Muhammad Yunus[a] (born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi economist, entrepreneur, civil society leader and statesman who has been serving as the fifthchief adviser of Bangladesh[b] since 2024.[1] Yunus pioneered the modern concept ofmicrocredit andmicrofinance, for which he was awarded theNobel Peace Prize in 2006. He is the founder ofGrameen Bank and the firstBangladeshi to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
During theBangladesh Liberation War in 1971, Yunus founded a citizen's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center, with other Bangladeshis in the United States, to raise support for liberation.[19] He also published theBangladesh Newsletter from his home inNashville. After the War, he returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government's Planning Commission headed by Nurul Islam. However, he found the job boring and resigned to joinChittagong University as head of the Economics department.[24] After observing thefamine of 1974, he became involved inpoverty reduction and established a rural economic programme as a research project. In 1975, he developed aNabajug Tebhaga Khamar (lit.'New Era Three-share Farm') which the government adopted as the Packaged Input Programme.[19] To make the project more effective, Yunus and his associates proposed theGram Sarkar (lit.'Village government') programme.[25] Introduced by PresidentZiaur Rahman in the late 1970s, the government formed 40,392 village governments as a fourth layer of government in 2003. On 2 August 2005, in response to a petition byBangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST), the High Court declared village governments illegal and unconstitutional.[26]
His concept ofmicrocredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries also inspired programmes such as the Info lady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.[27][28][29]
In 1976, during visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus discovered that very small loans could make a disproportionate difference to a poor person. Village women who madebamboo furniture had to takeusurious loans to buy bamboo, and repay their profits to the lenders. Traditional banks did not want to make tiny loans at reasonable interest to the poor due to high risk of default.[30] But Yunus believed that, given the chance, the poor will not need to pay high interest on the money, can keep any profits from their own labour, and hencemicrocredit was a viablebusiness model.[31] Yunus lent US$27 of his money to 42 women in the village, who made a profit ofBDT 0.50 (US$0.02) each on the loan.[32] Thus, Yunus is credited with the idea of microcredit.[11]
In December 1976, Yunus finally secured a loan from the governmentJanata Bank to lend to the poor in Jobra. The institution continued to operate, securing loans from other banks for its projects. By 1982, it had 28,000 members. On 1 October 1983, the pilot project began operation as a full-fledged bank for poor Bangladeshis and was renamedGrameen Bank ("Village Bank"). By July 2007, Grameen had issued US$6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers.[33] To ensure repayment, the bank uses a system of "solidarity groups". These small informal groups apply together for loans and its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support one another's efforts at economic self-advancement.[25]
In the late 1980s, Grameen started to diversify by attending to underutilized fishing ponds and irrigation pumps like deep tube wells.[34] In 1989, these diversified interests started growing into separate organisations. The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ("Grameen Fisheries Foundation") and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ("Grameen Agriculture Foundation").[34] In time, the Grameen initiative grew into a multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures, including major projects like Grameen Trust andGrameen Fund, which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited, Grameen CyberNet Limited, and Grameen Knitwear Limited,[35] as well asGrameen Telecom, which has a stake inGrameenphone (GP), the biggest private phone company in Bangladesh.[36] From its start in March 1997 to 2007, GP'sVillage Phone (Polli Phone) project had brought cell-phone ownership to 260,000 rural poor in over 50,000 villages.[37]
In 1974 we ended up with a famine in the country. People were dying of hunger and not having enough to eat. And that's a terrible situation to see around you. And I was feeling terrible that here I teach elegant theories of economics, and those theories are of no use at the moment with the people who are going hungry. So I wanted to see if as a person, as a human being, I could be of some use to some people.
