5 July and a target to hold between 15 and 18 races overall.[109] In June, the first eight races of a rescheduled calendar were confirmed, with the season expected to begin on 5 July with theAustrian Grand Prix. This revised calendar included two newly named one-off events—both second races at theRed Bull Ring andSilverstone—known as theStyrian and the70th Anniversary Grands Prix, respectively.[51] Ross Brawn announced that the eight-round calendar was expected to grow and that the sport was considering races at venues that were not on the original calendar or using multiple configurations of existing circuits to achieve the goal of fifteen Grands Prix.[110]
In August, it was announced that Formula One would return toIstanbul Park for the firstTurkish Grand Prix since the2011 season, together with the debut of theSakhir Grand Prix, to be held at theBahrain International Circuit, using the configuration of the track called "Outer Circuit". They join the rescheduledBahrain andAbu Dhabi Grands Prix as the final four races of the season, bringing the calendar to seventeen races.[115][116]
Of the races and dates on the original calendar, only four races, theAustrian,Belgian,Italian andRussian Grands Prix kept their original dates.
The pandemic required changes to the format of a race weekend, which included abandoning the drivers' parade and pre-race assembly for the host venue's national anthem. A modified podium ceremony was planned for after races.[117] The FIA introduced limits to the number of team personnel who could be on the starting grid to prepare cars and changed the cut-off times for cars to leave pit lane to minimise the amount of time team personnel spent on the grid.[118] Tyre supplierPirelli was also required to provide an identical allocation of tyre compounds to all teams and drivers. Where Pirelli were previously required to announce compounds for a race several weeks in advance, this window was reduced to two weeks, allowing them to respond to anticipated changes to the calendar.[118]
In June, Formula One launched theWe Race As One initiative to fight racism, global inequity and the impact of COVID-19. The initiative used a rainbow logo, with the colours of all ten Formula One teams, also with the #WeRaceAsOne hashtag, and featured prominentWe Race As One branding on vehicles (including the safety car) and signage on track. Formula One and several teams launched projects or fundraising efforts in support of the initiative.[119][120]
Ahead of the season openingAustrian Grand Prix,Red Bull launched a protest against theMercedes F1 W11's dual axis steering, a system where the driver can adjust thetoe of the car by pulling and pushing on the steering wheel. The system was found to be legal for 2020, but it would be banned by the FIA from 2021 onward.[121]
After theStyrian Grand Prix,Renault launched a protest against the brake ducts ofRacing Point's car, theRP20, alleging that Racing Point had copied the brake ducts from theMercedes F1 W10, the car used in 2019 byMercedes. Similar protests would be launched after theHungarian andBritish Grands Prix with the verdict being published between the British and70th Anniversary Grands Prix. The ruling concluded thatRacing Point had illegally copied the brake ducts of the Mercedes F1 W10 and Racing Point were subsequently penalised by 15 Constructors' Championship points and fined€400,000.[122]
Racing Point,Ferrari,McLaren, Renault andWilliams had all indicated an intention to appeal the stewards decision with Racing Point trying to clear their name and Ferrari, McLaren, Williams and Renault appealing for a tougher sanction.[123] Ferrari, Renault and Racing Point confirmed their appeal, while Williams and McLaren pulled out of the appeal.[124][125] Later, Renault announced their decision to withdraw the appeal against the penalty handed out to Racing Point.[126] The same decision was made by Racing Point and Ferrari before and after theItalian Grand Prix, respectively.[127][128]
The delayed season started with five races at three venues.
