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2016 United States presidential election in Florida

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article:2016 United States presidential election
2016 United States presidential election in Florida

← 2012November 8, 20162020 →
Turnout74.48%[1]Increase 2.94pp
 
NomineeDonald TrumpHillary Clinton
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Home stateNew YorkNew York
Running mateMike PenceTim Kaine
Electoral vote290
Popular vote4,617,8864,504,975
Percentage49.02%47.82%

County results
Congressional district results
Precinct results

Trump

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Clinton

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Tie/No data

  
  


President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color[2]
Treemap of the popular vote by county.

The2016 United States presidential election in Florida was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus theDistrict of Columbia participated.Florida voters chose electors to represent them in theElectoral College via a popular vote, pitting theRepublican nominee, businessmanDonald Trump, and his running mateIndiana GovernorMike Pence, against theDemocratic nominee, formerU.S. Secretary of StateHillary Clinton, and her running mateVirginiaSenatorTim Kaine. Florida had 29 electoral votes in the Electoral College.[3]

Trump carried the state with a plurality of 49.0% of the popular vote, which included a 1.2% winning margin over Clinton, who had 47.8% of the vote. Trump consequently became the first Republican to win theWhite House without carryingHillsborough County sinceCalvin Coolidge in1924. Trump was also the first Republican presidential candidate to carrySt. Lucie County since1992, and the first to carryJefferson andMonroe Counties since1988; all three of these counties were last carried byGeorge H. W. Bush.

Florida voted forDonald Trump by a margin of 1.20%.[4] It was thefifth-closest state result, with onlyWisconsin,Michigan,New Hampshire andPennsylvania closer. According to theNational Election Pool, Trump got a majority of 54% from theCuban-American voters in the state—in comparison to the 71% of Clinton support by Latino voters from other origins.[5] This was the first time Florida voted for a Republican who lost the popular vote since the infamous2000 election in Florida, when the Republican candidate also won the election while losing the popular vote.

This is the closest election contested by any of Trump's three Democratic opponents in his presidential bids, as the Florida electorate has decisively swung to the right in the Trump political era. Trump won a majority of the vote in the state in2020 and won the state by double digits in2024. Relatedly, this would be the last time Trump ran for president as a resident of another state (New York) rather than of Florida.

Primary elections

[edit]

Democratic primary

[edit]
Main article:2016 Florida Democratic presidential primary

Democratic debate

[edit]

March 9, 2016 – Kendall, Florida

CandidateAirtimePolls[6]
Clinton23:2951.0%
Sanders17:5139.6%

The eighth debate took place on March 9, 2016, at 9:00 PM Eastern Standard Time in Building 7 of the Kendall Campus ofMiami Dade College inKendall, Florida. It was broadcast through a partnership betweenUnivision andThe Washington Post.[7][8] The debate was discussed during a job interview conducted in early 2015 between theDemocratic National Committee's then-Communications DirectorMo Elleithee and future Hispanic Media Director Pablo Manriquez. After starting at the DNC in April 2015, Manriquez "talked about the idea for a debate for Democratic candidates on Univision to anyone who had ears to listen."[9] The debate was officially announced on November 2, 2015.[10]

Opinion polling

[edit]
See also:Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries § Florida

Results

[edit]
Election results by county.
  Hillary Clinton
  Bernie Sanders

Three candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot:

e • d 2016 Democratic Party's presidential nominating process in Florida
– Summary of results –
CandidatePopular voteEstimated delegates
CountPercentagePledgedUnpledgedTotal
Hillary Clinton1,101,41464.44%14124165
Bernie Sanders568,83933.28%73275
Martin O'Malley(withdrawn)38,9302.28%
Uncommitted066
Total1,709,183100%21432246
Source:[11][12]
Florida Democratic primary, March 15, 2016
DistrictDelegatesVotes ClintonVotes SandersVotes QualifiedClinton delegatesSanders delegates
1326987184974548421
2650190340738426342
3432070279746004422
4433920227655668522
5655855186397449442
6537995244436243832
7537410267956420532
8539384243766376032
9540609198806048932
10538011222136022432
11538061215905965132
12535498231725867032
13644121297077382842
14649146236177276342
15532793207125350532
16643921258566977742
17429899170454694431
18642804206206342442
19431958172354919331
20761998157617775961
21757723221007982352
22649602222097181142
23644510199746448442
24859274138937316762
2532489792873418421
26432069141484621731
27430709122584296731
Total140110141456883916702539347
PLEO28110141456883916702531810
At Large46110141456883916702533016
Gr. Total2141101414568839167025314173
Total vote64.44%33.28%1,709,183
Source:Florida Department of State Division of Elections

