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2,066 delegates (1,861 pledged and 205 unpledged) to theRepublican National Convention 1,034 (majority) votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Republican primary results. Red denotes a Bush win. Yellow denotes a McCain win. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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From January 24 to June 6, 2000, voters of theRepublican Party chose its nominee forpresident in the2000 United States presidential election.Texas GovernorGeorge W. Bush was selected as the nominee through a series ofprimary elections andcaucuses culminating in the2000 Republican National Convention held from July 31 to August 3, 2000, inPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania.
The primary contest began with a fairly wide field, as the Republicans lacked an incumbent president or vice president.George W. Bush,Governor of Texas and son ofGeorge H. W. Bush, the most recent Republican president, took an early lead, with the support of much of the party establishment as well as a strong fund-raising effort. Former cabinet memberGeorge Shultz played an important early role in securing Republican support for Bush. In April 1998, he invited Bush to discuss policy issues with experts includingMichael Boskin,John Taylor, andCondoleezza Rice. The group, which was "looking for a candidate for 2000 with good political instincts, someone they could work with," was impressed, and Shultz encouraged Bush to enter the race.[1] Due in part to establishment backing, Bush dominated in early polling and fundraising figures. Despite stumbling in early primary debates, he easily won theIowa caucuses, defeating his nearest opponent,Steve Forbes, by a margin of 41% to 31%.
Considered adark horse, U.S. SenatorJohn McCain ofArizona won 48% of the vote to Bush's 30% in the first-in-the-nationNew Hampshire primary, givinghis campaign a boost of energy and donations.Durham, New Hampshire was the site of an early debate between the Republican candidates.
Then, the main primary season came down to a race between Bush and McCain. McCain's campaign, centered oncampaign finance reform, drew positive press coverage and a fair amount of public excitement, with polls giving the senator superior crossover support from independents and Democrats. With Vice President Gore easily locking up the Democratic nomination, many moderate and center-left voters felt compelled to make their voice heard in the still-contested Republican contest.[2][3][4] Bush's campaign dealt with "compassionate conservatism," including a greater role for the federal government in education, subsidies for private charitable programs, and large reductions in income and capital gains taxes.
The next primary contest inSouth Carolina was notorious for its negative tone. Although the Bush campaign said it was not behind any attacks on McCain, locals supporting Bush reportedly handed out fliers and made telephone calls to prospective voters suggesting among other things, unsubstantiated claims that McCain was a "Manchurian candidate" and that he had fathered a child out of wedlock with a black New York-based prostitute (an incorrect reference to Bridget McCain, a child he and his wife had adopted from Bangladesh). Bush also drew fire for a speech made atBob Jones University, a school that still bannedinterracial dating among its students.[5] But the governor was seen to have the upper hand in a debate hosted byLarry King Live, and he won in South Carolina by nine points. McCain won primaries inMichigan, his home state of Arizona, and the remaining New England states except for Maine, but faced difficulty in appealing to conservative Republican primary voters. This was particularly true in Michigan, where despite winning the primary, McCain lost the GOP vote to Bush by a wide margin.[6] McCain also competed in the Virginia primary, counting on continued crossover support[7] by giving a speech calling outPat Robertson andJerry Falwell, both leaders of theChristian right, for intolerance.[8] Bush won Virginia easily in spite of this campaign tactic. Bush's subsequentSuper Tuesday victories in California,New York and the South made it nearly impossible, mathematically, for McCain to catch up, and he suspended his campaign the next day.
Other candidates includedsocial conservative activistGary Bauer, businessmanSteve Forbes,Utah SenatorOrrin Hatch, formerECOSOC Ambassador andAssistant Secretary of State for International Organization AffairsAlan Keyes, formerTennessee GovernorLamar Alexander, formerRed Cross director and cabinet memberElizabeth Dole,Ohio CongressmanJohn Kasich, and former Vice PresidentDan Quayle. Bauer and Hatch campaigned on a traditional Republican platform of opposition to legalized abortion and reductions intaxes. Keyes had a far more conservative platform, calling for the elimination of all federal taxes excepttariffs. Keyes also called for returning to ban homosexuals in the military, while most GOP candidates supported the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Keyes continued participating in the campaign for nearly all the primaries and continued to appear in the debates with frontrunners McCain and Bush. As in 1996, Forbes campaigned on making the federal income tax non-graduated, an idea he called theflat tax, although he increased his focus on social conservatives in 2000. Although Forbes (who won a few states' primary contests in the1996 primaries) came a close second to Bush in theIowa caucuses and even tied with him in theAlaska caucuses, he nor any of these other candidates won a primary.