– Muhammad Yunus while talking about reason behind creating Grameen Bank[38]
The success of the Grameen microfinance model inspired similar efforts in about 100developing countries and even in developed countries including the United States.[39] Many microcredit projects retain Grameen's emphasis of lending to women. More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to women, who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men to devote their earnings to their families.[40]
For his work with Grameen, Yunus was named anAshoka: Innovators for the Public Global Academy Member in 2001.[41] According to Rashidul Bari, the Grameen's social business model has gone from being theory to an inspiring practice adopted globally by leading universities, entrepreneurs, social business and corporations.[42]
TheYunus Centre, located inDhaka, Bangladesh, is a think tank focused on social business, poverty alleviation, and sustainability. Founded in 2008 and chaired by Dr Yunus, it promotes his philosophy of social business and serves as a resource center for related initiatives. The centre's activities include poverty eradication campaigns, research and publications, support forsocial businessstart-ups, organizing the Global Social Business Summit, and developing academic programs on social business with international universities.[43]
International career
In July 2007, inJohannesburg, South Africa,Nelson Mandela,Graça Machel andDesmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders "to contribute their wisdom, independent leadership and integrity to tackle some of the world's toughest problems."[44] Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group,The Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday.[45] Yunus attended the launch of the group and was one of its founding members. He stepped down as an Elder in September 2009, stating that he was unable to do justice to his membership due to the demands of his work.[46]
Yunus is a member of theAfrica Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies.[47]In July 2009, Yunus became a member of theSNV Netherlands Development Organisation International Advisory Board to support the organisation's poverty reduction work.[48] Since 2010, Yunus has served as a Commissioner for theBroadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN initiative which seeks to use broadband internet services to accelerate social and economic development.[49]In March 2016, he was appointed byUnited Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon to the High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, which was co-chaired by presidentsFrançois Hollande of France andJacob Zuma of South Africa.[50] Following theRohingya genocide in 2016–2017, Yunus urgedMyanmar to end violence againstRohingya Muslims.[51]
Early political career
For many years, Yunus remained a follower of Hasina's father,Sheikh Mujib, Former President of Bangladesh.[52] While teaching atMiddle Tennessee State University,[53] Yunus founded the Bangladesh Citizens' Committee (BCC) as a response to West Pakistan's aggression against Bangladesh.[54]: 74 After the outbreak of thewar of liberation, the BCC selected Yunus to become editor of itsBangladesh News Letter.[55] Inspired by the birth of Bangladesh in 1971, Yunus returned home in 1972. The relationship continued after Mujib's death.
In early 2006, Yunus, along with other members of the civil society includingRehman Sobhan,Muhammad Habibur Rahman,Kamal Hossain,Matiur Rahman,Mahfuz Anam andDebapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign for honest and clean candidates in national elections.[58] He considered entering politics in the later part of that year.[59] On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote an open letter, published in the Bangladeshi newspaperDaily Star, where he asked citizens for views on his plan to float a political party to establish political goodwill, proper leadership and goodgovernance. In the letter, he called on everyone to briefly outline how he should go about the task and how they can contribute to it.[60] Yunus finally announced that he is willing to launch a political party tentatively calledNagorik Shakti (lit.'Citizens' Power') on 18 February 2007.[61][62] There was speculation that the army supported a move by Yunus into politics.[63] On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had decided to abandon his political plans following a meeting with the head of thecaretaker government,Fakhruddin Ahmed.[64]
Yunus with Japanese Prime MinisterNaoto Kan in 2010
Amid theStudent–People's uprising in Bangladesh, Yunus expressed support for the students and his distaste of the current government, and in August 2024, after the resignation ofSheikh Hasina and her departure to India, it was announced that Yunus would be chief adviser of theinterim government.[65][66] While theConstitution of Bangladesh has not provided for an interim government since 2011, the Yunus government is deemed legitimate due to thedoctrine of necessity. Bangladeshi courts have taken the line that Hasina's resignation created a situation for which there was no constitutional remedy. Not only does the Bangladeshi legal system no longer account for transfers of power, but there was an urgent need to oversee state affairs.
Muhammad Yunus was appointed as the transitional leader of the interim government on 7 August 2024 by presidentMohammed Shahabuddin.[67] On 8 August 2024, he took the oath and has been serving as theChief Advisor of theinterim government.[68] After the oath, he visited injured people inDhaka Medical College.[69] On 10 August 2024, he visited the home and family members ofAbu Sayed.[70] He also visited injured student protesters in theRangpur Medical College.[71] Following communal violence after Hasina's resignation, Yunus threatened to resign if the violence continued[72] and vowed to crack down on conspirators of the attacks.[73]
As Chief Adviser, Yunus has pledged to continue providing humanitarian aid toRohingya refugees in Bangladesh and support the garment industry amid disruptions caused by the unrest prior to his appointment.[74]
On 16 December 2024, Yunus announced that general elections would be held in late 2025 or early 2026.[75] On 5 August 2025, Yunus requested theBangladesh Election Commission to organise the election beforeRamadan 2026, which will begin as early as 17 February.[76]
Muhammad Yunus received a Guard Of Honor from the Qatar Armed Forces
In his capacity as Chief Adviser of Bangladesh's interim government, Muhammad Yunus has taken initiatives to enhance the country's digital infrastructure and support inclusive economic growth. In March 2025, Yunus announced that Bangladesh would finalize a commercial agreement with SpaceX's Starlink within three months. The initiative aims to deliver reliable satellite internet across the nation and prevent political disruptions from leading to internet blackouts, as happened in the past.[77] Yunus emphasized that satellite internet through Starlink would allow broader access to education, health services, and entrepreneurship, especially in rural and underserved regions. He also expressed interest in collaborating withElon Musk to unlock Bangladesh's potential through digital innovation.[78]
Muhammad Yunus with his daughter Dina Yunus at a reception hosted by U.S. PresidentDonald Trump and First LadyMelania Trump in New York, 27 September 2025[79][80].