Republican primary

[edit]
Main article:2016 Florida Republican presidential primary

Republican debate

[edit]

March 10, 2016 – Coral Gables, Florida

CandidateAirtimePolls[13]
Trump28:1138.6%
Cruz21:4221.8%
Rubio21:2318.0%
Kasich18:4912.0%

The twelfth debate was the fourth and final debate to air on CNN and led into theFlorida,Illinois,North Carolina,Missouri, andOhio primaries on March 15. The candidates debated at theUniversity of Miami, moderated byJake Tapper and questioned by CNN chief political correspondentDana Bash, Salem Radio Network talk-show hostHugh Hewitt, andWashington Times contributorStephen Dinan.The Washington Times cohosted the debate.[14] The debate was originally scheduled considering the likelihood that no candidate would clinch the Republican nomination before March 15, due to the overall size of the field.[15] On the day of the debate, CNN summarized the immediate stakes: "This debate comes just five days ahead of 'Super Tuesday 3', when more than 350 delegates are decided, including winner-take-all contests in Florida and Ohio. Both Trump and Rubio are predicting [a win in] Florida. For Trump, a win here would fuel his growing momentum and further grow his delegate lead; for Rubio, losing his home state could be the death knell for his campaign."[16] This was the twelfth and final debate appearance of Rubio, who suspended his campaign on March 15.[17]

Polling

[edit]
See also:Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries § Florida

Results

[edit]
Election results by county.
  Donald Trump
  Marco Rubio

Twelve candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot:

Florida Republican primary, March 15, 2016
CandidateVotesPercentageActual delegate count
BoundUnboundTotal
Donald Trump1,079,87045.72%99099
Marco Rubio638,66127.04%000
Ted Cruz404,89117.14%000
John Kasich159,9766.77%000
Jeb Bush(withdrawn)43,5111.84%000
Ben Carson(withdrawn)21,2070.90%000
Rand Paul(withdrawn)4,4500.19%000
Mike Huckabee(withdrawn)2,6240.11%000
Chris Christie(withdrawn)2,4930.11%000
Carly Fiorina(withdrawn)1,8990.08%000
Rick Santorum(withdrawn)1,2110.05%000
Lindsey Graham(withdrawn)6930.03%000
Jim Gilmore(withdrawn)3190.01%000
Unprojected delegates:000
Total:2,361,805100.00%99099
Source:The Green Papers

.

Green primary

[edit]

TheGreen Party held a primary in Florida on July 31, 2016. Early voting began on July 25.[18]

On July 31, 2016, the Green Party of Florida announced that Jill Stein had won the Florida primary viainstant-runoff voting.

Green Party of Florida primary – first round
CandidateVotesPercentageNational delegates
Jill Stein1852.9%
Elijah Manley1441.2%
William Kreml12.94%
Kent Mesplay12.94%
Sedinam Curry0
Darryl Cherney0
Total34100%
Green Party of Florida primary – second round
CandidateVotesPercentageNational delegates
Jill Stein1955.9%
Elijah Manley1441.2%
William Kreml12.94%
Total34100
Green Party of Florida primary – third round
CandidateVotesPercentageNational delegates
Jill Stein2058.8%15
Elijah Manley1441.2%10
Total3410025

General election

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]

The following are final 2016 predictions from various organizations for Florida as of Election Day.

