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2007 in spaceflight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2007 in spaceflight
SRE-1, the first Indian recovered spacecraft, on public display atThiruvananthapuram
Orbital launches
First10 January
Last25 December
Total68
Successes63
Failures3
Partial failures2
Catalogued65
National firsts
Satellite Colombia
 Mauritius
Space traveller Malaysia
Rockets
Maiden flightsAtlas V 421
Long March 3B/E
Proton-M Enhanced
PSLV-CA
Shavit-2
Zenit-2M
RetirementsH-IIA 2022
Crewed flights
Orbital5
Total travellers27
2007 in spaceflight
← 2006
2008 →
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
2030s
 

The year 2007 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including a ChineseASAT test, the launches of the USPhoenix andDawn missions to studyMars andAsteroid belt respectively,Japan'sKaguya Lunar orbiter, and the first Chinese Lunarprobe,Chang'e 1.

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses theKármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 10 January, when aPSLV, launched from theSatish Dhawan Space Centre, placed four spacecraft intolow Earth orbit. One of these spacecraft wasSRE-1, which returned to Earth twelve days later, in the first Indian attempt to recover a satellite afterre-entry.

Several carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2007; thePSLV-CA,Long March 3B/E,Shavit-2,Zenit-2M,Proton-M Enhanced. These were all modernised or upgraded versions of existing systems. TheRS-24 missile also conducted its first launch, and the Atlas V made its first flight in the 421 configuration. The first Colombian andMauritian satellites,Libertad 1 andRascom-QAF 1 respectively, were launched in 2007, although a helium leak reduced Rascom's operational lifetime by thirteen years.

Space exploration

[edit]
The launch of a Delta II Heavy with the Dawn spacecraft.

Several spacecraft were launched to explore the Moon. Japan's Kaguya orbiter, along with the smallerOkina andOuna relay spacecraft, was launched on 14 September. The spacecraft enteredSelenocentric orbit on 3 October. China launched its first Lunar probe, Chang'e 1, on 24 October, with the spacecraft entering Selenocentric orbit on 5 November. In 2009, two satellites launched into highly elliptical Earth orbits in 2007 as part of theTHEMIS mission were also sent to the Moon. They are expected to arrive in October 2010.

In August, theNASA Phoenix spacecraft was launched towards Mars, followed by the Dawn mission to the Asteroid belt in September.Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons ofSaturn, mostly focussing onTitan. In November,Rosetta flew past Earth, where it was mistaken for an asteroid, and given theprovisional designation2007 VN84.

Crewed spaceflight

[edit]

Five crewed flights were launched in 2007, two byRussia and three by the United States. Russia flew twoSoyuz missions to theInternational Space Station for crew rotation.Soyuz TMA-10, launched on 7 April, carried theExpedition 15 crew to the Station.Space touristCharles Simonyi was also launched on this flight, and landed aboardSoyuz TMA-9 a few days later. When TMA-10 returned to Earth in October, it made the first of two consecutiveballistic re-entries ofSoyuz spacecraft, due to problems with separation bolts.Soyuz TMA-11, launched on 10 October, carried theExpedition 16 crew, and the firstMalaysian in space,Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, who was selected for flight under theAngkasawan programme. He landed aboard Soyuz TMA-10. When TMA-11 landed in 2008, it also made a ballistic descent.

The newly installedHarmony node of the ISS

2007 also saw the continued assembly of the International Space Station, by USSpace Shuttle flights. On 8 June Atlantis made the first Shuttle launch of the year,STS-117, with sevenastronauts, and theS3/4 truss segment of the ISS. It was the first Shuttle to launch fromComplex 39A at theKennedy Space Center sinceSTS-107 in 2003. Launch had previously been delayed from February due toHail damage to theExternal Tank, which required arollback to repair in theVehicle Assembly Building. In August, Endeavour launched on its first mission since 2002,STS-118. This carried the S5 truss segment, and marked the final flight of theSpacehab module, which was used to carry supplies. NASA's firstEducator Astronaut,Barbara Morgan flew aboard STS-118. Morgan had previously been a backup forChrista McAuliffe, who was killed in theChallenger accident in 1986.STS-120, launched on 23 October using Discovery, carried theHarmony node, the first pressurised ISS component to be launched sincePirs inSeptember 2001. Attempts to launchAtlantis in December onSTS-122 werescrubbed, and the launch was delayed to 2008 afterECO sensors in the External Tank failed.

Launch failures

[edit]

Three orbital launch attempts in 2007, involving aZenit, aFalcon 1, and aProton failed, and two others, anAtlas V and aGSLV, resulted in partial failures. On 30 January, aSea LaunchZenit-3SL exploded on theOcean Odyssey launch platform, seconds after ignition. The failure destroyed theNSS-8 satellite, and caused considerable damage to the Odyssey platform. It was later determined that the failure had been caused by debris in theturbopump. As a result of downtime to conduct repairs, and bad sea conditions at the end of the year, Sea Launch did not conduct another launch until 2008.

On 21 March, SpaceX launched the second Falcon 1. Due to the failure of the maiden flight, the launch was conducted as a demonstration flight without a functional payload. The launch failed to reach orbit due to a chain of events, starting with an error in setting the fuel mix ratio, which resulted in first stage underperformance, and the rocket being too low at the time of first stage separation. Additional atmospheric drag at this altitude caused recontact between the stages, setting up a fuel slosh in the second stage. This resulted in the premature cutoff of the second stage, and the rocket failed to reach orbit. This was the last launch of the Falcon 1 with theablatively cooledMerlin-1A engine, which was replaced with theregeneratively cooled Merlin-1C for subsequent flights, starting in August 2008. As several test objectives were completed, SpaceX claimed that the launch was a success overall, and declared the Falcon 1 operational.

TheAtlas family ended a run of eighty consecutive successful launches over fourteen years, after a partial failure of an Atlas V launched on 15 June. A faulty valve caused a fuel leak in theCentaur upper stage, resulting in a premature cutoff at the end of its second burn. This resulted in theUSA-194 satellites being delivered into a lower orbit than planned. The spacecraft were able to correct the orbit using their manoeuvring engines.

The fifth GSLV was launched on 2 September, with theINSAT-4CR satellite. This was the first GSLV launch since the failure inJuly 2006. The rocket underperformed, and placed the satellite into an orbit with a lowerapogee and greaterinclination than planned. This required the spacecraft to use fuel reserved forstationkeeping to raise itself to the correct orbit, at the expense of its operational lifetime.

On 5 September, a Proton-M with aBriz-M upper stage failed to place theJCSAT-11 into orbit, after the second stage of the carrier rocket failed to separate from the first. It was later established that damaged cabling had been the cause of the malfunction.

Summary of launches

[edit]
The launch of a Delta IV Heavy with the final DSP satellite.

