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2008 United States presidential election in Illinois

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2008 United States presidential election in Illinois

← 2004November 4, 20082012 →
Turnout70.90%
 
NomineeBarack ObamaJohn McCain
PartyDemocraticRepublican
Home stateIllinoisArizona
Running mateJoe BidenSarah Palin
Electoral vote210
Popular vote3,419,3482,031,179
Percentage61.92%36.78%

County results
Congressional district results

Obama

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%

McCain

  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%


President before election

George W. Bush
Republican

Elected President

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elections in Illinois
U.S. Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
U.S. Senate elections
U.S. House elections
General elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant Gubernatorial elections
Attorney General elections
Secretary of State elections
Comptroller elections
Treasurer elections
Senate elections
House of Representatives elections
Judicial elections
Ballot measures and referendums
County Executive elections
County Executive elections

The2008 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to theElectoral College, who voted forpresident andvice president.

Democratic nomineeBarack Obama won his home state by a 25.1 percentage point margin over Republican nomineeJohn McCain. Prior to the election, every major news organization consideredIllinois a state Obama would win, or otherwise a safeblue state. One of the most reliably blue states in the nation, Illinois has not voted for a Republican presidential nominee since1988, whenGeorge H. W. Bush narrowly carried the state. In 2008, continuing that trend, it appeared that a generic Democratic presidential nominee could have easily won Illinois; it was no surprise then that Obama, who represented Illinois in theU.S. Senate, won the state in a landslide victory, clinching near 62 percent of the total vote.

As of the2024 presidential election[update], this is the last time a Democrat won the following counties:Boone,Bureau,Cass,Calhoun,Coles,Gallatin,Grundy,Kankakee,LaSalle,Macon,Macoupin,Madison,Mason,McDonough,McHenry,Montgomery,Pulaski,Sangamon,Schuyler,Stephenson, andVermillion.

As of2024, Obama is the only presidential candidate of either party to win the state with more than 60% of the vote sinceWarren G. Harding in1920, and the only Democrat to do so sinceAndrew Jackson, the Democratic Party's first presidential nominee, in1828 and1832. McCain's 36.78% of the vote is the second-lowest of any major-party nominee since1924, only surpassingGeorge H. W. Bush in1992, when a substantial amount of the vote went toRoss Perot’s candidacy as an independent.

Illinois was one of three states where Obama outperformedFranklin D. Roosevelt in allfour of his runs, as well asLyndon Johnson in his1964 landslide. The others were rapidly Democratic-trending Vermont and Delaware, the latter being the home state of Joe Biden, Obama's running mate. This would be the last election in which the margin in Cook County was not the deciding factor in a statewide victory. Obama's victory in Illinois is the largest ever for a Democrat since the Republican Party became a major party.

Primaries

[edit]

Turnout

[edit]
See also:2008 Illinois elections § Turnout

For the state-run primaries (Democratic, Republican, and Green), turnout was 40.26%, with 2,940,708 votes cast.[1][2] For the general election, turnout was 70.90%, with 5,522,371 votes cast.[1][2]

State-run primaries were held for both major parties, as well as the Green Party, on February 5.

Democratic

[edit]
Main article:2008 Illinois Democratic presidential primary

The2008 Illinois Democratic presidential primary took place onSuper Tuesday, February 5, 2008, with 153 delegates at stake. The winner in each ofIllinois's 19 congressional districts was awarded all of that district's delegates, totaling 100. Another 53 delegates were awarded to the statewide winner,Barack Obama. The 153 delegates represented Illinois at theDemocratic National Convention inDenver, Colorado. Thirty-two other unpledged delegates, known assuperdelegates, also attended the convention and cast their votes as well.