SourceRankingAs of
Los Angeles Times[19]Lean DNovember 6, 2016
CNN[20]TossupNovember 4, 2016
Rothenberg Political Report[21]Tilt DNovember 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[22]Lean DNovember 7, 2016
NBC[23]TossupNovember 8, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[24]TossupNovember 8, 2016
RealClearPolitics[25]TossupNovember 8, 2016
Fox News[26]TossupNovember 7, 2016
ABC[27]TossupNovember 7, 2016

Polling

[edit]
See also:Opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election in Florida

In early polling conducted in late 2015, Trump started with strong momentum and won almost every poll against Clinton by margins varying from 2 to 8 points. In March 2016, Trump's early momentum seemed to slow, as Clinton won every poll until June 2016, when Trump won a poll 45% to 44%. Most polling conducted throughout the summer was favorable to Clinton, but both candidates were neck and neck in late August and early September, with neither having a consistent lead. From mid September to October 20, Clinton won every poll but one. In the last weeks, polling was extremely close, with neither candidate taking the lead. The third to last and fourth to last poll ended in a tie, but Trump won the last poll 50% to 46%.[28] The average of the last three polls showed Trump ahead 47.3% to 46.7%, where the race was essentially tied.

Results

[edit]
2016 United States presidential election in Florida[29]
PartyPresidential candidatePopular voteElectoral vote
CountPercentage
RepublicanDonald Trump4,617,88649.02%29
DemocraticHillary Clinton 4,504,975 47.82% 0
LibertarianGary Johnson 207,043 2.20% 0
GreenJill Stein 64,399 0.68% 0
Constitution Darrell L. Castle 16,475 0.17% 0
ReformRocky De La Fuente 9,108 0.10% 0
Write-in
-
153 0.01% 0
DateNovember 8, 2016Total votersRegistered: 12,863,773
Eligible: 14,441,877
Turnout %Registered: 74.48%
VAP: 66.34%
Turnout votesValid votes: 9,420,039
Invalid votes: 160,450


