The2018 Nobel Prizes were awarded by theNobel Foundation, based inSweden. Six categories were awarded:Physics,Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine,Literature,Peace, andEconomic Sciences.[1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled inOslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day inStockholm.[2][3]
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
_(adjusted).jpg) | Arthur Ashkin (1922–2020) |  American | "for groundbreaking inventions in the field oflaser physics", in particular "for theoptical tweezers and their application to biological systems" | [4] |
 | Gérard Mourou (b. 1944) |  French | "for groundbreaking inventions in the field oflaser physics", in particular "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses" | |
 | Donna Strickland (b. 1959) |  Canadian | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Frances Arnold (b. 1956) | American | "for thedirected evolution of enzymes" | [5] |
.jpg) | George Smith (b. 1941) | "for thephage display of peptides and antibodies" | ||
.jpg) | Sir Gregory Winter (b. 1951) |  British | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.JPG) | James P. Allison (b. 1948) | United States | "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation" | [6] |
 | Tasuku Honjo (b. 1942) |  Japan | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Olga Tokarczuk (b. 1962) |  Poland | "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life" | [7] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Denis Mukwege (b. 1955) |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | "for their efforts to end the use ofsexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict." | [8] |
.jpg) | Nadia Murad (b. 1993) |  Iraq | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | William Nordhaus (b. 1941) | United States | "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis" | [9] |
 | Paul Romer (b. 1955) | "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis" | ||