Polls

[edit]
Main article:Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Super Tuesday Democratic Party presidential primaries § Illinois

Polls indicated that then-U.S. SenatorBarack Obama was leading then-U.S. SenatorHillary Clinton by double digits in the days before the contest in his home state of Illinois.[3]

Results

[edit]
See also:Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
2008 Illinois Democratic Presidential Primary Results
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageDelegates
DemocraticBarack Obama1,318,23464.66%104
DemocraticHillary Clinton667,93032.76%49
DemocraticJohn Edwards39,7191.95%0
DemocraticDennis Kucinich4,2340.21%0
DemocraticJoe Biden3,7880.19%0
DemocraticBill Richardson3,5380.17%0
DemocraticChristopher Dodd1,1710.06%0
Totals2,038,614100.00%153
Voter turnout%

Chicago Public Radio reported on March 13, 2008, that the delegate counts were recalculated and Obama won 106 delegates to 47 forClinton.[4]

During the state by state roll-call at the Democratic National Convention, the Illinois delegation declined to cast their votes.[5]

Analysis

[edit]

It was no surprise that Barack Obama cruised to a landslide victory in Illinois, the state he had represented in theU.S. Senate since 2005. He enjoyed massive support in his state among all demographics. According to exit polls, 57% of voters in the Illinois Democratic Primary werewhite and they opted for Obama 57–41; 24% of voters wereAfrican American and they, too, backed Obama 93–5; and 17 percent of voters in the primary wereHispanic/Latino and they narrowly backed Obama 50–49. Obama won all age groups but tied Clinton amongsenior citizens aged 65 and over. He won all voters in the state of all educational attainment levels as well as income/socioeconomic classes. He won all ideological groups and voters from both parties as well as self-identifiedIndependents. Regarding religion, Obama won every major denomination exceptRoman Catholics, who narrowly backed Clinton 50-48%. Obama wonProtestants by a margin of 58–38, other Christians 79–19, other religions 82–17, andatheists/agnostics 78–21.

Obama performed extremely well statewide and racked up massive victories in his home city ofChicago as well as its suburbs and the metropolitan area. He also won Northern Illinois as well as thecollar counties by substantial victories. Clinton's best performance was in Southern Illinois among the morerural andconservative counties that are majority white, although Obama still won the region as a whole.

Republican

[edit]
Main article:2008 Illinois Republican presidential primary

The2008 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on February 5, 2008, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of theRepublican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2008 presidential election. Illinois was one of 24 States holding a primary or caucus onSuper Tuesday. Delegates from each of Illinois' 19 congressional districts are selected by direct election. In addition, the primary ballot also contains a preference poll that lists the presidential candidates.

2008 Illinois Republican presidential primary[6][7]
CandidateVotesPercentageDelegates
John McCain426,77747.45%54
Mitt Romney257,26528.60%3
Mike Huckabee148,05316.46%0
Ron Paul45,0555.01%0
Rudy Giuliani*11,8371.32%0
Fred Thompson*7,2590.81%0
Alan Keyes2,3180.26%0
Jim Mitchell, Jr.4830.05%0
Tom Tancredo*3750.04%0
Total899,422100%57

*Candidate withdrew prior to the primary

Green

[edit]
2008Illinois Green Party presidential primary

February 5, 2008 (2008-02-05)2012 →

44Green National Convention delegates
 
CandidateCynthia McKinneyHowie Hawkins
PartyGreenGreen
Home stateGeorgiaNew York
Delegate count258
Popular vote1,513464
Percentage56.62%17.37%

 
CandidateKent MesplayJared A. Ball
PartyGreenGreen
Home stateCalifornia
Delegate count65
Popular vote384311
Percentage14.37%11.64%

The2008 Illinois Green Party presidential primary was held on February 5, 2008, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of theGreen Party's state primaries ahead of the 2008 presidential election.

By virtue of Green Party candidate Rich Whitney's performance in the2006 Illinois gubernatorial election, the party had earned the right to have a state-run primary in 2008.