The first pair of races took place atRed Bull Ring in Spielberg. In theAustrian Grand Prix,Valtteri Bottas, driving forMercedes, tookpole position, ahead of his teammateLewis Hamilton andRed Bull'sMax Verstappen; however, Hamilton was given a three-place grid penalty, since he did not slow sufficiently when yellow flags were waved following a small mistake by Bottas. This promoted Verstappen to second,McLaren driverLando Norris to third, andAlexander Albon to fourth. In an eventful race, featuring three safety car periods and the retirements of nine drivers, Bottas won, ahead of theFerrari ofCharles Leclerc and Norris. Hamilton crossed the line in second place, but received a five-second time penalty after a collision with Albon, who soon retired; after the penalty was applied, Hamilton finished fourth, ahead ofCarlos Sainz Jr.,Sergio Pérez andPierre Gasly.[129]
The temporary format for some rounds featured consecutive races in consecutive weeks at the same venue. This was the case when the series stayed in Spielberg for theStyrian Grand Prix, named for the state where the circuit is located, which was won by Hamilton ahead of Bottas and Verstappen.[130]
TheHungaroring inMogyoród fielded the first single race meeting of the year, theHungarian Grand Prix, which started with a slippery track. Verstappen slid into the barrier on his way to the grid and broke his steering axis, but his mechanics managed to repair the car before the race start. The race winner was Hamilton, with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third place.[131]
The next stop was Silverstone, which as another two-in-two format where Hamilton won the first race, theBritish Grand Prix, despite his left-front tyre delaminating in the middle of the last lap. Verstappen finished second with Leclerc in third.[132] Bottas had a puncture which resulted in him finishing in eleventh.Daniil Kvyat had a puncture at high speed entering Maggotts corner which resulted in a big crash with a safety car, and Sainz Jr. finished 13th after a puncture made him fall from what would have been 4th place. In the second race at Silverstone the next week, the70th Anniversary Grand Prix, Verstappen won with Hamilton second and Bottas third. This was the first non-Mercedes win of the season.[133]
Formula One then concluded the first part of the season with a single race at Montmeló. TheSpanish Grand Prix was won by Hamilton with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third.[134]
The next six races were single rounds at each venue, including two new circuits and a returning circuit. TheBelgian Grand Prix was won byLewis Hamilton, who led every lap and won by 8 seconds over teammateValtteri Bottas who finished second ahead ofMax Verstappen.Daniel Ricciardo finished fourth, setting the fastest lap on the last lap. On lap 11,Antonio Giovinazzi crashed at Campus corner; one of the wheels of his car came loose and hit the front right suspension ofGeorge Russell’s car, causing both drivers to retire from the race. This brought out the safety car for three laps.Renault achieved a finish of P4 and P5, equalling their best result since their return to the sport in 2016.[135]
The inauguralTuscan Grand Prix, Ferrari's 1000th Grand Prix start, resulted in Hamilton's sixth race win of the season, and Mercedes's third 1–2 finish. Bottas overtook Hamilton into turn one before a major collision at turn two caused the retirement of both Verstappen (who had fallen from 3rd to 14th due to a power issue) and Gasly. This brought out the safety car for 8 laps to allow for the debris to be cleared. At the end of the safety car period, a major misunderstanding in the upper midfield led to a large collision down the pit straight, causing the retirement ofNicholas Latifi,Kevin Magnussen, Giovinazzi and Sainz Jr., and a red flag period. At the first restart, Hamilton overtook Bottas and led the race from there onwards. On lap 42, Ricciardo looked poised for his first podium since the2018 Monaco Grand Prix when Stroll'sRacing Point spun off the track due to apuncture, causing the second red flag of the race. This was the first time since the2016 Brazilian Grand Prix that there were two red flag periods in one race. At the second restart, Hamilton maintained his lead to win the race.Red Bull'sAlexander Albon overtook Ricciardo in the closing laps, earning his first ever podium and the first podium for aThai driver in Formula One.[137]
At theRussian Grand Prix, Hamilton started on pole, but two separate five-second penalties for practice starts outside the designated area meant he finished third; teammate Bottas won the Grand Prix with Verstappen in second.[138]
For the first time since2013, Formula One returned to theNürburgring GP-Strecke with theEifel Grand Prix. Five cars retired in the forms of Russell,Esteban Ocon, Albon,Lando Norris and Bottas, who had started from pole. Hamilton took first place after Bottas locked up into turn 1 on lap 13. Hamilton would go on to win the race, his 7th win this season. Ricciardo claimed his first podium for Renault, finishing the race in third. The race also saw Räikkönen pass therecord for most race starts.[139]
At thePortuguese Grand Prix, the first in Portimão, Hamilton took his 92nd win, taking the record for most wins that had been held byMichael Schumacher. Bottas would finish second in the race, twenty-five seconds behind his teammate, with Verstappen finishing third.[140]
