2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections

← 2016 May 13, 2019 (2019-05-13) 2022 →

All 304 seats to theHouse of Representatives of the Philippines 153 seats needed for a majority

Congressional district elections

All 243 seats fromcongressional districts

Party Vote % Seats +/– PDP–Laban 31.22 82 +79 Nacionalista 16.10 42 +18 NPC 14.31 37 −5 NUP 9.51 25 +2 Liberal 5.73 18 −97 Lakas 5.11 12 +8 PFP 2.38 5 +5 Aksyon 0.98 1 0 PMP 0.98 1 +1 LDP 0.62 2 0 PRP 0.34 1 +1 CDP 0.20 1 +1 Others 9.61 16 +8 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

Party-list election

All 61 seats under theparty-list system

Party Vote % Seats +/– ACT-CIS 9.51 3 +3 Bayan Muna 4.01 3 +2 Ako Bicol 3.76 2 −1 CIBAC 3.33 2 +1 Ang Probinsyano 2.76 2 +2 1-Pacman 2.56 2 0 Marino 2.44 2 +2 Probinsyano Ako 2.26 2 +2 Others 46.48 43 +11 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Election results; map refers to results from congressional districts, withMetro Manila, parts ofMetro Cebu andMetro Davao at the inset, while the boxes to the left represent party-list seats. Speaker before Speaker after Gloria Macapagal Arroyo PDP–Laban Alan Peter Cayetano Nacionalista

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The2019 Philippine House of Representatives elections were the 35thlower house elections in the Philippines, and 25th as House of Representatives. They were held on May 13, 2019, to elect members to theHouse of Representatives.

Candidates were expected to be either for or against PresidentRodrigo Duterte. As the Philippines has amulti-party system, those who are for (or against) Duterte may find themselves running against each other. Other districts that may be seen assafe seats may see a candidate elected unopposed. Several seats have not been apportioned since 1907,gerrymandering on some newly apportioned seats and entrenchment ofpolitical dynasties make competitive races in so-calledswing seats rare. TheLiberal Party was expected to lead the opposition against PDP–Laban.

The pro-Duterte parties overwhelmingly won most of the seats in the House. Pro-Duterte party-listACT-CIS emerged as the topnotcher in the party-list election. There was infighting among the pro-Duterte parties on who should be elected Speaker.Alan Peter Cayetano agreed on term-sharing withLord Allan Jay Velasco for the speakership, with the former serving for the first 15 months, while the latter serving for the last 21 months.

ThePhilippines usesparallel voting for its lower house elections. There are currently 297 seats in the House; 238 of these are district representatives, and 59 are party-list representatives. Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under theplurality voting system fromsingle-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft"election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most votes usually wins three seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota is not met.

Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of anelection slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign.^{[citation needed]}

Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.^{[citation needed]}

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment three years after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.^[1]

In total, five new district seats were created. Two were inIsabela, where the entire province was redistricted from four districts to six, and one each inCavite, where the sixth district was redistricted into districts,Aklan, which was divided into two districts, andLaguna, whereCalamba was separated from the second district.

• Reapportionment ofCavite's6th district and7th district to three districts
  • General Trias becomes the6th district.
  • The rest of the old 6th district andIndang from the 7th district becomes the7th district.
  • The rest of the old 7th district becomes the8th district.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11069.^[2]
• Division ofAklan's at-large district to two districts
  • Aklan's eastern municipalities becomes the1st district.
  • The western municipalities becomes the2nd district.^[3]
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11077.^[3]
• Division ofLaguna's 2nd district to two districts
  • Calamba becomes its ownat-large district.
  • The rest of the 2nd district was kept intact.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11078.^[3]
• Reapportionment ofIsabela fromfour districts to six
  • This reapportions Isabela from the current four districts to six.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11080.^[4]

There were an additional two new districts created, after preparations have begun:

• Division ofSouthern Leyte's at-large district to two districts
  • Southern Leyte's municipalities to the east ofSogod Bay becomes the1st district.
  • The municipalities to the west, includingSogod, becomes the2nd district.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11198.^[5]
• Division ofSouth Cotabato's 1st district to two districts
  • General Santos becomes the3rd district.
  • The rest of the 1st district is kept intact.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11243.^[6]

However, as preparations were already on its way when the laws for the creation of General Santos's and Southern Leyte's districts were made, the commission decided to delay elections for the four seats involved to October 2019; the ballots for those districts showed their previous conflagrations as if it were not redistricted yet. A lawsuit was then decided by theSupreme Court prior to rescheduled elections, ordering the commission to declare the winner of the election inSouth Cotabato's 1st district.^[7] Upon doing so, the commission then declared the winner of the Southern Leyte at-large district as well. The first elections for these two districts shall be in 2022, at the next general election.

As there are now 243 districts; therefore, there are 61 party-list seats (at least 20% of the total), an increase from 59. The 18th Congress shall then have 304 representatives.

These representatives were term-limited, and were thus not allowed to run in 2019:

These representatives are not term limited, but did not run:

• Vicente Alcala (PDP–Laban, Quezon-2nd)

  Ran and lost for Governor ofQuezon.^[34]

• Arlene Arcillas (PDP–Laban, Laguna-1st)

  Ran and won for Mayor ofSanta Rosa, Laguna.^[35]

• Jennifer Austria-Barzaga (NUP, Cavite 4th)

  Ran and won for Mayor ofDasmariñas, Cavite.