In April 2025, Yunus addressed the 81st session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), reaffirming Bangladesh's commitment to building a climate-resilient and inclusive digital economy. He highlighted the government's investments in green infrastructure, sustainable housing, and nature-based solutions to support vulnerable populations.[81]
The Yunus Administration has been criticised for their inability to maintain law and order during the start of their term,[82] but has been praised for restoring democratic rights such as the freedom of press, freedom of speech and improved foreign relations as well as the implementation of key reforms which led to a high approval rating.[83]
Reforms under Muhammad Yunus's administration
July Charter
Yunus's administration created theJuly Charter, which is a political declaration based on a consensus reached by 30 political parties for constitutional, administrative and electoral reforms.[84]
Creation of a bicameral parliament (senate)
Professor Muhammad Yunus At Martyred Intellectual's Memorial
Consensus was reached in discussions of the July Charter for the creation of two separate houses.[85] The national assembly (parliament) with 400 members and a newly formed upper house (senate) with 105 members elected throughProportional representation.[85]
The senate cannot introduce legislation but can review and suggest amendments and delay bills passed by the national assembly.[85] This was introduced to increase transparency and democracy.
Unified public transport system
Yunus's administration announced that all buses in the capital city of Dhaka will be brought under a unified system, following regulations and routes set by the government to create an efficient and functioning public transport system and prevent chaos.[86]
Traffic signals and road safety laws implementation
The Yunus administration implemented semi-automatic traffic signals at key intersections of the capital city and announced plans to implement traffic signals on a wide scale inDhaka.[87]
A real time traffic monitoring centre was also launched inDhaka, and it is equipped with advanced ITS technologies, such as real-time traffic monitoring, vehicle speed tracking, data analysis, and incident management.[88]
These reforms were introduced in efforts to reduce congestion and improve road safety.
Since 2009 under the government ofSheikh Hasina banned the NHRC from investigating members of law enforcement, which was removed through the ordinance issued by Yunus's government.[89]
The ordinance grants the organization new duties and powers such asinvestigation, prosecution, legal representation of complainants.[89]The new ordinance allows the organization to arrest and investigate suspects regardless of rank or political position independently.[89] The ordinance also gives the organization new powers such asvisiting and searching facilities to identify secret detention centres. It can also issue warrants to inspect prisons or other premises where enforced disappearances could have taken place.[89]
The rights commission can also authorise law enforcers to make arrests with the ordinance stating investigating officers cannot be part of the organization that is being investigated.[89]
This is considered to be revolutionary in tackling human rights abuses in Bangladesh.[89]
Increased police accountability
Due to theBangladesh Police's history of committing human rights abuses, especially during theJuly Revolution, the Yunus administration vowed to make the police an accountable and just force.[90][91]
A police reform commission was formed which suggested introducing clear-walled interrogation rooms in every police station to eliminate the risk of custodial torture.[90][91] To prevent enforced disappearances, the introduction of GPS trackers and bodycams was recommended along with the introduction of an independent police commission for accountability.[91][90]
The Yunus government announced the procurement of 40,000 bodycams for the police to promote accountability for the upcoming2026 Bangladeshi general election.[92]
Legal system reforms (introduction of pre-litigation mediation, digital legal aid launch)
Under Yunus, the government launched mandatory pre-litigation mediation (formal or informal process where a neutral third party, a mediator, helps disputing parties reach a resolution before a formal lawsuit is filed in court).[93]
The government also launched e-family courts (a new digital system for conducting family court proceedings entirely online).[94]
The most revolutionary legal reform under Yunus's government was a digital legal aid program which offers free legal assistance to underprivileged communities. Legal aid aims to make justice faster, fairer, and more accessible.[95]
Law adviserAsif Nazrul stated “If implemented successfully, the amended legal aid system has the potential to transform lives. By expanding mediation and bringing justice closer to people, especially those who cannot afford lengthy litigation, we can ensure that no citizen is left without protection of the law.”[95]
Yunus maintained a professional relationship with Hasina. Yunus appointed Hasina—along with U.S. First LadyHillary Clinton—as co-chair of a microcredit summit held 2–4 February 1997. In her statement she praised, "the outstanding work done by Professor Yunus and the Grameen Bank he founded. ... The success of the Grameen Bank has created optimism about the viability of banks engaged in extending micro-credit to the poor".[96] The inaugural ceremony of Grameen Phone, Bangladesh's largest telephone service, took place at Hasina's office on 26 March 1997. Using Grameen Phone, Hasina made the first call toThorbjorn Jagland, the then-Norwegian prime minister. When her conversation ended, she received another call, from Laily Begum, a Grameen Phone employee.