In total, sixty eight orbital launches were made in 2007, with sixty five reaching orbit, and three outright failures. This was an increase of two orbital launch attempts on 2006, with one more launch reaching orbit. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with threeGLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.

Suborbital spaceflight in 2007 saw a number ofsounding rocket andmissile launches. On 11 January, the ChinesePeople's Liberation Army used aDong-Feng 21 derivedanti-satellite weapon to destroyFeng Yun 1C, a retiredweather satellite. Russia also began testing theRS-24 Yars missile

China conducted ten orbital launches in 2007, using theLong March family of rockets, whilst Europe conducted five using theAriane 5. India made three orbital launch attempts, using PSLV-C, PSLV-CA and GSLV rockets, with the GSLV launch resulting in a partial failure. Israel conducted a single successful launch using the firstShavit-2 rocket. Japan successfully launched twoH-IIA rockets. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, including one failure, but not including the international Sea Launch programme, whose single launch attempt failed. Nineteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with theAtlas V,Delta IV andFalcon 1, caused a number of delays. Two of six plannedSpace Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2008,STS-123 due to knock-on delays fromSTS-117, andSTS-122 due to problems with engine cutoff sensors.

Launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC)RocketFlight numberLaunch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ =CubeSat)
OperatorOrbitFunctionDecay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks

January

[edit]
10 January
03:53[1]
IndiaPSLV-CIndiaSatish DhawanFLPIndiaISRO
IndiaCartosat-2ISROLow Earth (SSO)Earth observation14 February 2024
10:18
Successful
IndiaSRE-1ISROLow Earth (polar)Technology demonstration22 January
04:16[2]
Successful
IndonesiaGermanyLapan-TUBsatLAPAN/TU BerlinLow Earth (polar)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
ArgentinaPehuensat-1AATELow Earth (polar)Technology demonstration16 January 2023[3]Successful
SRE was the first Indian spacecraft to be recovered followingreentry. Pehuensat-1 intentionally remained attached to the payload adapter.
18 January
02:12[4]
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonurSite 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-59RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)Logistics1 August
19:26
Successful
ISS flight 24P
30 January
23:22[4]
UkraineZenit-3SLNorwayOcean OdysseyUnited NationsSea Launch
NetherlandsNSS-8SES New SkiesIntended:GeosynchronousCommunicationT-0Launch failure
First stage engine failed due to debris in turbopump,[5] rocket exploded on launch pad

February

[edit]
2 February
16:28[6]
ChinaLong March 3AChinaXichangLA-2ChinaCNSA
ChinaBeidou-1DCNSAGeostationaryNavigationIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
Operational
Problems deploying solar panels, eventually corrected from ground
17 February
23:01[6]
United StatesDelta II 7925-10CUnited StatesCape CanaveralSLC-17BUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesTHEMIS ANASAHighly ellipticalAuroralIn orbitOperational
United StatesTHEMIS B (2007–2009)
United StatesArtemis P1 (2009—)
NASAHighly elliptical
Selenocentric (planned)
AuroralIn orbitOperational
United StatesTHEMIS C (2007–2009)
United StatesArtemis P2 (2009—)
NASAHighly elliptical
Selenocentric (planned)
AuroralIn orbitOperational
United StatesTHEMIS DNASAHighly ellipticalAuroralIn orbitOperational
United StatesTHEMIS ENASAHighly ellipticalAuroralIn orbitOperational
PrimaryTHEMIS mission completed in 2009. Three spacecraft remain in use for an extension of the same mission, whilst the other two are en route to the Moon for the Artemis mission.
24 February
04:41[6]
JapanH-IIA 2024JapanTanegashimaLA-Y1JapanJAXA
JapanIGS-Radar 2[6]CSICESun-synchronousReconnaissance13 April 2014Partial spacecraft failure
JapanIGS-Optical 3V[6]CSICESun-synchronousReconnaissance
Technology
12 November 2013
02:31
Successful
IGS-Radar 2 failed on 29 August 2010 due to battery problems[7]

March

[edit]
9 March
03:10[8]
United StatesAtlas V 401United StatesCape CanaveralSLC-41United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesASTRODARPALow EarthTechnology25 October 2013[9]Successful
United StatesCFESatLANLLow EarthIonospheric12 November 2022[10]Successful
United StatesFalconSAT-3US Air Force AcademyLow EarthIonospheric
Plasma
21 January 2023[11]Successful
United StatesMidSTAR-1US Naval AcademyLow EarthRadiation
Technology
17 August 2023[12]Successful
United StatesNEXTSatDARPALow EarthTechnology21 April 2023[13]Successful
United StatesSTPSat-1US Air Force/STPLow EarthAtmospheric
Technology
8 November 2023[14]Successful
ASTRO and NEXTSat were used for theOrbital Express test programme, with the former refuelling and servicing the latter. Launch designatedSTP-1.
11 March
22:03[8]
FranceAriane 5ECAFranceKourouELA-3FranceArianespace
United KingdomSkynet 5AParadigm/MoDGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
IndiaINSAT-4BISROGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
21 March
01:10[15]
United StatesFalcon 1Marshall IslandsOmelekUnited StatesSpaceX
United StatesDemoSat (LCT2/AFSS)SpaceX/DARPA/NASAIntended: Low EarthTechnology21 MarchLaunch failure
Loss of signal after control problems, failed to reach orbit, some test objectives achieved.

April

[edit]
7 April
17:31[15]
RussiaSoyuz-FGKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaSoyuz TMA-10RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)ISSExpedition 1521 October
10:36
Successful
Crewed flight with threecosmonauts, including a payingspace tourist
9 April
22:54[15]
RussiaProton-M/Briz-MKazakhstanBaikonurSite 200/39RussiaUnited StatesILS
CanadaAnik F3TelesatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
Ka-band transmitter malfunction
11 April
03:27[15]
ChinaLong March 2C-IIIChinaTaiyuanLC-1ChinaCNSA
ChinaHaiyang-1BCASTSun-synchronousOceanographyIn orbitOperational
13 April
20:11[15]
ChinaLong March 3AChinaXichangLA-3ChinaCNSA
ChinaCompass-M1 (Beidou-2A)CNSAMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
17 April
06:46:34[15]
UkraineDneprKazakhstanBaikonurSite 109/95RussiaISC Kosmotras
EgyptEgyptSat 1NARSSun-synchronousObservationIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudisat-3RSRISun-synchronousScientificIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudiComsat-3RSRISun-synchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudiComsat-4RSRISun-synchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudiComsat-5RSRISun-synchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudiComsat-6RSRISun-synchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Saudi ArabiaSaudiComsat-7RSRISun-synchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesCP-3CalPolySun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
Operational
United StatesCP-4CalPolySun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitOperational
United StatesCAPE-1LafayetteSun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
ColombiaLibertad 1Sergio ArboledaSun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitSuccessful
United StatesAeroCube 2Aerospace CorporationSun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitSpacecraft failure
United StatesCSTB-1BoeingSun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitOperational
United StatesMASTTethers UnlimitedSun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitOperational
CP-3, CP-4, CAPE-1, Libertad 1, AeroCube 2, CSTB-1, and MAST inP-POD containers, problems with power supply of CAPE-1; Libertad 1 deactivated following completion of mission; AeroCube 2 suffered solar panel/converter malfunction;[16] CP-3 mission affected by communications system reliability issues[17]
23 April
10:00[15]
IndiaPSLV-CAIndiaSatish DhawanSLPIndiaISRO
ItalyAGILEASILow EarthGR Astronomy13 February 2024Successful
IndiaAAMISROLow EarthTechnology19 July 2022[18]Successful
Maiden flight of PSLV-CA
24 April
06:48[19]
United StatesMinotaur IUnited StatesMARSPad 0BUnited StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesNFIREMDALow EarthMissile defence4 November 2015[20]Successful
25 April
20:26:00[19]
United StatesPegasus-XLUnited StatesL-1011, VandenbergUnited StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesAIM (SMEX 9)NASALow EarthAeronomyIn orbitOperational