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Campaign Withdrawal date | Popular vote | Contests won | Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| George W. Bush | .jpg) | Governor of Texas (1995–2000) |  Texas |  (Campaign •Positions) Secured nomination:March 14, 2000 | 12,034,676 (62.00%) | 44 | Dick Cheney |  | |
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Campaign Withdrawal date | Popular vote | Contests won | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alan Keyes | .jpg) | Asst. Secretary of State (1985–1987) |  Maryland |  (Campaign) | 985,819 (5.1%) | 0 |
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Candidacy | Popular vote | Contests won | Date Campaign Suspended | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John McCain | .jpg) | U.S. Senator fromArizona (1987–2018) |  Arizona |  (Campaign) | 6,061,332 (31.23%) | 7 AZ, CT, MA, MI, NH, RI, VT | March 9, 2000 |
| Steve Forbes |  | Publisher and editor-in-chief ofForbes magazine (1990–) |  New Jersey |  (Campaign) | 171,860 (0.89%) | 0 | February 10, 2000 |
| Gary Bauer | .jpg) | FormerUndersecretary of Education (1985–1987) |  |  | <.05% | 0 | February 16, 2000 |
| Orrin Hatch | .jpg) | U.S. Senator fromUtah (1977–2019) |  |  | <.05% | 0 | January 27, 2000 |
| Candidate | Most recent office | Home state | Candidacy | Date Campaign Suspended | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamar Alexander | .jpg) | United States Secretary of Education (1991 - 1993) |  |  | August 16, 1999 |
| Pat Buchanan |  | Conservative Commentator and 1992 Presidential Candidate |  |  | October 25, 1999(to run for the Reform Party nomination) |
| Herman Cain |  | Businessman |  | (logo from 2012 campaign) | |
| Elizabeth Dole |  | U.S.Secretary of Labor (1989-1990) |  |  | October 1999 |
| John Kasich |  | U.S. Representative fromOhio (1979 - 2001) |  | .jpg) | July 14, 1999 |
| Dan Quayle | .jpg) | U.S. Vice President (1989 - 1993) | |  | September 28, 1999 |
| Bob Smith |  | U.S. Senator fromNew Hampshire (1990 - 2003) |  |  | July 1999 (to run with a third party)[9] |
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| Source | Date | George W. Bush | John McCain | Steve Forbes | Elizabeth Dole | Dan Quayle | Pat Buchanan | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallup | Sep. 6–7, 1997 | 22% | – | 9% | – | 10% | 5% | 41%[A] |
| Gallup | May 8–10, 1998 | 30% | 4% | 7% | 14% | 9% | 3% | 19%[B] |
| Gallup | Oct. 23–25, 1998 | 39% | – | 7% | 17% | 12% | – | 16%[C] |
| Gallup | Jan. 8–10, 1999 | 42% | 8% | 5% | 22% | 6% | – | 9%[D] |
| Gallup | Mar. 12–14, 1999 | 52% | 3% | 1% | 20% | 9% | 4% | 7%[E] |
| Gallup | Apr. 13–14, 1999 | 53% | 5% | 6% | 16% | 7% | 4% | 4%[F] |
| Gallup | Apr. 30 – May 2, 1999 | 42% | 4% | 6% | 24% | 6% | 5% | 7%[G] |
| Gallup | May 23–24, 1999 | 46% | 6% | 5% | 18% | 7% | 6% | 7%[H] |
| Gallup | Jun. 4–5, 1999 | 46% | 5% | 5% | 14% | 9% | 6% | 6%[I] |
| Gallup | Jun. 25–27, 1999 | 59% | 5% | 6% | 8% | 6% | 3% | 10%[J] |
| Gallup | Aug. 16–18, 1999 | 61% | 5% | 4% | 13% | 6% | 3% | 4%[K] |
| Gallup | Sep. 10–14, 1999 | 62% | 5% | 5% | 10% | 5% | 3% | 5%[L] |