On 11 January 2007, ArmyGeneralMoeen U Ahmed staged a military coup,[97] andFakhruddin Ahmed took office on 11 January 2007 as Chief Advisor[98] saying he intended to arrange free and fair elections but also to clean up corruption. WhileKhaleda Zia and Hasina criticised Fakruddin and claimed that it was not his job to clean up corruption, Yunus expressed his satisfaction. In an interview with the AFP news agency, Yunus remarked "There is no ideology here."[99] In reaction to Yunus' comments Sheikh Hasina called him a "usurer who has not only failed to eradicate poverty but has also nurtured poverty."[100] This was Hasina's first public statement against Yunus.
TheAwami League government ofSheikh Hasina campaigned against Grameen and Yunus.The New York Times reported, "Her actions appear to be retaliation for Mr. Yunus's announcement in 2007 that he would seek public office, even though he never went through with his plans".[101] According toTimes of India, one other factor contributed to her decision against Yunus: the Nobel Peace Prize.[102]
Hasina thought she would win the Nobel Peace Prize for signing the 1997Chittagong Hill Tracts peace treaty. On 9 March,Attorney GeneralMahbubey Alam expressed the government's attitude when he said, "Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina should have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize". He went on to challenge the wisdom of the Nobel committee.[103]
Dismissal from and government targeting of Grameen (2011–2013)
The second Awami League government announced a review of Grameen Bank activities on 11 January 2011.[104] In February 2011, several international leaders, such asMary Robinson, stepped up their defence of Yunus through a number of efforts, including the founding of a formal network of supporters known as "Friends of Grameen".[105]
On 15 February 2011, theFinance Minister of Bangladesh,Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, declared that Yunus should "stay away" from Grameen Bank while it is being investigated.[106] On 2 March 2011, Muzammel Huq, a former Bank employee, whom the government had appointed chairman in January, announced that Yunus had been fired as managing director of the Bank.[107][108] However, Bank General Manager Jannat-E Quanine issued a statement that Yunus was "continuing in his office" pending review of the legal issues surrounding the controversy.[109]
In March 2011, Yunus petitioned theBangladesh High Court challenging the legality of the decision by theBangladeshi Central Bank to remove him as managing director of Grameen Bank.[110] The same day, nine elected directors of Grameen Bank filed a second petition.[111] U.S. SenatorJohn Kerry expressed his support to Yunus in a statement on 5 March 2011 and declared that he was "deeply concerned" by this affair.[112] The same day in Bangladesh, thousands of people protested and formed human chains to support Yunus.[113] The High Court hearing on the petitions, was planned for 6 March 2011 but postponed. On 8 March 2011, the Court confirmed Yunus's dismissal.[114]
On 2 August 2012, Sheikh Hasina approved a draft of "Grameen Bank Ordinance 2012"[115] to increase government control over the bank.[115] That power resided with the bank's directors—nine poor women who were elected by 8.3 million Grameen borrowers. Hasina also ordered a fresh investigation into Yunus's activities and financial transactions[116] in his later years as managing director of Grameen, but people saw the move as an attempt to destroy his image. The prime minister also alleged that Yunus had received his earnings without the necessary permission from the government, including his Nobel Peace Prize earnings and book royalties.[117]
On 4 October 2013, Bangladesh's cabinet approved the draft of a new law that would give the country's central bank greater control over Grameen Bank,[118] raising the stakes in the long-running dispute. The Grameen Bank Act 2013 was approved at a cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina[119] and was passed by parliament on 7 November 2013.[120] It replaced the Grameen Bank Ordinance, the law that underpinned the creation of Grameen Bank as a specialised microcredit institution in 1983.[121]The New York Times reported in August 2013:
Since then, the government has started an investigation into the bank and is now planning to take over Grameen—a majority of whose shares are owned by its borrowers—and break it up into 19 regional lenders.[101]
Vikas Bajaj wrote on 7 November 2013:
The government of Bangladesh has played its trump card in its long-running campaign against Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammad Yunus. Last week, legislators passed a law that effectively nationalizes the bank, which pioneered the idea of making small loans to poor women, by wresting control of it from the 8.4 million rural women that own a majority of its shares.[122]
Legal cases and trials (2010–2024)