May

[edit]
4 May
22:29[19]
UnknownFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
LuxembourgAstra 1LSES AstraGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGalaxy 17IntelsatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
12 May
03:25:38[19]
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-60RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)Logistics25 September
19:48
Successful
ISS flight 25P
13 May
16:01[19]
ChinaLong March 3B/EChinaXichang LA-2ChinaCNSA
NigeriaNigComSat-1NASRDAService: Geosynchronous
Now:Graveyard
CommunicationsIn orbitSpacecraft failure
Maiden flight of Long March 3B/E, first Africangeosynchronouscommunication satellite, retired due to power system malfunction in November 2008.[21]
25 May
07:12[23]
ChinaLong March 2DChinaJiuquanLA-4/SLS-2ChinaCNSA
ChinaYaogan 2CNSASun-synchronousEarth imagingIn orbitOperational
ChinaZheda PiXing-1 (MEMS-Pico)Zhejiang UniversitySun-synchronousTechnologyIn orbitOperational
100th successful Chineseorbital launch,[22] MEMS-Pico conductedmicroelectronic research
29 May
20:31:30[23]
RussiaSoyuz-FG/FregatKazakhstanBaikonurSite 31/6FranceRussiaStarsem
United StatesGlobalstar 65GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 69GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 71GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 72GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
31 May
16:08[23]
ChinaLong March 3AChinaXichang LA-2ChinaCNSA
ChinaSinosat-3SinosatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
100th flight ofLong March carrier rocket

June

[edit]
7 June
18:00[23]
RussiaSoyuz-URussiaPlesetskSite 16/2RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2427 (Kobal't-M)VKSLow EarthReconnaissance22 August
21:00
Successful
8 June
02:34:01[23]
United StatesDelta II 7420-10United StatesVandenbergSLC-2WUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
ItalyCOSMO-1ASI[24]Sun-synchronousImagingIn orbitOperational
8 June
23:38:04[23]
United StatesSpace Shuttle AtlantisUnited StatesKennedy Space CenterLC-39AUnited StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-117NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS assembly22 June
19:49:38
Successful
United NationsITS S3/4 TrussNASALow Earth (ISS)ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts, ISS crew rotation
10 JuneIsraelShavit-2IsraelPalmachimIsraelIsrael Aerospace Industries
IsraelOfeq-7IAI/Israeli militaryLow Earth (retrograde)ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational[25]
Maiden flight of Shavit-2
15 June
02:14[23]
UkraineDneprKazakhstanBaikonur Site 109/95RussiaISC Kosmotras
GermanyTerraSAR-XDLRLow EarthRadar imagingIn orbitOperational
15 June
15:04[23]
United StatesAtlas V 401United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-41United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-194 (NOSS-3-4A)NROLow EarthOcean surveillanceIn orbitPartial launch failure
Operational
United StatesUSA-194 (NOSS-3-4B)NROLow EarthOcean surveillanceIn orbitPartial launch failure
Operational
NRO Launch 30R, placed in incorrect orbit due to premature cutoff ofCentaur upper stage,[26] spacecraft corrected using their own thrusters, reducing lifespan
28 June
15:02[27]
UkraineDneprRussiaDombarovskiyRussiaISC Kosmotras
United StatesGenesis IIBigelow AerospaceLow EarthTechnologyIn orbitOperational
Experimental inflatable module
29 June
10:00[27]
UkraineZenit-2MKazakhstanBaikonurSite 45/1RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2428 (Tselina-2)VKSLow EarthELINTIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Zenit-2M

July

[edit]
2 July
19:38[27]
RussiaKosmos-3MRussiaPlesetskSite 132/1RussiaCOSMOS International
GermanySAR-Lupe-2BundeswehrLow Earth (Polar)Radar reconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
5 July
12:08[27]
ChinaLong March 3BChinaXichang LA-2ChinaCNSA
ChinaChinasat-6BChinaSatcomGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
7 July
01:16:00[27]
RussiaProton-M/Briz-M EnhancedKazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39RussiaUnited StatesInternational Launch Services
United StatesDirecTV-10DirecTVGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Proton-M Enhanced[28]

August

[edit]
2 August
17:33:48[29]
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-61RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)Logistics
Technology
22 January 2008
19:52
Successful
ISS flight 26P, Remained in orbit after undocking to conduct technological experiments
4 August
09:26:34[29]
United StatesDelta II 7925United StatesCape CanaveralSLC-17AUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesPhoenixNASAHeliocentricMars lander25 May 2008
23:38
Successful
Landed on Mars, discovered water there, last signal from spacecraft received on 2 November 2008
8 August
22:36:42[30]
United StatesSpace Shuttle EndeavourUnited StatesKennedy Space Center LC-39AUnited StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-118NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS assembly21 August
16:32
Successful
United StatesSpaceHab LSMNASA/SpaceHabLow Earth (STS)LogisticsSuccessful
United NationsS5 TrussNASALow Earth (ISS)ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts, final flight of SpaceHab module
14 August
23:44[30]
UnknownFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
United StatesSpaceway 3HughesGeostationaryCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
JapanBSat 3aBSATGeostationaryCommunicationsIn orbitOperational

