2018 United States House of Representatives elections

← 2016 November 6, 2018 2020 →
← 2017(special elections) 2019(special elections) →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 435 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives[a] 218 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	50.3%[1] 4.4pp
Majority party Minority party   Leader Nancy Pelosi Paul Ryan (retired) Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 2003 October 29, 2015 Leader's seat California 12th Wisconsin 1st Last election 194 seats, 48.0%[2] 241 seats, 49.1%[2] Seats won 235[b] 199[b] Seat change 41[c] 42[d] Popular vote 60,572,245[3] 50,861,970[3] Percentage 53.4% 44.8% Swing 5.4pp 4.3pp
Results:      Democratic hold     Democratic gain      Republican hold     Republican gain      Result voided and sent to special election[e]
Speaker before election Paul Ryan Republican ElectedSpeaker Nancy Pelosi Democratic

The2018 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2018, as part of the2018 midterm elections during PresidentDonald Trump's first term, with early voting taking place in some states in the weeks preceding that date. Voters chose representatives from all 435congressional districts across each of the 50U.S. states to serve in the116th United States Congress.Non-voting delegates from theDistrict of Columbia and four of the five inhabitedU.S. territories^[f] were also elected. On election day, Republicans had held a House majority sinceJanuary 2011.^[4]

In the 2018 elections, theDemocrats, led byNancy Pelosi, won control of the House. The Democrats gained a net total of 41 seats from the total number of seats they had won in the2016 elections. The 41-seat gain was the Democrats' largest gain of House seats since the post-Watergate1974 elections, when they picked up 49 seats. This was the first timesince 1954 that Democrats flipped a chamber of Congress in a Republican president's first midterm. Democrats also won the popular vote by an 8.6% margin, the largest margin of victory for any party during a midterm election since1986.

Upon the opening of the 116th Congress, Pelosi waselected asSpeaker of the House.^[5] Incumbent Republican House SpeakerPaul Ryan chose not to run for another term.^[6] In November 2018, House Republicans electedKevin McCarthy as House Minority Leader.^[7]

The House Republicans' passage of the widely unpopularAmerican Health Care Act of 2017 to repeal theAffordable Care Act, as well as opposition toTrump's policies, his low approval ratings, and questions about his personal stamina for office, are credited for the Democratic takeover of the House.^[8][9]

This marks the last time Democrats won any House seats inOklahoma andUtah; the last time they won a majority of seats inIowa andMinnesota; and the last time they won every seat based inNew York City andOrange County, California. As of 2025, this is the last time any party won at least 230 House seats.

TheDemocratic Party won control of the House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm elections. The Democrats gained a net total of 41 seats from the total number of seats they had won in the2016 elections. This was their largest gain of House seats in an election since the1974 elections, when the Democrats gained 49 House seats.^{[10][11][12][13]} Democrats won the popular vote by more than 9.7 million votes, or 8.6%,^[14] the largest midterm margin for any party^[15] and the largest margin on record for a minority party.^[16]

According to theAssociated Press' statistical analysis,gerrymandering cost the Democrats an additional sixteen House seats from Republicans.^[17]

Voter turnout in this election was 50.3%,^[1] the highest turnout in a U.S. midterm election since1914.^[18]

Note that the results summary does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results or votes cast in thevoided election inNorth Carolina's 9th congressional district.

Parties		Seats				Popular vote
		2016	2018	+/−	Strength	Vote	%	Change
	Democratic Party	194	235	41	54.0%	60,572,245	53.4%	+5.4%
	Republican Party	241	199	42	45.7%	50,861,970	44.8%	–4.3%
	Libertarian Party	—	—	—	—	758,492	0.7%	–0.6%
	Independent	—	—	—	—	569,502	0.5%	–0.2%
	Green Party	—	—	—	—	247,231	0.2%	–0.2%
	Constitution Party	—	—	—	—	59,972	0.1%	–
	Others	—	—	—	—	343,577	0.3%	–0.1%
Totals		435	435[e]	0	100.0%	113,412,989	100.0%	—
Source:[1] Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk (see note above)