The final two-in-two took place in Sakhir. At theBahrain Grand Prix, Hamilton claimed his 11th win of the year, followed by Verstappen andAlexander Albon in second and third. The race was marred by a serious accident involvingHaas driverRomain Grosjean, who hit a barrier at the start of the race after making contact with theAlphaTauri ofDaniil Kvyat. Grosjean's car broke in two and burst into flames as it split the barrier. Numerous safety features allowed him to escape the crash[144] with only burns to the hands, though they would prove severe enough to exclude him from the remainder of the season, it would be Grosjean's final race with Haas after over 9 years in Formula One.[145][146] Pérez surrendered third place after an engine failure, putting him out of the race, whilst teammate Stroll flipped at the restart after contact with Kvyat.[147]
The second part of the double was run on the outer circuit. Hamilton was ruled out of theSakhir Grand Prix after testing positive for thecoronavirus and was replaced by Williams'George Russell. Russell impressed by taking the lead from new teammate and pole-sitter Bottas and led for 59 laps, before being taken out of contention by first a tyre mix-up by Mercedes and then a late-race puncture, eventually finishing 9th. Despite being dropped to last position through a lap 1 collision with Leclerc and Verstappen, Pérez took his first race victory, followed byEsteban Ocon taking his first podium finish in 2nd and Stroll finishing 3rd.[148] With his win, Pérez took the record for the most race starts before a first victory, with 190 race starts, beatingMark Webber's record of 130 starts before his win at the2009 German Grand Prix.[149]
At theAbu Dhabi Grand Prix, Hamilton returned for the last race of the season after testing negative for the coronavirus. Verstappen took the pole position and his 10th win in Formula One ahead of Bottas and Hamilton, who finished second and third, respectively. This race was the last for Vettel atFerrari, after six years, and Pérez atRacing Point, after two years at Racing Point and five at their indirect predecessor,Force India.[150] Ferrari finished sixth in the World Constructors' Championship, their worst championship result since1980 when they finished tenth.[151]
Points were awarded to the top ten classified drivers and the driver who set the fastest lap. The driver with the fastest lap had to be within the top 10 to receive the point. In the case of a tie on points a countback system was used where the driver with the best results is ranked higher, if the best result was identical then the next best result was considered. The points were awarded for every race using the following system:[153]
† – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
The standings are sorted by best result, rows are not related to the drivers. In case of tie on points, the best positions achieved determined the outcome.
^Racing Point F1 Team used Mercedes-AMG F1 M11 power units. For sponsorship purposes, these engines were rebadged as "BWT Mercedes".[19]
^When Hülkenberg raced forRacing Point for the2020 Eifel Grand Prix, he drove the car that was previously entered forLance Stroll, rather than the car he had driven in the fourth and fifth rounds.
^Stroll was entered into the2020 Eifel Grand Prix, but later withdrew after feeling unwell and testing positive for thecoronavirus on the day of the race.[20]
^Williams entered pre-season testing as "ROKiT Williams Racing".[26]
^Under the FIA's International Sporting Code, a season must contest races across three continents to be considered a World Championship. To ensure a championship was officially completed the FIA decided to waive the requirement in the International Sporting Code for any series under the FIA's control to race on least three continents to be classed as World Championship.[49][50]
^The Hungarian Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 2 August, but was rescheduled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, replacing the British Grand Prix race date.
^The British Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 19 July, but was rescheduled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, replacing the Hungarian Grand Prix race date.
^The Spanish Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 10 May, but was rescheduled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
^The Bahrain Grand Prix was run using the traditional layout called the "Grand Prix Circuit", while the Sakhir Grand Prix was run using a different layout called the "Outer Circuit".
^The Bahrain Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 22 March, but was rescheduled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, replacing the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix race date.
^The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 29 November, but was rescheduled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
^All Formula One Grands Prix held at the Nürburgring since1984 have used the 5-kilometre-long (3.1 mi) GP-Strecke and not the 21-kilometre-long (13 mi) Nordschleife, which was last used by Formula One in1976.
^Racing Point drivers scored 210 points, but the constructor was deducted 15 points after a protest fromRenault was upheld regarding the legality oftheir car.[155]
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