• Ferjenel Biron (National Unity Party, Iloilo-4th)

  Ran and lost for Governor ofIloilo.^[36]

• Pia Cayetano, (Nacionalista, Taguig–2nd)

  Ran and won for senator.

• Vincent Crisologo (PDP–Laban, Quezon City–1st)

  Ran and lost forMayor of Quezon City.^[37]

• Anna Katrina Enverga-dela Paz (NPC, Quezon-1st)

  Running for reelection, later withdrew

• Gwendolyn Garcia (PDP–Laban, Cebu–3rd)

  Ran and won for Governor ofCebu.^[38]

• Alexandra Gonzales (PDP–Laban, Mandaluyong)

  Running for reelection, later withdrew

• Datu Zajid Mangudadatu (PDP–Laban, Maguindanao-2nd)

  Ran and lost for senator

• Danilo Suarez (Lakas, Quezon-3rd)

  Ran and won for Governor of Quezon.^[34]

• Chiqui Roa-Puno (NUP, Antipolo-1st)

  Not running for reelection

• Monsour del Rosario (PDP–Laban, Makati-1st)

  Ran and lost for Vice Mayor ofMakati.^[39]

• Gustavo Tambunting (PDP–Laban, Parañaque–2nd)

  Running for reelection, later withdrew

These congressmen left office before their terms expired, and were not replaced. As the 17th Congress has not called for special elections, these seats remain vacant until thesine die adjournment. For party-list representatives, the next person on the list would assume office. In both instances this happened, the next person on the list replaced the person who resigned.

• Tupay Loong (NUP, Sulu-1st)

  Died on June 30, 2016, before taking his oath of office.^[40]

• Mark Villar (Nacionalista, Las Piñas)

  Resigned after appointed asSecretary of Public Works and Highways on August 1, 2016.^[41]

• Jum Jainudin Akbar (Liberal, Basilan)

  Died on November 11, 2016.^[42]

• Maximo Dalog (Liberal, Mountain Province)

  Died on June 3, 2017.^[43]

• Henedina Abad (Liberal, Batanes)

  Died on October 8, 2017.^[44]

The seats held by each party were expected to change by the time candidacies were declared in late 2018.

The parties under theMakabayan bloc was formerly supportive of Duterte's policies until Duterte suspended peace talks with theCommunist Party of the Philippines.^{[citation needed]}

These are themarginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less, in ascending order.

This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	PDP–Laban	12,653,960	31.22	+29.32	82	+79
	Nacionalista Party	6,524,100	16.10	+6.68	42	+18
	Nationalist People's Coalition	5,797,543	14.31	−2.73	37	−5
	National Unity Party	3,852,909	9.51	−0.16	25	+2
	Liberal Party	2,321,759	5.73	−35.99	18	−97
	Lakas–CMD	2,069,871	5.11	+3.57	12	+8
	Partido Federal ng Pilipinas	965,048	2.38	New	5	New
	Hugpong ng Pagbabago	652,318	1.61	New	3	New
	Aksyon Demokratiko	398,616	0.98	−0.4	1	0
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	396,614	0.98	+0.77	1	New
	Bukidnon Paglaum	335,628	0.83	+0.48	2	+1
	Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan	259,423	0.64	New	0	0
	Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino	252,806	0.62	+0.32	2	0
	United Nationalist Alliance	232,657	0.57	−6.05	0	−11
	Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod	197,024	0.49	+0.35	1	New
	Partidong Pagbabago ng Palawan	185,810	0.46	New	2	New
	Bileg Ti Ilokano	158,523	0.39	New	1	New
	People's Reform Party	138,014	0.34	New	1	New
	Unang Sigaw	120,674	0.30	New	0	0
	Katipunan ng Demokratikong Pilipino	116,453	0.29	New	0	0
	Asenso Abrenio	115,865	0.29	New	1	New
	KAMBILAN	107,078	0.26	New	0	0
	Padayon Pilipino	98,450	0.24	−0.10	0	0
	Asenso Manileño	84,656	0.21	−0.29	2	0
	Kusog Bicolandia	82,832	0.20	New	0	0
	Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines	81,741	0.20	+0.16	1	New
	Partido Navoteño	80,265	0.20	New	1	New
	Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran	65,836	0.16	−0.03	1	0
	Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas	56,223	0.14	New	0	0
	Bagumbayan–VNP	33,731	0.08	New	0	0
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	33,594	0.08	−0.45	0	0
	Adelante Zamboanga Party	28,605	0.07	New	0	0
	Labor Party Philippines	9,718	0.02	+0.00	0	0
	Democratic Party of the Philippines	1,110	0.00	New	0	0
	Hugpong Surigao Sur	816	0.00	New	0	0
	Philippine Green Republican Party	701	0.00	−0.01	0	0
	Independent	2,014,211	4.97	−0.86	2	−2
Party-list seats[a]					61	+2
Total		40,525,182	100.00	–	304	+5
Valid votes		40,525,182	86.34	+2.37
Invalid/blank votes		6,411,957	13.66	−2.37
Total votes		46,937,139	–	–
Registered voters/turnout		61,843,771	75.90	−5.76
Source: COMELEC(Seats won),(Turnout and electorate)

Notes