State	Total seats	Democratic		Republican
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	7	1		6
Alaska	1	0		1
Arizona	9	5	1	4	1
Arkansas	4	0		4
California	53	46	7	7	7
Colorado	7	4	1	3	1
Connecticut	5	5		0
Delaware	1	1		0
Florida	27	13	2	14	2
Georgia	14	5	1	9	1
Hawaii	2	2		0
Idaho	2	0		2
Illinois	18	13	2	5	2
Indiana	9	2		7
Iowa	4	3	2	1	2
Kansas	4	1	1	3	1
Kentucky	6	1		5
Louisiana	6	1		5
Maine	2	2	1	0	1
Maryland	8	7		1
Massachusetts	9	9		0
Michigan	14	7	2	7	2
Minnesota	8	5		3
Mississippi	4	1		3
Missouri	8	2		6
Montana	1	0		1
Nebraska	3	0		3
Nevada	4	3		1
New Hampshire	2	2		0
New Jersey	12	11	4	1	4
New Mexico	3	3	1	0	1
New York	27	21	3	6	3
North Carolina	13	3		9	1
North Dakota	1	0		1
Ohio	16	4		12
Oklahoma	5	1	1	4	1
Oregon	5	4		1
Pennsylvania	18	9	4	9	4
Rhode Island	2	2		0
South Carolina	7	2	1	5	1
South Dakota	1	0		1
Tennessee	9	2		7
Texas	36	13	2	23	2
Utah	4	1	1	3	1
Vermont	1	1		0
Virginia	11	7	3	4	3
Washington	10	7	1	3	1
West Virginia	3	0		3
Wisconsin	8	3		5
Wyoming	1	0		1
Total	435	235	41	199	42

• 
  Cartogram of results
  
• 
  Popular vote by states
• 
  House seats by party holding plurality in state
• 
  Net changes to U.S. House seats after the 2018 elections
       +1 Dem House seat     +2 Dem House seats
       +3–4 Dem House seats     +7 Dem House seats
       Both parties won two seats and lost two seats, no net change.
• 
  Results shaded according to winning candidate's share of the vote

In the November general elections, 55 incumbents did not seek re-election, some of whom sought other elected office.

18 Democrats did not seek re-election.

1. Arizona 9:Kyrsten Sinema retired torun for U.S. senator.^[20]
2. Colorado 2:Jared Polis retired torun for governor of Colorado.^[20]
3. Connecticut 5:Elizabeth Esty retired after involvement in sexual harassment allegations against an employee.^[20][21]
4. Hawaii 1:Colleen Hanabusa retired torun for governor of Hawaii.^[20]
5. Illinois 4:Luis Gutiérrez retired.^[20]
6. Maryland 6:John Delaney retired torun for U.S. president.^[20]
7. Massachusetts 3:Niki Tsongas retired.^[20]
8. Michigan 9:Sander Levin retired.^[20]
9. Minnesota 1:Tim Walz retired torun for governor of Minnesota.^[20]
10. Minnesota 5:Keith Ellison retired torun for Minnesota attorney general.^[22]
11. Minnesota 8:Rick Nolan retired torun for lieutenant governor of Minnesota.^[23][24]
12. Nevada 3:Jacky Rosen retired torun for U.S. senator.^[20]
13. Nevada 4:Rubén Kihuen retired due to sexual harassment allegations.^[25]
14. New Hampshire 1:Carol Shea-Porter retired.^[20]
15. New Mexico 1:Michelle Lujan Grisham retired torun for governor of New Mexico.^[20]
16. Pennsylvania 2:Bob Brady retired after being redistricted from the 1st district.^[20]
17. Texas 16:Beto O'Rourke retired torun for U.S. senator.^[20]
18. Texas 29:Gene Green retired.^[20]

37 Republicans did not seek re-election.

1. New York 25:Louise Slaughter died on March 16, 2018.

1. Arizona 8:Trent Franks resigned on December 8, 2017.
2. Ohio 12:Pat Tiberi resigned on January 15, 2018.
3. Pennsylvania 5:Pat Meehan resigned on April 27, 2018, after being redistricted from the 7th district.
4. Pennsylvania 7:Charlie Dent resigned on May 12, 2018, after being redistricted to the 15th district.
5. Texas 27:Blake Farenthold (R) announced his retirement December 14, 2017. He resigned on April 6, 2018.
6. Utah 3:Jason Chaffetz (R) announced his retirement April 19, 2017. He resigned on June 30, 2017.