| Gallup | Oct. 8–10, 1999 | 60% | 8% | 4% | 11% | – | 3% | 13%[M] |
| Gallup | Oct. 21–24, 1999 | 68% | 11% | 8% | – | – | – | 6%[N] |
| Gallup | Nov. 4–7, 1999 | 68% | 12% | 6% | – | – | – | 6%[O] |
| Gallup | Nov. 18–21, 1999 | 63% | 16% | 6% | – | – | – | 9%[P] |
| Gallup | Dec. 9–12, 1999 | 64% | 18% | 7% | – | – | – | 8%[Q] |
| Gallup | Dec. 20–21, 1999 | 60% | 17% | 9% | – | – | – | 7%[R] |
| Gallup | Jan. 7–10, 2000 | 63% | 18% | 5% | – | – | – | 5%[S] |
| Gallup | Jan. 13–16, 2000 | 61% | 22% | 5% | – | – | – | 6%[T] |
| Gallup | Jan. 17–19, 2000 | 63% | 19% | 6% | – | – | – | 4%[U] |
| Gallup | Jan. 25–26, 2000 | 65% | 15% | 7% | – | – | – | 6%[V] |
| Gallup | Feb. 4–6, 2000 | 56% | 34% | 2% | – | – | – | 3%[W] |
| Gallup | Feb. 14–15, 2000 | 58% | 31% | – | – | – | – | 3%[X] |
| Gallup | Feb. 20–21, 2000 | 58% | 31% | – | – | – | – | 3%[Y] |
| Gallup | Feb. 25–27, 2000 | 57% | 33% | – | – | – | – | 4%[Z] |
| Date | Pledged delegates | State | George W. Bush | John McCain | Alan Keyes | Steve Forbes | Gary Bauer | Orrin Hatch | Uncommitted/Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 24 | 0 | Alaska (caucus) | 1,571 36.28% | 412 9.52% | 411 9.49% | 1,566 36.17% | 207 4.78% | 163 3.76% | - |
| 0 | Iowa (caucus) | 35,384 41.01% | 4,053 4.67% | 12,329 14.25% | 26,338 30.51% | 7,367 8.54% | 888 1.02% | - | |
| February 1 | 17 | New Hampshire (primary) | 72,330 30.36% 5 Del. | 115,606 48.53% | 15,179 6.37% | 30,166 12.66% | 1,640 0.69% | 163 0.07% | 3,122 1.31% |
| February 7 – 13 | 0 | Hawaii (caucus) | - | - | - | - | - | - | ~800 (100.00%) |
| February 8 | 12 | Delaware (primary) | 15,250 50.73% | 7,638 25.41% | 1,148 3.82% | 5,883 19.57% | 120 0.40% | 21 0.07% | - |
| February 19 | 37 | South Carolina (primary) | 305,998 53.39% | 239,964 41.87% | 25,996 4.54% | 449 0.08% | 618 0.11% | 76 0.01% | - |
| February 22 (88) | 30 | Arizona (primary) | 115,115 35.68% | 193,708 60.03% | 11,500 3.56% | 1,211 0.38% | 177 0.05% | 637 0.20% | 322 (0.10%) |
| 58 | Michigan (primary) | 549,665 43.05% | 605,805 50.97% | 59,036 4.62% | 4,894 0.38% | 2,733 0.21% | 905 0.07% | 8,736 0.68% | |
| Feb 23 –Mar 21 | 0 | Nevada (caucus) | - | - | - | - | - | - | ? ?% |
| February 26 | 4 | American Samoa (caucus) | ? ?% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 4 | Guam (caucus) | ? ?% | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 4 | Virgin Islands (caucus) | ? ?% | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| February 27 | 14 | Puerto Rico (primary) | 87,375 94.21% | 4,903 5.29% | 49 0.05% | 210 0.23% | 34 0.04% | – | 178 0.19% |
| February 29 | 56 | Virginia (primary) | 350,588 52.79% | 291,488 43.89% | 20,356 3.07% | 809 0.12% | 852 0.13% | – | - |
| 12 | Washington (primary) | 284,053 57.84% | 191,101 38.91% | 11,753 2.39% | 1,749 0.36% | 1,469 0.30% | 1,023 0.21% | - | |
| 19 | North Dakota (caucus) | 6,865 75.72% 14 Del. | 1,717 18.94% 4 Del. | 481 5.31% 1 Del. | – | – | - | 3 0.03% | |
| March 7 | 162 | California (primary) | 1,725,162 60.58% | 988,706 34.72% | 112,747 3.96% | 8,449 0.30% | 6,860 0.24% | 5,997 0.21% | - |