By county

[edit]
CountyDonald Trump
Republican
Hillary Clinton
Democratic
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%
Alachua46,83436.00%75,82058.28%7,4465.72%-28,986-22.28%130,100
Baker10,29481.02%2,11216.62%2992.36%8,18264.40%12,705
Bay62,19470.50%21,79724.71%4,2314.79%40,39745.79%88,222
Bradford8,91373.31%2,92424.05%3212.64%5,98949.26%12,158
Brevard181,84857.16%119,67937.62%16,6145.22%62,16919.54%318,141
Broward260,95131.16%553,32066.08%23,1172.76%-292,369-34.92%837,388
Calhoun4,65575.96%1,24120.25%2323.79%3,41455.71%6,128
Charlotte60,12861.96%33,44534.41%3,5243.63%26,77327.55%97,187
Citrus54,45667.72%22,78928.34%3,1673.94%31,66739.38%80,412
Clay74,96369.85%27,82225.93%4,5324.22%47,14143.92%107,317
Collier105,42361.11%61,08535.41%6,0023.48%44,33825.70%172,510
Columbia20,36870.57%7,60126.33%8953.10%12,76744.24%28,864
DeSoto6,77862.17%3,78134.68%3443.15%2,99727.49%10,903
Dixie5,82280.35%1,27017.53%1542.12%4,55262.82%7,246
Duval211,67248.48%205,70447.12%19,1974.40%5,9681.36%436,573
Escambia88,80857.60%57,46137.27%7,9035.13%31,34720.33%154,172
Flagler33,85058.38%22,02637.98%2,1113.64%11,82420.40%57,987
Franklin4,12568.08%1,74428.78%1903.14%2,38139.30%6,059
Gadsden6,72830.29%15,02067.62%4662.09%-8,292-37.33%22,214
Gilchrist6,74079.56%1,45817.21%2743.23%5,28262.35%8,472
Glades2,99668.37%1,27129.01%1152.62%1,72539.36%4,382
Gulf5,32972.69%1,72023.46%2823.85%3,60949.23%7,331
Hamilton3,44362.70%1,90434.67%1442.63%1,53928.03%5,491
Hardee5,24268.57%2,14928.11%2543.32%3,09340.46%7,645
Hendry6,19555.40%4,61541.27%3723.33%1,58014.13%11,182
Hernando58,97062.30%31,79533.59%3,8864.11%27,17528.71%94,651
Highlands29,56564.26%14,93732.46%1,5093.28%14,62831.80%46,011
Hillsborough266,87044.19%307,89650.99%29,1244.82%-41,026-6.80%603,890
Holmes7,48387.46%8539.97%2202.57%6,63077.49%8,556
Indian River48,62060.20%29,04335.96%3,1063.84%19,57724.24%80,769
Jackson14,25767.38%6,39730.23%5052.39%7,86037.15%21,159
Jefferson3,93051.11%3,54146.05%2182.84%3895.06%7,689
Lafayette2,80982.35%51815.19%842.46%2,29167.16%3,411
Lake102,18859.48%62,83836.58%6,7733.94%39,35022.90%171,799
Lee191,55158.12%124,90837.90%13,0953.98%66,64320.22%329,554
Leon53,82134.98%92,06859.83%7,9925.19%-38,247-24.85%153,881
Levy13,77570.64%5,10126.16%6233.20%8,67444.48%19,499
Liberty2,54376.78%65119.66%1183.56%1,89257.12%3,312
Madison4,85156.80%3,52641.29%1631.91%1,32515.51%8,540
Manatee101,94456.40%71,22439.40%7,5894.20%30,72017.00%180,757
Marion107,83361.30%62,04135.27%6,0263.43%45,79226.03%175,900
Martin53,20461.41%30,18534.84%3,2443.75%23,01926.57%86,633
Miami-Dade333,99933.83%624,14663.22%29,0462.95%-290,147-29.39%987,191
Monroe21,90450.97%18,97144.14%2,1024.89%2,9336.83%42,977
Nassau34,26672.92%10,86923.13%1,8573.95%23,39749.79%46,992
Okaloosa71,89370.42%23,78023.29%6,4236.29%48,11347.13%102,096
Okeechobee9,35667.99%3,95928.77%4463.24%5,39739.22%13,761
Orange195,21635.37%329,89459.77%26,7924.86%-134,678-24.40%511,902
Osceola50,30135.56%85,45860.41%5,7094.03%-35,157-24.85%141,468
Palm Beach272,40240.89%374,67356.24%19,1372.87%-102,271-15.35%666,212
Pasco142,10158.41%90,14237.06%11,0224.53%51,95921.35%243,265
Pinellas239,20148.08%233,70146.98%24,5834.94%5,5001.10%497,485
Polk157,43054.86%117,43340.92%12,1064.22%39,99713.94%286,969
Putnam22,13866.48%10,09430.31%1,0693.21%12,04436.17%33,301
St. Johns88,68464.34%43,09931.27%6,0634.39%45,58533.07%137,846
St. Lucie70,28949.50%66,88147.10%4,8233.40%3,4082.40%141,993
Santa Rosa65,33973.68%18,46420.82%4,8815.50%46,87552.86%88,684
Sarasota124,43853.79%97,87042.30%9,0453.91%26,56811.49%231,353
Seminole109,44348.10%105,91446.55%12,1695.35%3,5291.55%227,526
Sumter52,73068.27%22,63829.31%1,8702.42%30,09238.96%77,238
Suwannee14,28776.05%3,96421.10%5362.85%10,32354.95%18,787
Taylor6,93074.13%2,15223.02%2662.85%4,77851.11%9,348
Union4,56879.83%1,01417.72%1402.45%3,55462.11%5,722
Volusia143,00754.32%109,09141.44%11,1804.24%33,91612.88%263,278
Wakulla10,51268.07%4,34828.15%5843.78%6,16439.92%15,444
Walton25,75675.98%6,87620.28%1,2663.74%18,88055.70%33,898
Washington8,63777.04%2,26420.19%3102.77%6,37356.85%11,211
Totals4,617,88648.60%4,504,97547.41%379,8863.99%112,9111.19%9,502,747
Swing by county
Legend
  •   Democratic — +7.5-10%
  •   Democratic — +5-7.5%
  •   Democratic — +2.5-5%
  •   Democratic — +0-2.5%
  •   Republican — +0-2.5%
  •   Republican — +2.5-5%
  •   Republican — +5-7.5%
  •   Republican — +7.5-10%
  •   Republican — +10-12.5%
  •   Republican — +12.5-15%
  •   Republican — +>15%
Trend relative to the state by county
Legend
  •   Democratic — +7.5-10%
  •   Democratic — +5-7.5%
  •   Democratic — +2.5-5%
  •   Democratic — +0-2.5%
  •   Republican — +0-2.5%
  •   Republican — +2.5-5%
  •   Republican — +5-7.5%
  •   Republican — +7.5-10%
  •   Republican — +10-12.5%
  •   Republican — +12.5-15%
  •   Republican — +>15%
County flips
Legend
  • Democratic