Yunus faced 174 lawsuits in Bangladesh, 172 of which were civil cases. Allegations included labour law violations, corruption, and money laundering, which Yunus alleged were politically motivated.[123]
Hasina launched a series of trials against Yunus.[124] The former put the latter on trial in 2010 and ultimately removed him fromGrameen Bank,[125] citing his age.[126] The government launched the first trial against Yunus in December 2010, alleging that in 1996 he had transferred approximately $100 million to a sister company of Grameen Bank. Yunus denied[127] the allegations and he was found innocent by the Norwegian government.[128] In 2013, he was tried a second time, because he had supposedly received earnings without the necessary government permission, including his Nobel Peace Prize earnings and royalties from his book sales.[129] The series of trials against Yunus[130] puzzled figures worldwide, from the 8.3 million underprivileged women served by Grameen Bank to U.S. PresidentBarack Obama.[131][132]
On 27 January 2011, Yunus appeared in court in afood-adulteration case filed by theDhaka City Corporation (DCC) Food Safety Court, accusing him of producing an "adulterated" yogurt[133] whose fat content was below the legal minimum. This yogurt is produced byGrameen Danone, asocial business joint venture between Grameen Bank andDanone that aims to provide opportunities for street vendors who sell the yogurt and to improve child nutrition with the nutrient-fortified yogurt. According to Yunus' lawyer, the allegations are "false and baseless".[134]
On 1 January 2024, a court in Bangladesh sentenced Yunus to a six-month prison term, along with three employees fromGrameen Telecom for labor law violations. However, the court granted bail pending appeals.[135]Amnesty International declared Yunus's conviction a "blatant abuse" of the justice system.[136] The conviction was overturned on 7 August 2024 following an appeal.[137][138] He was acquitted in a graft case filed by theAnti-Corruption Commission (ACC) just four days after getting acquittal for the labour violations case.[139][140]
Political motivations behind the allegations
In December 2010, Grameen Bank was quickly cleared by the Norwegian government of all allegations surrounding misused or misappropriated funds.[104] Yet, in March 2011, the Bangladeshi government launched a three-month investigation of all Grameen Bank's activities.[104] This inquiry prevented Muhammad Yunus from participating in theWorld Economic Forum.[141]
In January 2011, Yunus appeared in court in a defamation case filed by a local politician from a minor left-leaning party in 2007, complaining about a statement that Yunus made to theAFP news agency, "Politicians in Bangladesh only work for power. There is no ideology here".[142] At the hearing, Yunus was grantedbail and exempted from personal appearance at subsequent hearings.[99]
These investigations fueled suspicion that many attacks might bepolitically motivated,[143] due to difficult relations betweenSheikh Hasina and Yunus since early 2007, when Yunus created his own political party, an effort he dropped in May 2007.[64] In 2013, he faced a state-backed smear campaign that accused him of being un-Islamic and promoting homosexuality, after he signed a joint statement criticising theprosecution of gay people in Uganda in 2012 with three other nobel laureates.[144][145]
Criticism over government privileges (2024–2025)
Following his appointment as chief adviser, Yunus faced criticism after several Grameen-affiliated institutions received government approvals and benefits. These included approval for Grameen University, tax waivers and a reduction in government shareholding inGrameen Bank, and licenses for manpower export and a digital wallet. The dismissal of labor law violation and money laundering cases against him during this period also raised concerns from some quarters regarding transparency and conflicts of interest.[146][147]
Yunus's brotherMuhammad Ibrahim is a former professor of physics at theUniversity of Dhaka and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science (CMES), which brings science education to adolescent girls in villages.[156] His other brother Muhammad Jahangir (d. 2019) was a television presenter and a social activist in Bangladesh.[157]
Yunus was awarded the 2006Nobel Peace Prize, along with Grameen Bank, for their efforts to create economic and social development:
Muhammad Yunus has shown himself to be a leader who has managed to translate visions into practical action for the benefit of millions of people, not only in Bangladesh, but also in many other countries. Loans to poor people without any financial security had appeared to be an impossible idea. From modest beginnings three decades ago, Yunus has, first and foremost through Grameen Bank, developed micro-credit into an ever more important instrument in the struggle against poverty.