| 25 | Connecticut (primary) | 82,881 46.28% | 87,176 48.74% | 5,913 3.30% | 1,242 0.69% | 373 0.21% | 178 0.10% | 1,222 0.67% | |
| 54 | Georgia (primary) | 430,480 66.93% | 179,046 27.84% | 29,640 4.61% | 1,647 0.26% | 1,962 0.31% | 413 0.06% | - | |
| 14 | Maine (primary) | 49,308 51.03% | 42,510 44.00% | 2,989 3.09% | 455 0.47% | 324 0.34% | - | 1,038 1.07% | |
| 31 | Maryland (primary) | 211,439 56.23% | 135,981 36.16% | 25,020 6.65% | 1,678 0.45% | 1,328 0.35% | 588 0.16% | - | |
| 37 | Massachusetts (primary) | 159,534 31.78% | 324,708 64.69% | 12,630 2.52% | 1,407 0.28% | 1,744 0.35% | 262 0.05% | 1,658 0.33% | |
| 0 | Minnesota (caucus) | 11,531 62.67% | 3,209 17.44% | 3,661 19.90% | – | – | - | – | |
| 35 | Missouri (primary) | 275,366 57.93% | 167,831 35.31% | 27,282 5.74% | 2,044 0.43% | 1,038 0.22% | 363 0.08% | 1,439 0.28% | |
| 93 | New York (primary) | 1,102,850 50.30% | 937,655 43.50% | 71,196 3.60% | 49,817 2.60% | – | - | - | |
| 69 | Ohio (primary) | 810,369 57.99% | 516,790 36.98% | 55,266 3.95% | 8,934 0.64% | 6,169 0.44% | – | - | |
| 14 | Rhode Island (primary) | 13,170 36.43% | 21,754 60.18% | 923 2.55% | 89 0.25% | 35 0.10% | 35 0.10% | 114 0.32% | |
| 12 | Vermont (primary) | 28,741 35.33% | 49,045 60.29% | 2,164 2.66% | 616 0.76% | 293 0.36% | – | 496 0.61% | |
| 18 | Washington (caucus) | 1,256 82.15% 18 Del. | 197 12.88% | 76 4.97% | – | – | - | – | |
| March 10 | 12 | Wyoming (county conventions) | 77.62% | 10.29% | 11.66% | – | – | - | - 12 Del. |
| 40 | Colorado (primary) | 116,897 64.71% | 48,996 27.12% | 11,871 6.57% | 1,197 0.66% | 1,190 0.66% | 504 0.28% | - | |
| 29 | Utah (primary) | 57,617 63.28% | 12,784 14.04% | 19,367 21.27% | 859 0.94% | 426 0.47% | - | – | |
| March 14 | 80 | Florida (primary) | 516,161 73.80% | 139,397 19.94% | 32,343 4.63% | 6,522 0.94% | 3,493 0.50% | 1,371` 0.20% | - |
| 29 | Louisiana (primary) | 86,038 83.60% | 9,166 8.91% | 5,900 5.73% | 1,041 1.01% | 768 0.75% | - | – | |
| 33 | Mississippi (primary) | 101,042 87.88% | 6,263 5.45% | 6,478 5.63% | 588 0.51% | 475 0.41% | 133 0.12% | - | |
| 38 | Oklahoma (primary) | 98,781 79.15% | 12,973 10.39% | 11,595 9.29% | 1,066 0.85% | 394 0.32% | – | - | |
| 37 | Tennessee (primary) | 193,166 77.02% | 36,436 14.53% | 16,916 6.75% | 1,018 0.41% | 1,305 0.52% | 252 0.10% | 0.68% | |
| 124 | Texas (primary) | 986,416 87.54% | 80,082 7.11% | 43,516 3.86% | 2,865 0.25% | 2,189 0.19% | 1,329 0.12% | 10,363 0.92% | |
| March 21 | 64 | Illinois (primary) | 496,646 67.40% | 158,752 21.54% | 66,057 8.97% | 10,334 1.40% | 5,068 0.69% | – | - |
| April 4 | 68 | Pennsylvania (primary) | 472,398 72.46% | 145,719 22.66% | - | 16,162 2.51% | 8,806 1.35% | – | - 68 Del. |
| 37 | Wisconsin (primary) | 343,292 69.24% | 89,684 18.09% | 48,919 9.87% | 5,505 1.11% | 1,813 0.37% | 1,712 0.35% | 1,392 0.98% | |
| April 29 - May 13 | 24 | Minnesota (district conventions) | 24 Del. | ||||||
| May 2 | 30 | Indiana (primary) | 330,095 81.17% | 76,569 18.83% | – | – | – | - | - |
| 62 | North Carolina (primary) | 253,485 78.60% | 35,018 10.86% | 25,320 7.85% | – | 3,311 1.03% | - | 3,583 1.67% | |
| 15 | Washington, D.C. (primary) | 1,771 72.79% | 593 24.37% | – | – | – | - | 69 2.84% | |