Illinois delegation at the2008 Green Party National Convention
Illinois Green Party presidential primary, February 5, 2008[8][9][10][11][12]
CandidateVotesPercentageNational delegates
Cynthia McKinney1,51356.62%25
Howie Hawkins46417.37%8
Kent Mesplay38414.37%6
Jared A. Ball31111.64%5
Total2,672100%44

Campaign

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]

There were 16 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:

SourceRanking
D.C. Political Report[13]Likely D
Cook Political Report[14]Solid D
The Takeaway[15]Solid D
Electoral-vote.com[16]Solid D
Washington Post[17]Solid D
Politico[18]Solid D
RealClearPolitics[19]Solid D
FiveThirtyEight[17]Solid D
CQ Politics[20]Solid D
The New York Times[21]Solid D
CNN[22]Safe D
NPR[17]Solid D
MSNBC[17]Solid D
Fox News[23]Likely D
Associated Press[24]Likely D
Rasmussen Reports[25]Safe D

Polling

[edit]
Main article:Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2008: Illinois

Obama won every single pre-election poll, and each by a double-digit margin and with at least 52% (with the exception of anARG poll). The final 3 polls averaged Obama leading 60% to 35%.[26]

Fundraising

[edit]

Obama raised $35,307,625. McCain raised $7,207,428.[27]

Advertising and visits

[edit]

Obama spent $23,319. McCain and interest groups spent $52,865.[28] The Democratic ticket visited the state 13 times. McCain's ticket visited the state twice.[29]

Analysis

[edit]

For most of the second half of the 20th century,Illinois was reckoned as a Republican-leaning swing state. It voted Republican in every election from1952 to 1988, save for1960 and1964. However,George H. W. Bush just barely won the state in 1988, and it swung heavily toBill Clinton and the Democrats in1992. Since then, Democrats have won the state by fairly comfortable margins, and it is now reckoned as the most solidly Democratic state in the Midwest.

The Democratic trend in Illinois can be largely attributed toCook County, home toChicago, which makes up about 41.2% of the state's total population.[30] While Chicago has been a Democratic stronghold for decades, the suburban areas of Cook County have historically tilted Republican. However, the brand of Republicanism in the suburbs has historically been moderate, and these areas swung Democratic as the national party moved more to the right. Democrats also do very well in the Illinois portions of theQuad Cities andSt. Louis areas. Additionally, the historically Republicancollar counties near Chicago –DuPage,Lake,McHenry,Kane, andWill – have become friendlier to Democrats at the national level.

Barack Obama, the juniorU.S. senator from Illinois at the time of the election, carried the state handily, defeatingJohn McCain of Arizona by a margin of 1.38 million votes. Obama carried his home county, Cook County, with roughly 76% of the vote, the highest percentage of any Democratic presidential candidate since its incorporation in 1831. He also swept all five collar counties, becoming the first Democratic candidate sinceFranklin Pierce in1852 to do so, with DuPage, Kendall, Lake, and Will giving him double-digit margins. Notably, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, and McHenry had not supported a Democrat for president since that election. McLean County voted Democratic for the first time since 1964.[31] Obama improved on Kerry's performance enough that he would have prevailed in the state even if the Democratic stronghold of Cook County had its votes excluded, albeit by a narrower margin of 1,790,324 votes to McCain's 1,543,443 or 53.7% - 46.3% of the two-party vote. This is the only time in the 21st century that the Democratic candidate has done so.

Obama also did very well in several rural counties that had historically voted Republican. He became the first Democrat to winCarroll County since that county was created in 1839, in the process breaking the last remaining Republican streak stretching from initial GOP candidateJohn C. Frémont in1856, and the first Democrat to winBoone County sinceJames K. Polk in1844. McCain did, however, win several of the more rural counties inSouthern Illinois; Obama thus became the first-ever Democrat to win the White House without carryingChristian County. It was not nearly enough, however, to put a serious dent in Obama's 25-point margin in the state.[32] As of the2024 presidential election, this is the last presidential election that a Democrat won all of Chicago's collar counties.

During the same election, seniorU.S. Senator andSenate Majority WhipDick Durbin, a Democrat, was reelected to theU.S. Senate with 67.84% of the vote over Republican Dr. Steve Sauerberg who received 28.53%. At the state level, Democrats picked up three seats in theIllinois House of Representatives.

