| 2014 Gambian coup d'état attempt | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Faction of thePresidential Guard[1][2] | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| PresidentYahya Jammeh | Lt. Col. Lamin Sanneh †[3] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 4 deaths, several wounded[3] | |||||||
The2014 Gambian coup d'état attempt was a coup lead byAmerican–Gambian nationals with the intent to overthrow PresidentYahya Jammeh. It broke out during the night of 30 December 2014, when gunfire erupted in the capital ofBanjul.
At the time of the coup attempt PresidentYahya Jammeh was out of the country, with sources differing on whether he was inFrance orDubai.[2] Jammeh, who himself came to power in the1994 Gambian coup d'état, had experienced several attempted coups against his regime, and sometimes accused theUnited Kingdom and theUnited States of being behind said attempts.[4] Previously in November 2014, Jammeh condemned theEuropean Union for its response to increasingly harsh anti-LGBT discrimination under his government. The following month those same measures caused the United States to drop The Gambia from one of its trade programmes.[5][6]
Lieutenant Colonel Lamin Sanneh earned a masters degree at theNational Defense University in Washington D.C. He was eventually chosen to be the commander of the Presidential Guard in The Gambia.[7]
Njaga Jagne moved to the United States in 1993 and was deployed twice toIraq. He received expedited citizenship in the United States in 2006, on account of his military service. After returning, he worked for theYellow Ribbon Reintegration Program. At the time of the coup, he was a captain in the149th infantry battalion of theKentucky National Guard.[8]
Cherno Nije graduated fromUniversity of Texasat Austin in 1987 with a bachelor’s in government. He specialized in tax credits at theTexas Department of Housing and Community Affairs. He later founded Songhai Development, an affordable housing development agency.[9]
Banka Manneh came to the United States in 1995 to pursue his bachelor's degree.[10] He worked with Sigga Jagne—Njaga Jagne's sister. Njaga Jagne also participated in a Gambian politicsFacebook group which Manneh started.[11]
Njaga Jagne became increasingly vocal about his distaste for President Jammeh. In October 2013, Jagne posted an "open letter" to President Jammeh on Facebook, which adopted a violent tone. Jagne reassured his sister that it was just rhetoric. The same month, Jagne discussed endowing a political fund to fuel opposition on an ongoing basis. To this end, his sister suggested getting in touch with Cherno Nije, who she had met at a conference.[11] Cherno Njie had been funding a radio station in Senegal which broadcast anti-Jammeh propaganda into The Gambia, and had previously paid for Manneh's travel to lobby theUnited Nations in favour of sanctions against The Gambia.[12]
In 2013, President Jammeh removed Lt Col. Lamin Sanneh from commander of his Presidential Guard. Sanneh then fled toWashington, D.C.[13] There, he got in touch with his friend Banka Manneh, who put Sanneh in touch with Jagne. Jagne also recruited Papa Faal,Alhagie Barrow, other Gambians, and veterans of theUnited States Army, as well as several Gambians living inEurope.[11]
Over time, the group got increasingly political. In March 2014, Manneh wrote "Is military action a viable option? Me thinks, what do you?:)." Jagne & Manneh convinced Niji to finance the plot, and the budget for the coup was set to $200,000.[11][12] Banka Manneh, who claimed to have high level friends in the Gambian military, claimed he would be able to gather a force of 160 soldiers from inside The Gambia to assist in the coup.[14] Barrow and Jagne began buying weapons. Manneh drafted a document titled "Transition Into the Third Republic," which placed Cherno Nije as interim president for 2 years.[12]
The group planned to ambush Jammeh's motorcade, disable the lede vehicle, and persuade the bodyguards to disarm themselves. They also formed an alternative plan to attack theState House of the Gambia, the official presidential residence, again hoping to negotiate with the guards but preparing for forceful entry if needed. If they failed, they planned to blend in with civilian clothes. If they succeeded, they planned to recruit the military to secure critical infrastructure, shut down cell service, and have Manneh use state radio and television to announce their success.[12]
They shipped their weapons and flew toDakar, Senegal. The FBI attempted to contact numerous participants. Manneh did not attend, as he had discovered an alternate plot by Niji which did not include him. They decided to attack the State House and instead kidnap General Saul Badjie, because Jammeh was leaving.[12]
On December 30, 2014, the gunmen recruited by the plotters attacked the State House. Local media quickly identified them as having entered the country from neighbouringSenegal under the command of Lt Col. Lamin Sanneh.[3] The gunmen engaged in heavy fire with government forces. Soldiers blocked several points of entry to the city and a full blackout of the state radio and television was placed into effect.[15][1]
The fighting diminished later during the day. Banks and other businesses remained closed while state radio played traditional music, mentioning nothing of the night's events.[16] Four people, including Sanneh and Njaga Jagne, were killed, and several more were injured.[3][14][17]
With the gunmen failing to consolidate control, the coup failed. Jammeh returned to Gambia the following day. Jammeh reshuffled his cabinet on January 10.[18]
After the coup failed, Papa Faal, one of the co-conspirators, entered the United States embassy inDakar,Senegal seeking protection. However, he was instead interrogated. On January 1, 2015, the United StatesFederal Bureau of Investigation raided homes inGeorgia,Kentucky,Minnesota, andTexas as part of an investigation into the coup. That same weekend, the FBI also raided the offices of a Texas development firm. The owner of the Texas firm, Cherno Nije, was arrested atWashington Dulles International Airport and charged with violating the successor statute to theNeutrality Act of 1794.[14] During the raid on Nije's home in Texas, the FBI found a manifesto entitled "Gambia Reborn: A Charter for Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy and Development," as well as a spreadsheet detailing the coup attempt's $221,000 budget funded by Nije, who was a millionaire.[19] Faal was also charged and later pleaded guilty.[20][21] Two others,Alagie Barrow ofTennessee and Banka Manneh of Georgia, were also charged.[22][23] Both later pleaded guilty as well.[24]
Nije was sentenced to one year and one day in prison, Barrow and Manneh each received six-month sentences, while Faal was sentenced to time served.[25]
The Washington Post later revealed that the FBI had interviewed Sanneh at his home inMaryland and thereafter tipped off Senegalese officials about the plot through theState Department.[21]
It was reported on 2 April 2017 that the corpses of three alleged conspirators, Lamin Sanneh, Alagie Nyass and Njaga Jagne were discovered by Gambian police after the fall of the Jammeh regime.[26]
 Years inThe Gambia (1965–present) | |
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