September

[edit]
2 September
12:51[33]
IndiaGSLVIndiaSatish Dhawan SLPIndiaISRO
IndiaINSAT-4CRISROGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitPartial launch failure
Partial spacecraft failure
Operational
Apogee lower and inclination higher than expected, due to carrier rocket underperformance,[31] lifespan further reduced by drift following tracking failure. 5 years of operational life lost.[32]
5 September
22:43[33]
RussiaProton-M/Briz-MKazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39RussiaUnited StatesInternational Launch Services
JapanJCSAT-11JSAT CorporationIntended: GeostationaryCommunications~+135 secondsLaunch failure
Second stage failed to separate due to damaged cabling.[34]
11 September
13:05[33]
RussiaKosmos-3MRussiaPlesetsk Site 132/1RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2429 (Parus)VKSLow EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
14 September
01:31:01[33]
JapanH-IIA 2022JapanTanegashima LA-Y1JapanMitsubishi
JapanKaguya (SELENE)JAXASelenocentricLunar orbiterIn orbitOperational
JapanOkina (RStar)JAXASelenocentricLunar orbiter12 February 2009
08:46
Successful
JapanOuna (VStar)JAXASelenocentricLunar orbiterIn orbitOperational
14 September
11:00[33]
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaFoton-M3Roskosmos/ESALow EarthScientific26 SeptemberSuccessful
YES2Low EarthTechnology developmentUnknownSpacecraft failure
YES2 tether may have failed to deploy fully. Satellite recovery failed.[35]
18 September
18:35[33]
United StatesDelta II 7920-10CUnited StatesVandenberg SLC-2WUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesWorldView-1DigitalGlobeLow EarthImagingIn orbitOperational
75th consecutive successful Delta II launch.
19 September
03:26[33]
ChinaLong March 4BChinaTaiyuan LC-1ChinaCNSA
ChinaBrazilCBERS-2B (Ziyuan 1-02B)CASC/INPESun-synchronousRemote sensingIn orbitOperational
27 September
11:34[36]
United StatesDelta II 7925HUnited StatesCape Canaveral SLC-17BUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesDawnNASAHeliocentric
Then:Ceres orbit
Then:Vesta orbit
Asteroid researchIn orbitOperational
Will exploredwarf planetCeres and asteroid4 Vesta, Ceres was designated as an asteroid during mission planning

October

[edit]
5 October
22:02:26[36]
UnknownFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
United StatesIntelsat 11IntelsatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
AustraliaOptus D2OptusGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
10 October
13:22:39[36]
RussiaSoyuz-FGKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaSoyuz TMA-11RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)ISSExpedition 1619 April 2008Successful
Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts, firstMalaysian &South Korean in space
11 October
00:22[36]
United StatesAtlas V 421United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-41United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-195 (WGS-1)US Air ForceGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Atlas V 421
17 October
12:23:00[37]
United StatesDelta II 7925-9.5United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-17AUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-196 (GPS 2R-17/M4)US Air ForceMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
700th flight ofThor rocket (Variant used as first stage).
20 October
20:12:25[37]
RussiaSoyuz-FG/FregatKazakhstanBaikonur Site 31/6FranceRussiaStarsem
United StatesGlobalstar 66GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 67GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 68GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
United StatesGlobalstar 70GlobalstarLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
23 October
04:39[37]
RussiaMolniya-M/2BLRussiaPlesetskSite 16/2RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2430 (Oko)VKSMolniyaEarly warning5 January 2019
07:58[38]
Successful
23 October
15:38:19[37]
United StatesSpace Shuttle DiscoveryUnited StatesKennedy Space Center LC-39AUnited StatesUnited Space Alliance
United StatesSTS-120NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS assembly7 November
18:01
Successful
United NationsHarmony (Node 2)NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts, crew rotation
24 October
10:05[37]
ChinaLong March 3AChinaXichang LA-3ChinaCNSA
ChinaChang'e 1CNSASelenocentricLunar orbiter1 March 2009
08:13[39]
Successful
First Chineselunar probe
26 October
07:35:24[37]
RussiaProton-K/DM-2KazakhstanBaikonurSite 81/24RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2431 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2432 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2433 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational

November

[edit]
1 November
00:51:44[40]
RussiaKosmos-3MRussiaPlesetsk Site 132/1RussiaCOSMOS International
GermanySAR-Lupe 3BundeswehrLow Earth (polar)Radar reconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
GermanyRubin-7OHB SystemLow Earth (polar)TechnologyIn orbitOperational
11 November
01:50[40]
United StatesDelta IV Heavy 9250HUnited StatesCape CanaveralSLC-37BUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-197 (DSP-23)DoDGeosynchronousMissile defenceIn orbitSpacecraft failure[41]
FinalDSP satellite
Stopped transmitting in September 2008[41]
11 November
22:48[40]
ChinaLong March 4C (4B-II)ChinaTaiyuan LC-1ChinaCNSA
ChinaYaogan 3CNSASun-synchronousRemote sensingIn orbitOperational
First launch of Long March 4C after redesignation
14 November
22:06[40]
UnknownFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
United KingdomSkynet 5BParadigm/MoDGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
BrazilStar One C1Star OneGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Record mass toGTO – 9,535 kg (21,021 lb)[42]
17 November
22:39:47[40]
RussiaProton-M/Briz-MKazakhstanBaikonur Site 200/39RussiaUnited StatesInternational Launch Services
SwedenSirius 4SES SiriusGeostationaryCommunicationsIn orbitOperational

December

[edit]
9 December
00:16[43]
RussiaProton-M/Briz-MKazakhstanBaikonur Site 81/24RussiaVKS
RussiaGlobus-1M #11L (Raduga-1M 1)VKSGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
9 December
02:31:42[43]
United StatesDelta II 7420-10United StatesVandenberg SLC-2WUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
ItalyCOSMO-2ASI[24]Sun-synchronousReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
10 December
22:05[43]
United StatesAtlas V 401United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-41United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-198 (SDS-3-5)NROMolniyaCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
NRO Launch 24
14 December
13:17:34[43]
RussiaSoyuz-FG/FregatKazakhstanBaikonur Site 31/6FranceRussiaStarsem
CanadaRADARSAT 2MDA CorporationSun-synchronousRadar imagingIn orbitOperational
20 December
20:04:00[43]
United StatesDelta II 7925-9.5United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-17AUnited StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United StatesUSA-199 (GPS 2R-18/M5)US Air ForceMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
21 December
21:41:55[43]
UnknownFranceKourou ELA-3FranceArianespace
United StatesJapanHorizons-2Intelsat/JSAT CorporationGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
MauritiusRascom-QAF 1RascomSTAR-QAFGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
Operational
Helium leak affected early operations of Rascom-QAF 1,[44] reducing operational lifetime by 13 years.
23 December
07:12:41[45]
RussiaSoyuz-UKazakhstanBaikonur Site 1/5RussiaRoskosmos
RussiaProgress M-62RoskosmosLow Earth (ISS)Logistics15 February 2008
10:29
Successful
ISS flight 27P
25 December
19:32[45]
RussiaProton-M/DM-2KazakhstanBaikonur Site 81/24RussiaVKS
RussiaKosmos 2434 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2435 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
RussiaKosmos 2436 (GLONASS-M)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Proton-M/DM-2

Suborbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC)RocketFlight numberLaunch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ =CubeSat)
OperatorOrbitFunctionDecay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks

