Colorado Proposition 114 (also theReintroduction and Management of Gray Wolves Proposition, and formerlyInitiative #107) was aballot measure that was approved inColorado in theNovember 2020 elections. It was a proposal toreintroduce the gray wolf back into the state. The proposition was passed with a narrow margin, making Colorado the first US state to pass legislation to reintroduce wildlife.[2]
Gray wolves are native toNorth America,[3] including Colorado and were once present across the state.Overhunting of common prey (especiallyelk) and an increase in livestock numbers forced them into conflict with ranchers.[4][5] Wolves were hunted, trapped and poisoned intolocal extinction by the 1940s.[6]
TheColorado Parks and Wildlife Commission rejected a proposal to reintroduce the gray wolf in 2016, citing the potential impact onbig game andlivestock ranching in the state as well as the fact that the national gray wolf population elsewhere had already exceeded federal conservation goals.[7] Resolutions by the Commission opposing reintroduction had also been passed in 1982 and 1989.[8]
Proposition 114 was instigated throughballot initiative as Initiative #107. Rocky Mountain Wolf Action Fund claimed in December 2019 that they had gathered 211,000 signatures in support of Initiative #107.[9] In January 2020 it was confirmed that the initiative had collected 139,333 valid signatures, above the 124,632 signatures needed to be included in the2020 elections.[10]
Proposition 114 directs the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission to:[11]
Develop plans to begin to reintroduce and manage gray wolves in designated areas in Colorado west of theContinental Divide by December 31, 2023.
Hold hearings across the state on scientific, economic and social considerations.
Periodically update the plan using public input.
Use state funds to help livestock owners adapt to prevent conflict with wolf populations, and to pay fair compensation for livestock losses to gray wolves.
Almost all the potential core wolf habitat is in the west of Colorado, in or to the west of theSouthern Rocky Mountains,[12] whereasthe state's most populous areas are more to the east.[13] The proposals were estimated to cost between $5 million and $6 million over six years.[14]
The Rocky Mountain Wolf Action Fund led the campaign in support of Proposition 114.[15][16]
It was argued that wolves would "restore Colorado's natural balance", and that reintroduction was needed to counter the effects of the gray wolf's protections under theEndangered Species Act being removed in October 2020.[12][17]Mike Phillips, a wolf biologist, said that having gray wolves in Colorado again would "serve as thearchstone" in connecting wolf populations to the north and south.[18]
Stop The Wolf PAC led the campaign against Proposition 114.[16]
It was argued that the proposition would have negative effects on ranchers like past propositions, such as one in the 1990s which banned hunting bytrapping, snare or poison.[29][30] Some opponents of the proposition argued that wolves should naturally repopulate the state rather than state agencies interfering.[30]
By October 2020, 39 of Colorado's 64 counties adopted resolutions opposing the measure.[31]
In the 2021 regular session of theColorado Legislature, HB21-1037 was introduced by RepresentativeMatt Soper and SenatorsBob Rankin andRay Scott. The bill sought to limit the areas where the wolves are reintroduced into, to those which voted for Proposition 114 and those which are not home to animals which are the prey of gray wolves and designated byColorado Parks and Wildlife to be threatened or endangered.[45] A non-partisan analysis from legislative staff commented that the bill "would appear to rule out any reintroduction".[46] The bill failed to progress from theColorado House Energy and Environment Committee in February 2021.[47]
The first phase of public involvement in reintroduction efforts was undertaken from July to August 2021, including a schedule of over 40 meetings and focus groups.[48]
County results
Precinct results
Yes