Barack Obama speaks to Stephen Hawking and on the left Yunus
Yunus was the first Bangladeshi to ever get a Nobel Prize. He establishedGrameen Bank in 1983, which plays a significant role in poverty alleviation in various countries of the world includingBangladesh. In 2006, he and theGrameen Bank he founded jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize.[159] After receiving the news of the important award, Yunus announced that he would use part of his share of the $1.4 million (equivalent to $2.18 million in 2024) award money to create acompany to make low-cost, high-nutrition food for the poor; while the rest would go towards establishing the Yunus Science and Technology University in his home district as well as setting up an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh.[160]
Former U.S. presidentBill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Yunus. He expressed this inRolling Stone magazine[161] as well as in his autobiographyMy Life.[162] In a speech given atUniversity of California, Berkeley in 2002, President Clinton described Yunus as "a man who long ago should have won the Nobel Prize [in Economics and] I'll keep saying that until they finally give it to him."[163] Conversely,The Economist stated explicitly that while Yunus was doing excellent work to fight poverty, it was not appropriate to award him the Peace Prize, stating: "... the Nobel committee could have made a braver, more difficult, choice by declaring that there would be no recipient at all."[164]
Yunus was named byFortune Magazine in March 2012 as one of 12 greatest entrepreneurs of the current era.[175] In its citation, Fortune Magazine said "Yunus' idea inspired countless numbers of young people to devote themselves to social causes all over the world."[176]
In January 2008,Houston, Texas declared 14 January as "Muhammad Yunus Day".[177]
Yunus was named among the most desired thinkers the world should listen to by the FP 100 (world's most influential elite) in the December 2009 issue ofForeign Policy magazine.[178]
In 2010, the British magazineNew Statesman listed Yunus at 40th in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".[179]
Muhammad Yunus in Switzerland (1995).
Yunus received 72 honorary doctorate degrees from universities from Albania, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, China, Greece, India, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[180] United Nations Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon invited Yunus to serve as an MDG Advocate. Yunus sits on the Board ofUnited Nations Foundation,Schwab Foundation,Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Grameen Credit Agricole Microcredit Foundation. He has been a member ofFondation Chirac's honour committee,[181] ever since the foundation was launched in 2008 by former French presidentJacques Chirac in order to promote world peace.[182]
He has played a key advisory role in theParis 2024 Olympics, promoting social business principles and encouraging sustainable, socially responsible projects. His influence led to initiatives like prioritizing social businesses in public tenders and integrating social housing into theathletes' village redevelopment.[190]
Works
Publications
Yunus, Muhammad (1974).Three Farmers of Jobra. Department of Economics, Chittagong University.[191]
—— (2007).Creating a World without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism. New York: PublicAffairs.ISBN978-1-58648-493-4.
—— (2010).Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism that Serves Humanity's Most Pressing Needs. New York: Public Affairs.ISBN978-1-58648-824-6.
Yunus, Muhammad,Moingeon, Bertrand and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (2010), "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience", April–June, vol 43, number 2–3, Long Range Planning, pp. 308–325[195]
—— (2017).A World of Three Zeroes: the new economics of zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero carbon emissions. Scribe Publications.[196]
^"About Grameenphone". Grameenphone. 16 November 2006. Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved22 August 2007.Grameenphone is now the leading telecommunications service provider in the country with more than 10 million subscribers as of November 2006.
^"Village Phone".About Grameenphone. Grameenphone. 2006. Archived fromthe original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved22 August 2007.
^Mustafa, Sabir (5 April 2007)."Bangladesh at a crossroads".BBC News.Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved18 August 2007.At first glance, the current state of Bangladesh appears to be a paradox: a country under a state of emergency, but where the general public seem quite content.
^Vikas Bajaj (13 November 2013)."A Hostile Bank Takeover".Taking Note. The New York Times.Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved6 August 2016.
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