January

[edit]
11 January
22:28[46][33]
ChinaDF-21ChinaXichang[4]ChinaPLA
ChinaASATPLASuborbitalASAT test11 JanuarySuccessful
DestroyedFeng Yun 1C satellite
16 January
02:20[33]
JapanS-310JapanUchinouraJapanJAXA
JAXASuborbitalIonospheric16 JanuarySuccessful
19 January
12:29[33]
CanadaBlack Brant VBUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesJOULE IIClemsonSuborbitalAuroral19 JanuarySuccessful
19 January
12:30[33]
CanadaBlack Brant IXUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesJOULE IIClemsonSuborbitalAuroral19 JanuarySuccessful
19 January
12:44[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesJOULE IIClemsonSuborbitalAuroral19 JanuarySuccessful
19 January
12:45[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesJOULE IIClemsonSuborbitalAuroral19 JanuarySuccessful
27 January
05:20[33]
RussiaR-17 ElbrusFTT-06United StatesBarking SandsUnited StatesUS Army
MDASuborbitalTarget27 JanuarySuccessful
Intercepted by THAAD
27 January[33]United StatesTHAADFTT-06United StatesBarking SandsUnited StatesUS Army
MDASuborbitalABM test27 JanuarySuccessful
30 January[33]RussiaR-17 ElbrusSyriaSyriaSyriaSyrian Army
Syrian ArmySuborbitalMissile test30 JanuarySuccessful

February

[edit]
7 February
08:15[33]
United StatesLGM-30G Minuteman IIIUnited StatesVandenbergLF-10United StatesUS Air Force
United StatesGT-193GMUS Air ForceSuborbitalMissile test7 FebruarySuccessful
ImpactedReagan Test Site
12 February
12:45[33]
CanadaBlack Brant XIIUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesROPA[47]DartmouthSuborbitalAuroral12 FebruarySuccessful
14 February
09:22[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesHEX 2AlaskaSuborbitalThermospheric14 FebruarySuccessful
14 February
09:27[33]
CanadaBlack Brant XUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesHEX 2AlaskaSuborbitalThermospheric14 FebruarySuccessful
14 February
09:36[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesHEX 2AlaskaSuborbitalThermospheric14 FebruarySuccessful
14 February
09:38[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesHEX 2AlaskaSuborbitalThermospheric14 FebruarySuccessful
25 February[6]IranShahab-3IranIranIranIARI
IranKavoshINSASuborbitalScientific25 FebruarySuccessful
First successfulIranian scientific launch
28 February
08:39[33]
CanadaBlack Brant XIIUnited StatesPoker FlatUnited StatesNASA
United StatesCHARMDartmouthSuborbitalScientific28 FebruarySuccessful

March

[edit]
1 MarchIndiaRH-200SVNorwayAndøyaNorway Andøya
NorwayMini-DUSTY 13AndøyaSuborbitalTechnology1 MarchPartial launch failure
Rocket underperformed and failed to reach correct apogee
6 March
00:30[33]
United StatesSR-19United StatesC-17,KauaiUnited StatesUS Air Force
US Army/MDASuborbitalTarget6 MarchSuccessful
21 March
04:27[33]
United StatesChimera (Minuteman/Minotaur II)United States VandenbergLF-06United StatesOrbital Sciences
US Air ForceSuborbitalTarget21 MarchSuccessful
Tracking demonstration
30 MarchIndiaDhanushIndia Ship,Indian OceanIndiaDRDO
DRDOSuborbitalTarget30 MarchSuccessful
apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)

April

[edit]
6 April
06:42[33]
RussiaR-17 ElbrusUnited StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Army
MDASuborbitalTarget6 AprilSuccessful
Tracking demonstration
12 April
05:32[33]
IndiaAgni-IIIIndiaIntegrated Test RangeIndiaIDRDL
IndiaRe-entry vehicleIDRDLSuborbitalMissile test12 AprilSuccessful
26 April
21:31[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionFTM-11 E4United StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
TargetUS NavySuborbitalTarget26 AprilSuccessful
Intercepted by SM-3
26 April
21:32[33]
United StatesRIM-161 SM-3FTM-11 E4United StatesUSS Lake Erie, KauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
InterceptorUS NavySuborbitalABM test26 AprilSuccessful
Intercepted Terrier-Orion
28 April
14:56[33]
United StatesSpaceLoft XLUnited StatesSpaceport AmericaUnited StatesUP Aerospace
United StatesLegacyCelestisSuborbitalSpace burial28 AprilSuccessful
United StatesLaunchQuestCCAT/NALISuborbitalStudent research28 AprilSuccessful
United StatesRocketSat IINASA/ColoradoSuborbitalTechnology28 AprilSuccessful
United StatesSeedsEpsori Space SystemsSuborbitalBiological28 AprilSuccessful
United StatesAntimatter/Space2OMEISuborbitalDrink ingredients28 AprilSuccessful
United StatesCommemorative itemsAstrata
RocketFoto
Astrax
Suborbital28 AprilSuccessful
Recoverablesounding launch to anapogee of 117 kilometres,Legacy included remains ofAstronautGordon Cooper and actorJames Doohan, bad weather delayed recovery

May

[edit]
15 May[33]United StatesUGM-133 Trident IIUnited StatesETR,USS TennesseeUnited StatesUS Navy
United StatesFCET-37US NavySuborbitalSLBM test15 MaySuccessful
15 May[33]United StatesUGM-133 Trident IIUnited StatesETR, USSTennesseeUnited StatesUS Navy
United StatesFCET-37US NavySuborbitalSLBM test15 MaySuccessful
25 May
13:15
United StatesUGM-27 Polaris (STARS)FTG-03United StatesKodiakUnited StatesSandia
MDASuborbitalABM Target25 MayFailure
FTG-03 target, did not reach correct altitude,GMD-OBV interceptor not launched[48]
29 May
10:20[33]
RussiaRS-24RussiaPlesetskRussiaRVSN
RVSNSuborbitalMissile test29 MaySuccessful
Maiden flight of RS-24 missile

June

[edit]
15 June
02:45[33]
United StatesTalos-CastorAustraliaWoomeraAustraliaDSTO
AustraliaHyShot/HYCAUSEDSTOSuborbitalHypersonic research15 JuneSuccessful
15 June[33]United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
United StatesARAVUS NavySuborbitalTarget15 JuneSuccessful
15 June[33]United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
United StatesARAVUS NavySuborbitalTarget15 JuneSuccessful
20 JuneUnited StatesMEI-F3United StatesLas CrucesUnited StatesMEI
United StatesRocketSat IIINASA/ColoradoSuborbitalTechnology20 JuneSuccessful
United StatesAntimatter/Space2OMEISuborbitalDrink ingredients20 JuneSuccessful
21 June[33]United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesWhite SandsNASA
United StatesST-5000/CACSNASA/NSROCSuborbitalTest rocket21 JuneSuccessful
21 June[33]FranceM51FranceBiscarrosse, SubmarineFranceFOST
FOSTSuborbitalMissile test21 JuneSuccessful
23 June
02:40[33]
United StatesCastor 4BFTM-12United StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
US NavySuborbitalTarget23 JuneSuccessful
Intercepted by SM-3
23 June
02:44[33]
United StatesRIM-161 SM-3FTM-12United StatesUSS Decatur, KauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
US NavySuborbitalABM test23 JuneSuccessful
Intercepted Castor 4B
28 June[33]RussiaRSM-56 BulavaRussiaWhite Sea, SubmarineRussiaVMF
VMFSuborbitalMissile test28 JuneSuccessful