Three Democrats (including one non-voting delegate) lost renomination.

1. Guam at-large:DelegateMadeleine Bordallo lost renomination toMichael San Nicolas, who went on to win the general election.^[35][36]
2. Massachusetts 7:Mike Capuano lost renomination toAyanna Pressley, who went on to win the general election.^[37]
3. New York 14:Joe Crowley lost renomination toAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who went on to win thegeneral election.^[37]

Two Republicans lost renomination.^[37]

1. North Carolina 9:Robert Pittenger lost renomination toMark Harris. Anew special election was ordered due to electoral fraud conducted by associates of Republican Harris's campaign.^[b]
2. South Carolina 1:Mark Sanford lost renomination toKatie Arrington, who lost the general election toJoe Cunningham (D).

No Democrats lost re-election to Republicans.^[38]

Thirty Republicans lost re-election to Democrats.^[38]

Three open Democratic seats were won by Republicans.

1. Minnesota 1: won byJim Hagedorn.^[40]
2. Minnesota 8: won byPete Stauber.^[41]
3. Pennsylvania 14:Conor Lamb instead ran in the 17th district; won byGuy Reschenthaler.^[41]

Thirteen open Republican seats were won by Democrats.

1. Arizona 2: won byAnn Kirkpatrick.
2. California 39: won byGil Cisneros.
3. California 49: won byMike Levin.
4. Florida 27: won byDonna Shalala.
5. Michigan 11: won byHaley Stevens.
6. New Jersey 2: won byJeff Van Drew, who later became a Republican on December 19, 2019.^[42]
7. New Jersey 11: won byMikie Sherrill.
8. New Mexico 2: won byXochitl Torres Small.
9. Pennsylvania 5: won byMary Gay Scanlon.
10. Pennsylvania 6: won byChrissy Houlahan.
11. Pennsylvania 7: won bySusan Wild.
12. South Carolina 1: won byJoe Cunningham.
13. Washington 8: won byKim Schrier.

Three Republicans, all of whom had already announced their retirement, resigned early.

1. Florida 6:Ron DeSantis resigned on September 10, 2018, retroactive to September 1, to focus on his campaign for Governor of Florida.^[43][44] This seat was then left vacant until the 116th Congress was sworn in on January 3, 2019.
2. Oklahoma 1:Jim Bridenstine resigned on April 23, 2018, to become head of NASA.^[45] This seat was then left vacant untilKevin Hern was sworn in early on November 13, 2018, having won the regularly scheduled November 6, 2018 election for the next full term.^[46][47]
3. West Virginia 3:Evan Jenkins announced his retirement May 8, 2017, torun for U.S. Senator.^[20] He lost the nomination and then resigned September 30, 2018, when appointed to theSupreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. This seat was then left vacant until the 116th Congress was sworn in on January 3, 2019.

Eighty-nine races were decided by 10% or lower.

Elections ordered by election date.

Source: Edison Research exit poll for the National Election Pool^[51]

For the regularly scheduled November elections.

The state congressional delegation remained the same, at 6–1 for Republicans.

Republicans maintained control of the sole seat in the state.

The state congressional delegation flipped from a 5–4 Republican majority to a 5–4 Democratic majority.

The state congressional delegation remained the same with a 4–0 Republican majority.

The Democratic majority increased from 39–14 to 46–7.

The state congressional delegation flipped from a 4–3 Republican majority to a 4–3 Democratic majority.

The state congressional delegation remained unchanged at 5–0 Democrats.