      Hold

    Republican

      Hold
      Gain from Democratic

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

By congressional district

[edit]

Trump won 14 of 27 congressional districts, while Clinton won 13, including two held by Republicans.[30]

DistrictTrumpClintonRepresentative
1st68%28%Jeff Miller
Matt Gaetz
2nd66%31%Gwen Graham
Neal Dunn
3rd56%40%Ted Yoho
4th62%34%Ander Crenshaw
John Rutherford
5th36%61%Corrine Brown
Al Lawson
6th57%40%Ron DeSantis
7th44%51%John Mica
Stephanie Murphy
8th58%38%Bill Posey
9th42%55%Alan Grayson
Darren Soto
10th35%62%Daniel Webster
Val Demings
11th65%33%Rich Nugent
Daniel Webster
12th57%39%Gus Bilirakis
13th46%50%David Jolly
Charlie Crist
14th39%57%Kathy Castor
15th53%43%Dennis Ross
16th54%43%Vern Buchanan
17th62%35%Tom Rooney
18th53%44%Patrick Murphy
Brian Mast
19th60%38%Curt Clawson
Francis Rooney
20th18%80%Alcee Hastings
21st39%59%Lois Frankel
22nd41%57%Ted Deutch
23rd36%62%Debbie Wasserman Schultz
24th16%81%Frederica Wilson
25th50%48%Mario Díaz-Balart
26th41%57%Carlos Curbelo
27th39%59%Ileana Ros-Lehtinen

Analysis

[edit]
A map of the most college-educated counties in the United States

Despite losing the state, Clinton's 63.22% vote share inmajority-HispanicMiami-Dade County remains the highest of any Democratic nominee since1964. Clinton still lost the state despite outperforming Obama in Miami-Dade. The state's most populous county, Miami-Dade swung rightward over Trump's three elections, and by2024 Trump outright won a majority of the vote in the county.

Clinton's gains in Miami-Dade were insufficient to win Florida, as Trump gained in most of the rest of the state. The state swung about 2% rightward from 2012, with Clinton’s gains among Hispanics and college-educated whites not enough to overcome Trump’s gains among non-college whites. Winning Florida alone would not have been sufficient for Clinton to win the Electoral College, but it would have been had Clinton also won at least oneRust Belt state (Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin).

Trump flippedJefferson,Pinellas,St. Lucie, andMonroe counties. Except for Pinellas, Trump never lost any of these counties in any of his three runs. Clinton gained in the state's most educated counties (see the map), includingLeon,Alachua (home to theUniversity of Florida),St. Johns County, andSeminole County.

Clinton did not perform well enough in the state's most populous counties, particularlyBroward andPalm Beach. Broward stayed static, with Clinton maintaining Obama’s 35% margin. Palm Beach outright swung rightward in 2016, and by 2024 Trump lost Palm Beach by less than 1%.[31]

Florida’s realignment

[edit]

Florida may have already been shifting rightward as early as 2016. Democrats have not won a single federal statewide election in Florida since2012. In the concurrent2016 U.S. Senate election in Florida, incumbent RepublicanMarco Rubio won by over 7%.[32]Texas, another highly populous Southern state with a large Hispanic population, did swing leftward in 2016 unlike Florida.

The only statewide race Democrats have won since 2012 was the2018 Florida Commissioner of Agriculture election, while losing the2018 U.S. Senate election in Florida by 0.12%. In2020, DemocratJoe Biden lost the state by 3.4%, even as he won 51% of the national popular vote. Trump became the first Republican to win Florida despite losing the presidential election since 1992.