Results

[edit]
2008 United States presidential election in Illinois[2]
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
DemocraticBarack ObamaJoe Biden3,419,34861.92%21
RepublicanJohn McCainSarah Palin2,031,17936.78%0
IndependentRalph NaderMatt Gonzalez31,1520.56%0
LibertarianBob BarrWayne Allyn Root19,6420.36%0
GreenCynthia McKinneyRosa Clemente11,8380.21%0
ConstitutionChuck BaldwinDarrell Castle8,2560.15%0
New PartyJohn Joseph Polachek1,1490.02%0
Write-InsWrite-ins110.00%0
Totals5,522,371100.00%21
Voter turnout58.1%

By county

[edit]
CountyBarack Obama
Democratic
John McCain
Republican
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
#%#%#%#%
Adams11,79438.17%18,71160.55%3971.29%-6,917-22.38%30,902
Alexander2,18955.46%1,69242.87%661.67%49712.59%3,947
Bond3,84348.28%3,94749.59%1702.58%-104-1.31%7,960
Boone11,33350.96%10,40346.78%5022.25%9304.18%22,238
Brown98638.26%1,54459.91%471.82%-558-21.65%2,577
Bureau8,88951.82%7,91146.12%3532.05%9785.70%17,153
Calhoun1,42352.59%1,22145.12%622.29%2027.47%2,706
Carroll3,96551.54%3,59646.74%1321.72%3694.80%7,693
Cass2,69049.52%2,61748.18%1252.31%731.34%5,432
Champaign48,59757.57%33,87140.13%1,9402.29%14,72617.44%84,408
Christian6,91845.65%7,87251.94%3652.41%-954-6.29%15,155
Clark3,74245.02%4,40953.04%1611.94%-667-8.02%8,312
Clay2,42537.50%3,92660.72%1151.79%-1,501-23.22%6,466
Clinton7,65744.22%9,35754.04%3001.74%-1,700-9.82%17,314
Coles11,71650.60%10,97847.42%4591.98%7383.18%23,153
Cook1,629,02476.21%487,73622.82%20,7060.97%1,141,28853.39%2,137,466
Crawford3,88342.42%5,07055.39%2002.19%-1,187-12.97%9,153
Cumberland2,05538.49%3,15659.11%1282.40%-1,101-20.62%5,339
DeKalb25,78457.33%18,26640.61%9242.05%7,51816.72%44,974
DeWitt3,30842.24%4,34855.52%1752.23%-1,040-13.28%7,831
Douglas3,22838.52%5,00559.73%1461.74%-1,777-21.21%8,379
DuPage228,69854.72%183,62643.93%5,6491.35%45,07210.79%417,973
Edgar3,74345.18%4,39853.09%1431.73%-655-7.91%8,284
Edwards1,14033.91%2,13763.56%852.53%-997-29.65%3,362
Effingham5,26231.17%11,32367.08%2951.75%-6,061-35.91%16,880
Fayette3,96740.86%5,49956.64%2422.49%-1,532-15.78%9,708
Ford2,22734.80%4,07963.73%941.47%-1,852-28.93%6,400
Franklin8,88047.45%9,40450.25%4302.30%-524-2.80%18,714
Fulton9,73259.45%6,25138.19%3862.36%3,48121.26%16,369
Gallatin1,58755.26%1,21242.20%732.54%37513.06%2,872
Greene2,61944.95%3,05352.40%1542.64%-434-7.45%5,826
Grundy11,06349.76%10,68748.07%4822.17%3761.69%22,232
Hamilton1,79641.92%2,35354.93%1353.15%-557-13.01%4,284
Hancock4,14143.73%5,16154.50%1671.76%-1,020-10.77%9,469
Hardin89239.43%1,33058.80%401.77%-438-19.37%2,262
Henderson2,21557.85%1,54140.25%731.91%67417.60%3,829
Henry13,18153.04%11,26345.33%4051.63%1,9187.71%24,849
Iroquois4,64334.08%8,69563.82%2862.10%-4,052-29.74%13,624
Jackson15,24859.52%9,68737.81%6822.66%5,56121.71%25,617
Jasper2,06340.12%2,96457.64%1152.24%-901-17.52%5,142
Jefferson7,46243.33%9,30254.02%4572.65%-1,840-10.69%17,221
Jersey5,04247.50%5,32950.20%2442.30%-287-2.70%10,615
Jo Daviess6,40354.49%5,17044.00%1771.51%1,23310.49%11,750
Johnson1,87131.64%3,91266.15%1312.22%-2,041-34.51%5,914
Kane106,75655.21%83,96343.42%2,6441.37%22,79311.79%193,363
Kankakee24,75051.41%22,52746.80%8611.79%2,2234.61%48,138
Kendall24,74252.95%21,38045.75%6091.30%3,3627.20%46,731