July

[edit]
19 July[33]BrazilVSB-30 (306)BrazilAlcântaraBrazilAEB
BrazilCuma IIINPESuborbitalMicrogravity19 JulyPartial spacecraft failure
Parachute or flotation system malfunction prevented recovery

August

[edit]
3 August
22:51:20[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionNorwayAndøyaUnited StatesNASA
United StatesMASS 1NASA/ColoradoSuborbitalAtmospheric3 AugustSuccessful
3 August
23:22[33]
United StatesNike OrionNorwayAndøyaGermanyDLR
NorwayGermanyFranceECOMA 3ARR, DLR,IAPSuborbitalAtmospheric3 AugustSuccessful
Apogee: 126.5 kilometres (78.6 mi)
6 August
22:56[33]
United StatesTerrier-OrionNorwayAndøyaUnited StatesNASA
United StatesMASS 2NASA/ColoradoSuborbitalAtmospheric6 AugustSuccessful
7 August[33]RussiaR-29R VolnaRussiaPacific Ocean,Delta III submarineRussiaVMF
VMFSuborbitalMissile test7 AugustSuccessful
13 August
05:45[33]
CanadaBlack Brant IXUnited StatesWhite SandsLC-36United StatesNASA
United StatesLIDOS 2NASA/JHUSuborbitalUltraviolet astronomy13 AugustSuccessful
23 August
08:31[33]
United StatesChimera (Minuteman/Minotaur II)United StatesVandenberg LF-06United StatesOrbital Sciences
United StatesNFIRE 2aMDASuborbitalTarget23 August
09:01
Successful
Tracking target for the NFIRE spacecraft

September

[edit]
2 September
10:20
JapanS-520JapanUchinouraJapanJAXA
JapanWINDJAXA/KochiSuborbitalThermospheric2 SeptemberSuccessful
6 September
21:09
United StatesTerrier-OrionUnited StatesWallops Flight FacilityUnited StatesNASA
United StatesPLAYERNASASuborbitalTechnology6 September
21:19
Successful
13 September
05:50
TaiwanTaiwan Sounding RocketSounding Rocket VITaiwanJiu Peng Air BaseTaiwanNSPO
TaiwanReaction control system,recovery capsuleNSPO/NCUSuborbitalTechnology test13 SeptemberSuccessful
Apogee: ~280 km (174 mi). Recovery capsule successfullysplashed down, but was not recovered due to weather conditions.[49]
28 September
20:16
United StatesPolaris (STARS)FTG-03aUnited StatesKodiakUnited StatesSandia
MDASuborbitalTarget28 SeptemberSuccessful
Intercepted by Ground Based Interceptor
28 September
20:18
United StatesGround Based InterceptorFTG-03aUnited StatesVandenbergLF-23United StatesMDA
MDASuborbitalABM test28 SeptemberSuccessful
Intercepted Polaris (STARS)

October

[edit]
5 October
05:50
IndiaAgni-IIndiaIntegrated Test RangeIndiaIDRDL
IDRDLSuborbitalMissile test5 OctoberSuccessful
29 OctoberRussiaRS-18 UR-100NKazakhstanBaikonurRussiaRVSN
RVSNSuborbitalMissile test29 OctoberSuccessful
30 October
04:12:52
CanadaBlack Brant IXUnited StatesWallops Flight Facility Pad 1United StatesNASA
United StatesEARLENASA/TexasSuborbitalIonospheric30 October
04:26:17
Successful

November

[edit]
6 November
18:00
CanadaBlack Brant IXUnited StatesWhite Sands LC-36United StatesNASA
United StatesEUNISNASASuborbitalSolar6 NovemberSuccessful

December

[edit]
8 DecemberRussiaRT-2UTTH Topol-MRussiaKapustin YarRussiaRVSN
RVSNSuborbitalMissile test8 DecemberSuccessful
10 December
09:00:00
CanadaBlack Brant XIINorwayAndøyaUnited StatesNASA
United StatesTRICE-HighNASA/UoISuborbitalElectrodynamics10 DecemberSuccessful
10 December
09:02:00
CanadaBlack Brant XIINorwayAndøyaUnited StatesNASA
United StatesTRICE-LowNASA/UoISuborbitalElectrodynamics10 DecemberSuccessful
17 December
22:05[50]
United StatesCastor 4BJFTM-1United StatesKauaiUnited StatesUS Navy
United StatesMock warheadUS NavySuborbitalTarget17 DecemberSuccessful
Intercepted by SM-3
17 December
22:08[50]
United StatesRIM-161 SM-3JFTM-1JapanJDSKongōJapanJMSDF
JMSDFSuborbitalABM test17 DecemberSuccessful
Intercepted Castor 4B, first Japanese ABM test (Using American technology)
17 DecemberRussiaR-29RM Sineva (RSM-54)RussiaBarents Sea,K-114RussiaVMF
RussiaRe-entry vehiclesVMFSuborbitalMissile test17 DecemberSuccessful
Multiple re-entry vehicles, impactedKura Test Range
17 DecemberBrazilVS-30BrazilBarreira do InfernoBrazilAEB
BrazilArgentinaAngicosAEB/CONAESuborbitalMicrogravity17 DecemberSuccessful
25 December
10:00
RussiaR-29RM Sineva (RSM-54)RussiaBarents Sea,K-114RussiaVMF
RussiaRe-entry vehiclesVMFSuborbitalMissile test25 DecemberSuccessful
Multiple re-entry vehicles, Impacted Kura Test Range
25 December
13:10
RussiaRS-24RussiaPlesetskRussiaRVSN
RussiaRe-entry vehiclesRVSNSuborbitalMissile test25 DecemberSuccessful
Multiple re-entry vehicles