Divergence from Georgia

[edit]

As of 2024, this was the last presidential election in which Florida voted to the left of neighboring Georgia. In 2016, Georgia swung leftward by 2.7% despite not being seriously contested, while Florida swung rightward by 2%.

Georgia is a more highly-educated state than Florida, as well as more racially polarized. Its white voters without college degrees were already extremely Republican, while its white voters with college degrees got much bluer. Its Black voters also did not swing to Trump over Trump’s three runs.[31]

Florida had voted to the left of Georgia from 1996 to 2016. In 2020, Georgia voted Democratic while Florida voted Republican, for the first time since1992. By 2024, Florida voted for Trump by 13%, while Georgia only narrowly voted for Trump by 2%.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Voter Turnout - Division of Elections - Florida Department of State".dos.myflorida.com.
  2. ^2016 General Election November 8, 2016. Official Election Results. Florida Department of State, Division of Elections.
  3. ^"Distribution of Electoral Votes".National Archives and Records Administration. September 19, 2019. RetrievedNovember 23, 2020.
  4. ^"Florida Election Results 2016 – The New York Times". RetrievedNovember 10, 2016.
  5. ^Unlike other Latinos, about half of Cuban voters in Florida backed Trump,Pew Research Center, November 15, 2016.
  6. ^RealClearPolitics.com"
  7. ^"Miami Dade College To Host Democratic Presidential Debate".wlrn.org. November 2, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2016.
  8. ^"DNC/Florida Democratic Party Primary Debate Hosted by Univision News and The Washington Post to Take Place at the Nation's Largest and Most Diverse College, Miami Dade College, on March 9, 2016 - Univision".Univision. Archived fromthe original on February 2, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2016.
  9. ^Avendaño, Alberto (December 18, 2015)."Él impulsa el debate hispano entre los precandidatos demócratas".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2016.
  10. ^"Univision/Washington Post Democratic debate to be held March 9".POLITICO. November 2, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2016.
  11. ^The Green Papers
  12. ^Florida Division of Elections - Official Primary Results
  13. ^"RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - 2016 Republican Presidential Nomination".
  14. ^Wemple, Erik (January 20, 2016)."CNN partnering with the Washington Times for March 10 debate in Miami".The Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2016.
  15. ^"CNN announces March debate in Florida".Politico. June 10, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2016.
  16. ^"Republican Debate in Miami: What to Watch". CNN.com. March 10, 2016.
  17. ^Peters, Jeremy; Barbaro, Michael (March 15, 2016)."Marco Rubio Suspends His Presidential Campaign".The New York Times. RetrievedMarch 15, 2016.
  18. ^"2016 Presidential Primary".Green Party of Florida. May 5, 2016. RetrievedJune 1, 2016.
  19. ^"Campaign 2016 updates: Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton traverse the country in final push". November 7, 2016. RetrievedNovember 9, 2016 – via LA Times.
  20. ^Chalian, David."Road to 270: CNN's new election map". RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  21. ^"Presidential Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. RetrievedAugust 16, 2021.
  22. ^"Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2016 President". RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  23. ^"NBC's final battleground map shows a lead for Clinton".NBC News. November 7, 2016. RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  24. ^"ElectoralVote". RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  25. ^"RealClearPolitics - 2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House". RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  26. ^"Fox News Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge".Fox News. November 7, 2016. RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  27. ^"The Final 15: Latest Polls in Swing States".ABC News. November 8, 2016. RetrievedNovember 9, 2016.
  28. ^"RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - Florida: Trump vs. Clinton".
  29. ^"Florida Department of State - Election Results". RetrievedApril 14, 2017.
  30. ^"Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index".cookpolitical.com.
  31. ^abSilver, Nate (November 22, 2016)."Education, Not Income, Predicted Who Would Vote For Trump".FiveThirtyEight.
  32. ^"How Rubio outdid Trump in Florida and revived his career".Politico PRO.Archived from the original on August 26, 2017. RetrievedAugust 26, 2017.

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