Knox14,19158.89%9,41939.09%4882.03%4,77219.80%24,098
Lake177,24259.10%118,54539.53%4,1131.37%58,69719.57%299,900
LaSalle27,44354.55%21,87243.47%9951.98%5,57111.08%50,310
Lawrence3,01645.99%3,40351.89%1392.12%-387-5.90%6,558
Lee7,76547.47%8,25850.49%3342.04%-493-3.02%16,357
Livingston6,18939.50%9,19158.66%2891.84%-3,002-19.16%15,669
Logan5,25040.57%7,42957.41%2622.02%-2,179-16.84%12,941
Macon25,48749.60%24,94848.55%9541.86%5391.05%51,389
Macoupin12,09053.87%9,89144.07%4622.06%2,1999.80%22,443
Madison68,97953.60%57,17744.43%2,5341.97%11,8029.17%128,690
Marion8,34547.93%8,69149.92%3742.15%-346-1.99%17,410
Marshall3,08148.53%3,14549.54%1221.92%-64-1.01%6,348
Mason3,54251.85%3,14145.98%1482.17%4015.87%6,831
Massac2,69337.36%4,37160.63%1452.01%-1,678-23.27%7,209
McDonough6,78351.89%6,05546.32%2341.79%7285.57%13,072
McHenry72,28851.77%64,84546.44%2,4991.79%7,4435.33%139,632
McLean37,68949.67%36,76748.46%1,4221.87%9221.21%75,878
Menard2,70641.78%3,67256.69%991.53%-966-14.91%6,477
Mercer4,88755.10%3,83343.21%1501.69%1,05411.89%8,870
Monroe7,95343.87%9,88154.50%2951.63%-1,928-10.63%18,129
Montgomery6,49150.28%6,15047.64%2682.08%3412.64%12,909
Morgan7,46748.51%7,59149.31%3362.18%-124-0.80%15,394
Moultrie2,66842.53%3,47155.33%1342.14%-803-12.80%6,273
Ogle11,25345.13%13,14452.72%5372.15%-1,891-7.59%24,934
Peoria45,90656.19%34,57942.32%1,2191.49%11,32713.87%81,704
Perry4,70147.03%5,08650.89%2082.08%-385-3.86%9,995
Piatt3,85942.79%4,99155.34%1681.86%-1,132-12.55%9,018
Pike3,02439.57%4,45758.31%1622.12%-1,433-18.74%7,643
Pope84537.88%1,34360.20%431.93%-498-22.32%2,231
Pulaski1,63850.09%1,59348.72%391.19%451.37%3,270
Putnam1,90056.85%1,37841.23%641.92%52215.62%3,342
Randolph7,39548.64%7,53849.59%2691.77%-143-0.95%15,202
Richland3,18141.46%4,32956.42%1632.12%-1,148-14.96%7,673
Rock Island42,21061.52%25,36436.97%1,0341.51%16,84624.55%68,608
Saline5,08344.29%6,09953.15%2942.56%-1,016-8.86%11,476
Sangamon51,30051.25%46,94546.90%1,8611.86%4,3554.35%100,106
Schuyler1,90049.49%1,83347.75%1062.76%671.74%3,839
Scott1,09041.81%1,45555.81%622.38%-365-14.00%2,607
Shelby4,24538.94%6,39658.67%2612.39%-2,151-19.73%10,902
St. Clair76,16060.42%47,95838.05%1,9361.54%28,20222.37%126,054
Stark1,35746.49%1,51351.83%491.68%-156-5.34%2,919
Stephenson11,34952.40%9,90945.75%3991.84%1,4406.65%21,657
Tazewell29,38445.87%33,24751.90%1,4292.23%-3,863-6.03%64,060
Union3,91842.80%5,00354.65%2332.55%-1,085-11.85%9,154
Vermilion16,24649.21%16,05448.62%7162.17%1920.59%33,016
Wabash2,46242.49%3,25456.16%781.35%-792-13.67%5,794
Warren4,28653.17%3,63745.12%1381.71%6498.05%8,061
Washington3,34242.13%4,47356.39%1171.48%-1,131-14.26%7,932
Wayne2,54731.56%5,39066.78%1341.66%-2,843-35.22%8,071
White3,31544.48%3,98753.50%1512.03%-672-9.02%7,453
Whiteside15,60757.82%10,88340.32%5041.87%4,72417.50%26,994
Will160,40655.86%122,59742.69%4,1781.45%37,80913.17%287,181
Williamson12,58941.59%17,03956.30%6382.11%-4,450-14.71%30,266
Winnebago70,03455.27%53,88642.53%2,7842.20%16,14812.74%126,704
Woodford6,99935.82%12,19162.39%3501.79%-5,192-26.57%19,540
Totals3,419,34861.83%2,031,17936.73%79,6521.44%1,388,16925.10%5,530,179
County Flips:
Democratic
  Hold
  Gain from Republican
Republican
  Hold
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

