The2019 New York City Public Advocate special election was held on February 26, 2019, to fill part of the unexpired term ofLetitia James's vacated seat asNew York City Public Advocate. It was triggered on January 1, 2019, when James resigned to take office asAttorney General of New York.
As with all special elections in New York City, it was officially nonpartisan, and candidates who file for the race had to create a unique party line that will be displayed on the ballot. A partisan primary and aNovember general election were held later in 2019 to complete the remaining years of James' term.[1]
Following ballot petition challenges and appeals, theBoard of Elections certified the subsequent list of candidates that are in chronological order of petition filings, along with their unique party lines, who appeared on the ballot in this sequence:[2][3][4][5]
Speculation about a possible special election began before incumbentTish James had won the Democratic primary for the office ofNew York Attorney General, with former speakers of theNew York City CouncilChristine Quinn andMelissa Mark-Viverito being mentioned by theGotham Gazette as potential frontrunners.[13] Of the two, Quinn was considered a moderate Democrat, while Mark-Viverito was seen as being on the left of the party.[13] Republican city councillorJoe Borelli was also considered a likely candidate, as the almost certainly numerous Democratic field was considered to have the potential to divide the vote enough for a Republican to win, despite New York City's heavily Democratic lean.[13] James proceeded to win the attorney general primary, creating an almost certain opening for the Public Advocate seat.[14] The results of the statewide Democratic primaries that year created another frontrunner for the race, New York City councillorJumaane Williams, who had narrowly lost the Democratic primary forLieutenant Governor of New York, but had performed well in New York City, especially inBrooklyn.[14]
The first candidate to enter the race was activistNomiki Konst on September 27, 2018.[15] Konst, ademocratic socialist, announced an intent to run as an outsider.[15] State assemblymanMichael Blake entered the race on October 19, and Williams announced his candidacy four days later.[16] Williams was considered to be a staunchly left-wing Democrat, granting him potential support from the powerful progressive movement in the city, and his declaration that he would not run forMayor of New York City in2021 was thought to potentially allow him to win the support of prospective mayoral contenders.[17] However, Williams' pastsocially conservative statements were considered a potential liability of his, in spite of his repudiation of said statements.[18] City councillorEric Ulrich eventually emerged as the strongest Republican candidate. A moderate Republican, Ulrich declared that he was "Pro-choice and Pro-Labor rights", and it was considered possible for him to win support from moderate Democrats, but his opposition to PresidentDonald Trump was considered likely to depress Republican turnout.[19][20] Mark-Viverito entered the race on November 27.[21] Several other candidates entered the race over the course of late 2018, such as State assemblymenDaniel O'Donnell andRon Kim, as well as City councillorsRafael Espinal andYdanis Rodriguez.[2] Of these candidates, O'Donnell was considered to have an asset in that his assembly district was highly affluent and had a reputation for high voter turnout.[2]
A total of 17 candidates had their petitions to get on the ballot approved by theBoard of Elections.[4] Originally, only 16 candidates were approved, but an appeal by minor candidate Helal Shiekh was successful and he was placed on the ballot.[4] The large field of candidates, featuring several prominent politicians, divided the New York City Council, with few members making endorsements as they had good relations with several different candidates.[22] In December 2018, several ballot initiatives were passed in New York City that made it substantially easier for candidates topublicly finance their campaigns.[23] This development was viewed as harming Mark-Viverito's campaign, as under the old financing rules she had had a large fundraising advantage over all other candidates, due to her several high-profile campaigns for the City Council.[23] Mark-Viverito's campaign also suffered from many left-wing groups, which had previously supported her, becoming disillusioned with her as a result of her tenure as City council speaker, where she had compromised on reforming theNew York Police Department and had closely collaborated with MayorBill de Blasio on controversial rezoning decisions.[24]
The issues ofAmazon potentially opening a large headquarters in New York and the mayoralty of de Blasio were both highly prevalent among the campaigns.[25] Most candidates vocally opposed Amazon's plan, with Ulrich being the only exception.[25] Most candidates also strongly criticised de Blasio's policies on housing rezoning and his pro-Amazon actions, and especially criticised hisplans to run for President of the United States.[26] As the campaign progressed, Williams and Mark-Viverito emerged as the only candidates with a realistic shot at winning the election, though Blake was regarded as being third in the race and having an outside chance at winning.[27] Williams' campaign suffered from numerous controversies, such as allegations that he had not dealt with abusive behaviour within his campaign staff and revelations that he had received 27speeding violations inschool zones, but these controversies were noted as having surprisingly little effect on his popularity.[28]
Eli Valentin of theGotham Gazette noted that Mark-Viverito had failed to win support fromLatino voters that had been expected to back her campaign, which he attributed to both the presence of other Latino candidates in the race in the form of Rodriguez and Espinal, as well as Williams' surprisingly strong performance among Latino voters.[39] Williams' margin of victory was considered surprisingly large.[39]
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