Deep Space Rendezvous

[edit]
Date (GMT)SpacecraftEventRemarks
13 JanuaryCassini23rd flyby ofTitanClosest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi)
29 JanuaryCassini24th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 2,775 kilometres (1,724 mi)
22 FebruaryCassini25th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi)
25 FebruaryRosettaFlyby ofMarsGravity assist
28 FebruaryNew HorizonsFlyby ofJupiterGravity assist
10 MarchCassini26th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 956 kilometres (594 mi)
26 MarchCassini27th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi)
10 AprilCassini28th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 951 kilometres (591 mi)
26 AprilCassini29th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 951 kilometres (591 mi)
12 MayCassini30th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi)
28 MayCassini31stflyby of TitanClosest approach: 2,425 kilometres (1,507 mi)
5 JuneMESSENGER2nd flyby ofVenusGravity assist; Closest approach: 338 kilometres (210 mi)
13 JuneCassini32nd flyby of TitanClosest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi)
29 JuneCassini33rd flyby of TitanClosest approach: 1,942 kilometres (1,207 mi)
19 JulyCassini34thflyby of TitanClosest approach: 1,302 kilometres (809 mi)
30 AugustCassiniFlyby ofRheaClosest approach: 5,100 kilometres (3,200 mi)
31 AugustCassini35th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 3,227 kilometres (2,005 mi)
10 SeptemberCassiniFlyby ofIapetusClosest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
2 OctoberCassini36th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi)
3 October[51]KaguyaSelenocentric orbit injection
5 NovemberChang'e 1Selenocentric orbit injection
13 NovemberRosetta2nd flyby of the EarthMistaken for asteroid, given the designation2007 VN84
19 NovemberCassini37th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 950 kilometres (590 mi)
5 DecemberCassini38th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
20 DecemberCassini39th flyby of TitanClosest approach: 953 kilometres (592 mi)
31 DecemberDeep Impact (EPOXI)Flyby of EarthClosest approach: 15,566 kilometres (9,672 mi)
Distant, non-targeted flybys ofDione, Enceladus,Mimas,Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.

EVAs

[edit]
Start date/timeDurationEnd timeSpacecraftCrewFunctionRemarks
31 January
15:14
7 hours
55 minutes 
23:09Expedition 14 
ISSQuest
United StatesMichael Lopez-Alegria
United StatesSunita Williams
ReconfiguredDestiny cooling system, connectedSSPTS, securedP6 starboard radiator, disconnectedEAS.[52]
4 February
13:38
7 hours
11 minutes
20:49Expedition 14
ISSQuest
United StatesMichael Lopez-Alegria
United StatesSunita Williams
CompletedDestiny cooling system reconfiguration and EAS disconnection, photographed P6 inboard solar array, continued SSPTS installation.[53]
8 February
13:26
6 hours
40 minutes
20:06Expedition 14
ISSQuest
United StatesMichael Lopez-Alegria
United StatesSunita Williams
Removed and jettisonedP3 thermal covers, install P3 attachment point, removeP5 launch restraints, continued SSPTS installation.[54]
22 February
10:27
6 hours
18 minutes
16:45Expedition 14
ISSPirs
RussiaMikhail Tyurin
United StatesMichael Lopez-Alegria
Retracted an antenna at the aft port of theZvezda, photographed a satellite navigation antenna, and replaced a Russian materials experiment, inspected and photographed an antenna for theATV, photographed a German robotics experiment, and inspected, remated, and photographed hardware connectors.[55]
30 May
19:05
5 hours
25 minutes
31 May
00:30
Expedition 15
ISSPirs
RussiaFyodor Yurchikhin
RussiaOleg Kotov
Installed Service Module Debris Protection (SMDP) panels and rerouted aGlobal Positioning System antenna cable.[56]
6 June
14:23
5 hours
37 minutes
20:00Expedition 15
ISSPirs
RussiaFyodor Yurchikhin
RussiaOleg Kotov
Installed a section of Ethernet cable on theZarya module, installed additional Service Module Debris Protection (SMDP) panels onZvezda, and deployed a Russian scientific experiment.[57]
11 June
20:02
6 hours
15 minutes
12 June
02:17
STS-117
ISSQuest
United StatesJames F. Reilly
United StatesJohn D. Olivas
Began theS3/S4 Truss installation.[58]
13 June
18:28
7 hours
16 minutes
14 June
01:44
STS-117
ISSQuest
United StatesPatrick G. Forrester
United StatesSteven Swanson
Assisted in retraction of the solar panels on the P6 Truss. Completed the S3/S4 truss installation. Partial failure due to the S3/S4 SARJ motor control circuits being wired in reverse, so some launch restraints were left in place to prevent the possibility of undesired rotation.[59]
15 June
17:24
7 hours
58 minutes
16 June
01:22
STS-117
ISSQuest
United StatesJames F. Reilly
United StatesJohn D. Olivas
Repaired theOrbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pod thermal blanket, finished theP6solar array retraction, and installed a hydrogen ventilation valve ontoDestiny.[60]
17 June
16:25
6 hours
29 minutes
22:54STS-117
ISSQuest
United StatesPatrick G. Forrester
United StatesSteven Swanson
Retrieved a television camera and its support structure from anESP attached toQuest, and installed it on the S3 truss, verified the Drive Lock Assembly (DLA) 2 configuration, and removed the last six SARJ launch restraints. Installed a computer network cable onUnity, opened the hydrogen vent valve onDestiny, and tethered two orbital debris shield panels onZvezda.[61]
23 July
10:25
7 hours
41 minutes
18:06Expedition 15
ISSQuest
United StatesClayton Anderson
RussiaFyodor Yurchikhin
Replaced components for theMobile Transporter's redundant power system, jettisoned an ammonia tank and flight support equipment, and cleaned theCommon Berthing Mechanism (CBM) on the nadir port ofUnity.[62][63]
11 August
16:28
6 hours
17 minutes
23:45STS-118
ISSQuest
United StatesRichard Mastracchio
CanadaDafydd Williams
Attached theStarboard 5 (S5) segment of the station's truss, and retracted the forward heat-rejecting radiator from the station'sPort 6 (P6) truss.[64]
13 August
15:32
6 hours
28 minutes
22:00STS-118
ISSQuest
United StatesRichard Mastracchio
CanadaDafydd Williams
Removed the newControl Moment Gyroscope (CMG) from the shuttle's payload bay and installed it onto theZ1 truss. Installed the failed CMG onto anExternal Stowage Platform (ESP-2).[65]
15 August
14:38
5 hours
28 minutes
20:05STS-118
ISSQuest
United StatesRichard Mastracchio
United StatesClayton Anderson
Relocated two CETA carts around theMobile Transporter and an antenna base from the P6 truss to P1, and installed a new transponder and signal processor for an S-band communications upgrade.[66]Mastracchio noted a hole on the thumb of his left glove and returned to the airlock as a precautionary measure.
18 August
14:17
5 hours
2 minutes
19:02STS-118
ISSQuest
CanadaDafydd Williams
United StatesClayton Anderson
RetrievedMaterials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) containers 3 and 4, installed theOrbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) Boom Stand, installed an External Wireless Instrumentation System (EWIS) antenna, and secured Z1 gimbal locks.[67]
26 October
10:02
6 hours
14 minutes
16:16STS-120
ISSQuest
United StatesScott E. Parazynski
United StatesDouglas H. Wheelock
Installed the newHarmony module in its temporary location, retrieved theS-BandAntenna Support Assembly, and prepared for the relocation of the P6 truss by disconnecting fluid lines on theP6/Z1 truss segments.[68]
28 October
09:32
6 hours
33 minutes
16:05STS-120
ISSQuest
United StatesScott E. Parazysnki
United StatesDaniel M. Tani
Disconnected theZ1-to-P6 umbilicals, detached P6 from Z1, configured theS1 radiator, installed handrails ontoHarmony, and inspected theS4starboardSolar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ).[69]
30 October
08:45
7 hours
8 minutes
15:53STS-120
ISSQuest
United StatesScott E. Parazysnki
United StatesDouglas H. Wheelock
AttachedP6 toP5, installed P6/P5 umbilical connections, reconfiguredS1 following its redeployment, and inspected the port SARJ.[70]
3 November
10:03
7 hours
19 minutes
17:22STS-120
ISSQuest
United StatesScott E. Parazysnki
United StatesDouglas H. Wheelock
Inspection and repair of theP6solar array.[71]
9 November
09:54
6 hours
55 minutes
16:49Expedition 16
ISSQuest
United StatesPeggy Whitson
RussiaYuri Malenchenko
Disconnected and stored theStation-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System cables, stored thePMA-2 umbilical, and stowed aHarmony node avionics umbilical into a temporary position.[72][73]
20 November
10:10
7 hours
16 minutes
17:26Expedition 16
ISSQuest
United StatesPeggy Whitson
United StatesDaniel M. Tani
External configuration ofPMA-2 andHarmony: Fluid, electrical, and data lines attached, avionics lines hooked up, heater cables attached, and relocated a fluid tray.[74]
24 November
09:50
7 hours
4 minutes
16:54Expedition 16
ISSQuest
United StatesPeggy Whitson
United StatesDaniel M. Tani
Completion of fluid, electrical, and data line hookups forPMA-2 andHarmony. Loop B Fluid Tray connected to the port side of theDestiny laboratory. Inspected and photographed the starboardSolar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) to assist with troubleshooting on the ground.[75]
18 December
09:50
6 hours
56 minutes
16:46Expedition 16
ISSQuest
United StatesPeggy Whitson
United StatesDaniel M. Tani
Inspected theS4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and a Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA).[76][77]100th EVA in support of the ISS.
Whitson became the female astronaut with the most EVAs and the most time spent in EVA.[78][79]