By congressional district

[edit]

Barack Obama won 16 of the state's 19 congressional districts, including four districts held by Republicans.

DistrictObamaMcCainRepresentative
1st86.53%12.93%Bobby Rush
2nd89.68%9.86%Jesse Jackson Jr.
3rd63.60%35.08%Dan Lipinski
4th85.44%13.22%Luis Gutierrez
5th72.82%26.22%Rahm Emanuel (110th Congress)
Mike Quigley (111th Congress)
6th55.91%42.76%Peter Roskam
7th87.77%11.57%Danny K. Davis
8th55.74%42.86%Melissa Bean
9th72.34%26.43%Jan Schakowsky
10th60.92%38.13%Mark Kirk
11th53.32%45.14%Jerry Weller (110th Congress)
Debbie Halvorson (111th Congress)
12th55.49%42.89%Jerry Costello
13th54.21%44.60%Judy Biggert
14th54.83%43.77%Dennis Hastert (110th Congress)
Bill Foster (111th Congress)
15th47.82%50.43%Timothy V. Johnson
16th52.78%45.52%Donald Manzullo
17th56.39%42.15%Philip Hare
18th48.32%50.03%Ray LaHood (110th Congress)
Aaron Schock (111th Congress)
19th43.98%54.25%John Shimkus

Electors

[edit]
Main article:List of 2008 United States presidential electors

Technically the voters of Illinois cast their ballots for electors: representatives to theElectoral College. Illinois is allocated 21 electors because it has 19congressional districts and 2senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 21 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and the candidate's running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 21 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them.[33] An elector who votes for someone other than their candidate is known as afaithless elector.

The electors of each state and theDistrict of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 21 were pledged toBarack Obama andJoe Biden:[34]

  1. Constance A. Howard
  2. Carrie Austin
  3. Shirley R. Madigan
  4. Ricardo Muñoz
  5. James DeLeo
  6. Marge Friedman
  7. Vera Davis
  8. Nancy Shepardson
  9. William Marovitz
  10. Lauren Beth Gash
  11. Debbie Halvorson
  12. Molly McKenzie
  13. Julia Kennedy Beckman
  14. Mark Guethle
  15. Lynn Foster
  16. John M. Nelson
  17. Mary Boland
  18. Shirley McCombs
  19. Don Johnston
  20. Barbara Flynn Currie
  21. John P. Daley

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Voter Turnout".www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2021. RetrievedMarch 24, 2020.
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  34. ^U. S. Electoral College 2008 Election - Certificates
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