The2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded by theNobel Foundation, based inSweden. Six categories were awarded:Physics,Chemistry,Physiology or Medicine,Literature,Peace, andEconomic Sciences.[1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled inOslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day inStockholm.[2][3]
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Isamu Akasaki (1929–2021) |  Japanese | "for the invention of efficient bluelight-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" | [4] |
 | Hiroshi Amano (b. 1960) | |||
.jpg) | Shuji Nakamura (b. 1954) | Japanese
| ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Eric Betzig (b. 1960) |  American | "for the development ofsuper-resolved fluorescence microscopy" | [5] |
 | Stefan W. Hell (b. 1962) |  Romanian[6]
| ||
 | William E. Moerner (b. 1953) | American | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
_2014b.jpg) | John O'Keefe (b. 1939) | United States | "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | [7] |
 | May-Britt Moser (b. 1963) |  Norway | ||
.jpg) | Edvard I. Moser (b. 1962) | |||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Patrick Modiano (b. 1945) |  France | "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world ofthe Occupation" | [8] |
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Kailash Satyarthi (born 1954) |  India | "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education." | [9] |
 | Malala Yousafzai (born 1997) |  Pakistan | ||
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Jean Tirole (b. 1953) | France | "for his analysis of market power and regulation" | [10] |
Some questioned the award's lack of recognition for other scientists who helped pioneerlight-emitting diodes such asOleg Losev,Nick Holonyak,Gertrude Neumark.[11][12] In particular, it was mentioned that materials scientist Herbert Paul Maruska could be credited with first developing the blue LED.[13][14]