Orbital launch statistics

[edit]

By country

[edit]

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport.

CountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial
failures
 China101000
 France6600
 India3201
 Israel1100
 Japan2200
 Russia222110
 Ukraine5410
 United States191711
World686332

By rocket

[edit]
5
10
15
20

By family

[edit]
FamilyCountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Ariane France6600
Atlas United States4301
Delta United States9900
Falcon United States1010
GSLV India1001
H-II Japan2200
Long March China101000
Minotaur United States1100
Pegasus United States1100
PSLV India2200
R-7 Russia121200
R-14 Russia3300
R-36 Ukraine3300
Shavit 2 Israel1100
Space Shuttle United States3300
Universal Rocket Russia7610
Zenit Ukraine2110

By type

[edit]
RocketCountryFamilyLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Ariane 5 FranceAriane6600
Atlas V United StatesAtlas4301
Delta II United StatesDelta8800
Delta IV United StatesDelta1100
Dnepr UkraineR-363300
Falcon 1 United StatesFalcon1010
GSLV IndiaGSLV1001
H-IIA JapanH-II2200
Kosmos RussiaR-12/R-143300
Long March 2 ChinaLong March2200
Long March 3 ChinaLong March6600
Long March 4 ChinaLong March2200
Minotaur I United StatesMinotaur1100
Molniya RussiaR-71100
Pegasus United StatesPegasus1100
Proton RussiaUniversal Rocket7610
PSLV IndiaPSLV2200
Shavit IsraelShavit1100
Soyuz RussiaR-7111100
Space Shuttle United StatesSpace Shuttle3300
Zenit UkraineZenit2110

By configuration

[edit]
RocketCountryTypeLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Ariane 5 ECA FranceAriane 54400
Ariane 5 GS FranceAriane 52200
Atlas V 401 United StatesAtlas V3201
Atlas V 421 United StatesAtlas V1100Maiden flight
Delta II 7420 United StatesDelta II2200
Delta II 7920 United StatesDelta II1100
Delta II 7925 United StatesDelta II4400
Delta II 7925H United StatesDelta II1100Final flight
Delta IV Heavy United StatesDelta IV1100
Dnepr UkraineDnepr3300
Falcon 1 United StatesFalcon 11010
GSLV Mk I IndiaGSLV1001Final flight
H-IIA 2022 JapanH-IIA1100
H-IIA 2024 JapanH-IIA1100
Kosmos-3M RussiaKosmos3300
Long March 2C ChinaLong March 21100
Long March 2D ChinaLong March 21100
Long March 3A ChinaLong March 34400
Long March 3B ChinaLong March 31100
Long March 3B/E ChinaLong March 31100
Long March 4B ChinaLong March 41100
Long March 4C ChinaLong March 41100
Minotaur I United StatesMinotaur I1100
Molniya-M /2BL RussiaMolniya1100
Pegasus-XL United StatesPegasus1100
Proton-K /DM-2 RussiaProton1100
Proton-M /DM-2 RussiaProton1100Maiden flight
Proton-M /Briz-M RussiaProton5410
PSLV-G IndiaPSLV1100
PSLV-CA IndiaPSLV1100Maiden flight
Shavit-2 IsraelShavit1100Maiden flight
Soyuz-FG RussiaSoyuz2200
Soyuz-FG /Fregat RussiaSoyuz3300
Soyuz-U RussiaSoyuz6600
Space Shuttle United StatesSpace Shuttle3300
Zenit-2M UkraineZenit1100Maiden flight
Zenit-3SL UkraineZenit1010

By launch site

[edit]
5
10
15
20
China
France
India
International waters
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Marshall Islands
Russia
United States
SiteCountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Baikonur Kazakhstan201910
Cape Canaveral United States10901
Dombarovsky Russia1100
Jiuquan China1100
Kennedy United States3300
Kourou France6600
Kwajalein Marshall Islands1010
MARS United States1100
Ocean OdysseyUnited Nations International1010Damaged by explosion
Palmachim Israel1100
Plesetsk Russia5500
Satish Dhawan India3201
Taiyuan China3300
Tanegashima Japan2200
Vandenberg United States4400One launch usedStargazer aircraft
Xichang China6600
Total686332

By orbit

[edit]
10
20
30
40
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regimeLaunchesSuccessesFailuresAccidentally
achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric0000
Low Earth3736109 to ISS
Medium Earth /Molniya7700
Geosynchronous /GTO191720
High Earth /Lunar transfer3300
Heliocentric /Planetary transfer2200
Total686530

References

[edit]
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

[edit]
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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