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2016 G20 Hangzhou summit

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
11th meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20)
For broader coverage of this topic, seeG20.

2016 G20 Hangzhou summit
11th G20 summit
← 10th3-4–5 September 201612th →
Group photo, on 4 September 2016
Host countryChina
MottoTowards an Innovative, Invigorated, Interconnected, and Inclusive World Economy
CitiesHangzhou,Zhejiang
VenuesHangzhou International Exhibition Centre[1][2]
ParticipantsG20 members.:
Guest invitees:Chad,Egypt,Kazakhstan,Laos,Senegal,Spain,Singapore, &Thailand
Invited bodies:African Union
United Nations.:
ChairXi Jinping

The2016 G20 Hangzhou summit was theeleventh meeting of theGroup of Twenty (G20). It was held in the city ofHangzhou,Zhejiang. It was the first ever G20 summit to be hosted in China[3] and the second in anAsian country after2010 G20 Seoul summit was hosted in South Korea.

Context

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Vladimir Putin and Barack Obama, on 5 September 2016.

Pollution in China

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In the days before the G20 Hangzhou summit, only somevehicles were allowed through the city, construction sites were stopped, inhabitants received a week-long holidays (and were encouraged to leave the city) andfactories in the region (including more than two hundredsteel mills) were asked to stop their production (in order to temporarily reduce airpollution).[3][4][5][6]

Climate change

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On 3 September 2016,Barack Obama andXi Jinping announced theratification of theParis Agreement (of the2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference) by their countries,[7][8] bringing the total number of countries ratifying the agreement to 26;[9] the United States and China represent respectively 18 percent and 20 percent of globalcarbon dioxide emissions (the driving force behindglobal warming).[8][10]

Economic statements

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The main themes of final communiqué of the summit are:[11]

Summit documents

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The heads of state and government of G20 issued a joint statement with a summary of the main results of the meeting. The statement is divided in the following documents:

  • Communiqué 2016[12]
  • Annex to the Leaders' Declaration[13]
  • Hangzhou Action Plan[14]
  • Blueprint on Innovative Growth[15]
  • G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development[16]

Participating leaders

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List of leaders who took part in the 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit:[17]

Invited guests

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International organizations

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Controversies

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President Obama was snubbed byCCP General SecretaryXi Jinping and theChinese Communist Party (CCP) as he descended fromAir Force One to the tarmac ofHangzhou International Airport without the usual red carpet welcome.[20]

Internet censorship

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CCP general secretary Xi Jinping in the speech quoted "Guoyu", Traditional Chinese history books, in Chapter 9 of the "通商宽农" (tōng shāng kuān nóng, meaning reducing taxes and make road easy to walk, promote commercialization, and relax agriculture[21]), but he mistakenly pronounced it as "通商宽衣" ("宽衣"kuān yī means Undress), theCentral Propaganda Department ordered media and social platforms to prohibit this discussion.[22]

Russian hacking of 2016 United States elections

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In December 2016, President Obama stated that, when Obama was in China in early September 2016, he told Vladimir Putin not tohack the U.S. election infrastructure. Obama stated, "What I was concerned about in particular was making surethe 2016 DNC hack wasn't compounded by potential hacking that could hamper vote counting, affect the actual election process itself." He continued, "So in early September, when I saw President Putin in China, I felt that the most effective way to ensure that that didn’t happen was to talk to him directly and tell him to cut it out and there were going to be serious consequences if he didn’t. And in fact we did not see further tampering of the election process."[23]

Notes

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  1. ^The president of China is legally aceremonial office, but thegeneral secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (de factoleader in aone-partycommunist state) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months oftransition, and the currentgeneral secretary is Xi Jinping, who is also the Chinese president.

References

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  1. ^"外交部在京举行G20杭州峰会中外媒体吹风会" (in Chinese).Archived from the original on 30 August 2016.
  2. ^The welcoming ceremony (G20 summit evening gala), directed byZhang Yimou, was held at theWest Lake on 4 September 2016.
  3. ^ab(in French) Frédéric Lelièvre,"La Chine championne du monde de la finance verte"Archived 14 September 2016 at theWayback Machine,Le temps, 29 August 2016 (page visited on 2 September 2016).
  4. ^Tom Phillips,"Ghost town: how China emptied Hangzhou to guarantee 'perfect' G20"Archived 24 September 2016 at theWayback Machine,The Guardian, Monday 5 September 2016 (page visited on 5 September 2016).
  5. ^Reuters,"China's Hangzhou Turns Ghost Town as G20 Leaders Arrive",The New York Times, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  6. ^A similar approach was used for the2008 Summer Olympics inBeijing, seeAir pollution at the 2008 S15 China Victory Day Parade.
  7. ^(in French) Étienne Dubuis,"L’accord de Paris pourrait entrer en vigueur d’ici à la fin de l’année"Archived 14 September 2016 at theWayback Machine,Le temps, 1 September 2016 (page visited on 2 September 2016).
  8. ^ab"Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact"Archived 2 January 2018 at theWayback Machine,BBC News, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  9. ^(in French)""Le débat avec les climatosceptiques est terminé", selon Ban Ki-Moon"Archived 8 October 2016 at theWayback Machine,Radio télévision suisse, 4 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  10. ^Simon Roger and Brice Pedroletti,"La Chine et les États-Unis ratifient l’accord de Paris sur le climat"Archived 17 September 2016 at theWayback Machine,Le Monde, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  11. ^(in French)"Accord du G20 pour « s’opposer au protectionnisme » et lutter contre l’évasion fiscale"Archived 8 September 2016 at theWayback Machine,Le Monde, 5 September 2016 (page visited on 5 September 2016).
  12. ^https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-04-g20-kommunique-en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6[permanent dead link]
  13. ^https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-05-g20-abschluss-annex-eng.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7[permanent dead link]
  14. ^https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-action-plan-en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4[permanent dead link]
  15. ^https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-blueprint-on-innovation-growth.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4[permanent dead link]
  16. ^https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-agenda-action-plan.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4[permanent dead link]
  17. ^"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang's Regular Press Conference on 24 August 2016". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. 24 August 2016.Archived from the original on 26 August 2016.
  18. ^abc"G20 Hangzhou Summit preparations going smoothly"Archived 22 February 2016 at theWayback Machine,Xinhua News Agency, 16 February 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  19. ^Derrick Ho,"PM Lee expresses confidence in long-term outlook of China's economy, accepts invitation to G-20 summit"Archived 8 December 2015 at theWayback Machine,The Straits Times, 7 November 2015 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
  20. ^Phillips, Tom (4 September 2016)."Barack Obama 'deliberately snubbed' by Chinese in chaotic arrival at G20".The Guardian.
  21. ^"Language Log » Annals of literary vs. vernacular, part 2".Archived from the original on 17 June 2017.
  22. ^中国网络审查员狂删习近平“宽衣”口误议论帖 (in Chinese).Voice of America. 6 September 2016.Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved1 September 2017.
  23. ^Cole, Matthew; Esposito, Richard; Biddle, Sam; Grim, Ryan (5 June 2017)."Top-Secret NSA Report Details Russian Hacking Effort Days Before 2016 Election: A top-secret National Security Agency report details a months-long Russian hacking effort against the U.S. election infrastructure".The Intercept. Archived fromthe original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved25 June 2025.Main Intelligence Directorate Cyber Actors Spearphishing

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