World population more than doubled over the course of the millennium, from about an estimated 50–100 million to an estimated 170–300 million.Close to 90% of world population at the end of the first millennium BC lived in the Iron Age civilizations of the Old World (Roman Empire,Parthian Empire,Graeco-Indo-Scythian andHindu kingdoms,Han China). The population of the Americas was below 20 million, concentrated inMesoamerica (Epi-Olmec culture);that ofSub-Saharan Africa was likely below 10 million. The population of Oceania was likely less than one million people.[2]
Sub-Saharan Africa West:Nok Culture slowly diffuse discernible ceramic sculpting, iron metallurgy and cereal farming cultures through theNiger Delta region, though debatable possible settling period and or foundation of protoIle-Ife
Scythian gold plaque with panther (late 7th century BC)TheParthenon,Athens (5th century BC)TheVictorious Youth (c. 310 BC), a preserved bronze statue of a Greek athlete inContrapposto pose"The Wrestler", anOlmec era statuette, dated roughly 1400–400 BCLamassu facing forward. Bas-relief from the kingSargon II's palace at Dur Sharrukin inAssyria (now Khorsabad in Iraq), c. 713–716 BC. From Paul-Émile Botta's excavations in 1843–1844.
^abKlein Goldewijk, K., A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73–86.doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x (pbl.nl).Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of AD 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high).Out of the estimated 188M, 116M are estimated for Asia (East, South/Southeast and Central Asia, excluding Western Asia),44M for Europe and the Near East, 15M for Africa (including Egypt and Roman North Africa), 12M for Mesoamerica and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million.Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes",Population 34-1 (1979), 13–25 (p. 22) estimates c. 100 million at 1200 BC and c. 250 million at AD 1.[1]
^abcdefg"Who Built it First".Ancient Discoveries. A&E Television Networks. 2008.Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved2009-07-24.
Temple, Robert (1986).The Genius of China: 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. New York: Simon and Schuster. Based on the works ofJoseph Needham
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