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2014 Olsberg mid-air collision

The crash site of the Learjet
Accident
Date	23 June 2014 (2014-06-23)
Summary	Mid-air collision
Site	Olsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 51°16′44″N8°26′53″E / 51.279°N 8.448°E /51.279; 8.448
Total fatalities	2 (all on the Learjet)
Total survivors	1 (Eurofighter Typhoon)
First aircraft
30+91, the Typhoon involved in the collision, photographed in April 2013
Type	Eurofighter Typhoon
Operator	German Air Force
Registration	30+91
Flight origin	Nörvenich Air Base, Germany
Destination	Nörvenich Air Base
Occupants	1
Crew	1
Survivors	1
Second aircraft
D-CGFI, the Learjet involved in the collision, 2008
Type	Learjet 35A
Operator	GFD Gesellschaft Fur Flugzieldarstellung
Registration	D-CGFI
Flight origin	Hohn Air Base, Germany
Destination	Hohn Air Base
Occupants	2
Crew	2
Fatalities	2
Survivors	0

On 23 June 2014, a GermanEurofighter Typhoon fighter jet and aLearjet 35 business jet participating in a military exercisecollided mid-air overOlsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia,Germany. The Learjet subsequently crashed to the ground with the loss of both crew members on board. The Typhoon was damaged but managed to land safely.

The accident happened at 14:38CEST (12:38UTC).^{[BFU 1][1]} Two Eurofighter Typhoons were on exercise with the Learjet in the Elpe-Olsberg^[2] area. The Learjet was simulating a civilian airliner that had been hijacked and had broken off radio contact withAir Traffic Control, while the Typhoons were simulating a military response to such a scenario.^{[3][BFU 2][4][5]} The lead Typhoon intercepted the Learjet, and as the latter turned to follow it, the two aircraft collided.^{[6][BFU 3]}

The Learjet crashed about 100 metres (110 yd) from houses in Olsberg, killing both crew members.^{[BFU 4][1][7][8][2]} The Typhoon aircraft was severely damaged, but was able to land safely atNörvenich Air Base, nearCologne. The second Typhoon landed atCologne Bonn Airport.

The first aircraft was aEurofighter Typhoon,msn GS0070. The aircraft was built in 2012.^{[BFU 5]} It was operated byTaktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 "Boelcke",Luftwaffe. It was based atNörvenich Air Base.^[1]

The second aircraft was aLearjet 35A,registered D-CGFI, msn 35A-612, which had first flown in 1986.^{[BFU 6][2]} It was operated by theGFD Gesellschaft für Flugzieldarstellung [de], a subsidiary company ofAirbus Defence and Space,^[3] and was based atHohn Air Base.^[2]

Investigations into the accident were carried out by the General Flugsicherheit der Bundeswehr and theBundesstelle für Flugunfalluntersuchung (BFU).^[1] Thecockpit voice recorder andflight data recorder of the Learjet were recovered on the day of the accident, from a site 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the crash site of the aircraft.^[9][10] The data from these devices were published in the BFU's interim report in September.^{[BFU 7][9]} The BFU's final report into the accident was published in August 2015. It stated that the causes of the accident were:

• Immediate Causes:
  • During positioning for the interception, the collision risk due to unexpected manoeuvres of the intercepted airplane was not sufficiently taken into consideration.
  • The Learjet crew did not take into account the risks due to possible limitations of the field of vision and the distraction of using the computer when deciding their task distribution. Due to insufficient situational awareness during the intervention, the Learjet crew continued the turn with an excessive bank angle despite the loss of visual contact with the Eurofighter flying at the inside of the turn.
• Systemic Causes:
  • The operator had not specified in detail how the crew should distribute their tasks during Renegade exercises.
  • Neither the operator commissioned to conduct the aerial target demonstration nor the Air Force had sufficiently described the Renegade training nor had a commensurate risk analysis been done.^[11]

BFU

Interim Report(PDF). September 2014. Retrieved8 January 2015.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)

Final Report(PDF). August 2015. BFU 1X002-14. Retrieved4 September 2015.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)

• Media related toOlsberg mid-air collision at Wikimedia Commons

• Aviation accidents and incidents in 2014
• 2014 in Germany
• Mid-air collisions in Germany
• Mid-air collisions involving general aviation aircraft
• Mid-air collisions involving military aircraft
• 21st century in North Rhine-Westphalia
• June 2014 in Germany
• Accidents and incidents involving the Learjet 35 family

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