| May 5 | 14 | Hawaii (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14 Del. |
| May 6 | 10 | Wyoming (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 Del. |
| May 9 | 9 | Nebraska (primary) | 145,176 78.15% | 28,065 15.11% | 12,073 6.50% | – | – | - | 444 0.24% |
| 18 | West Virginia (primary) | 87,050 79.57% | 14,121 12.91% | 5,210 4.76% | 1,733 1.58% | 1,290 1.18% | – | - | |
| May 16 | 24 | Oregon (primary) | 292,522 83.62% | – | 46,754 13.37% | – | – | - | 10,545 3.01% |
| May 19 | 23 | Alaska (state convention) | 19 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | Pennsylvania (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 Del. | |
| May 20 - June 3 | 18 | Kentucky (congressional district conventions) | 18 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| May 23 | 24 | Arkansas (primary) | 35,759 80.23% | 8,814 19.77% | – | – | - | – | |
| 22 | Idaho (primary) | 116,385 73.45% | – | 30,263 19.10%4 Del. | – | – | - | 11,798 7.45% | |
| 0 | Kentucky (primary) | 75,783 82.98% | 5,780 6.33% | 4,337 4.75% | 1,829 1.30% | 2,408 2.64% | – | 1,186 1.00% | |
| May 25 | 35 | Kansas (state convention) | 35 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 17 | Nevada (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17 Del. | |
| May 30 | 8 | New York (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 Del. |
| June 6 | 44 | Alabama (primary) | 171,077 84.24% | – | 23,394 11.52% | – | – | - | 8,606 4.24% |
| 25 | Indiana (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25 Del. | |
| 23 | Montana (primary) | 89,122 77.59% | – | 20,822 18.32% | – | – | - | 4,655 4.10% | |
| 54 | New Jersey (primary) | 201,209 83.56% | 39,601 16.44% | – | – | – | - | – | |
| 21 | New Mexico (primary) | 62,161 82.63% | 7,619 10.13% | 4,850 6.45% | – | – | - | 600 0.80% | |
| 22 | South Dakota (primary) | 35,418 78.22% | 6,228 13.75% | 3,478 7.68% | – | – | - | 155 0.34% | |
| June 9 | 10 | Minnesota (state convention) | 10 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| June 9 - 10 | 25 | Iowa (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25 Del. |
| June 10 | 13 | Kentucky (state convention) | 13 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| June 16 - 17 | 10 | Illinois (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 Del. |
| 7 | Washington (state convention) | 7 Del. | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| June 23 - 24 | 6 | Idaho (state convention) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 Del. |
| Total 2,066 pledged delegates19,519,539 votes | 1,601 | 243 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 205 | ||
Popular vote result:[11]
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Note: Some of the endorsers switched positions.
George W. Bush
John McCain
Steve Forbes
Alan Keyes
Orrin Hatch
Lamar Alexander
Dan Quayle
John Kasich
It's an open primary, meaning Democrats and independents also may vote. McCain campaign officials say that gives their candidate the same advantage that earned McCain an upset victory in Michigan on Tuesday.
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