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| Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
|---|---|
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 Meeting at theHouse of the National Assembly | |
| Host country | Yugoslavia |
| Date | 1–6 September 1961 |
| Cities | Belgrade |
| Venues | House of the National Assembly |
| Participants |  Afghanistan
 Yugoslavia |
| Chair | Josip Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia) |
| Follows | Bandung Conference[citation needed] |
| Precedes | 2nd Summit (Cairo,United Arab Republic) |
Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement (Serbo-Croatian:Конференција шефова држава или влада несврстаних земаља /Konferencija šefova država ili vlada nesvrstanih zemalja,Macedonian:Конференција на шефови на држави или влади на неврзани земји,Slovene:Konferenca voditeljev držav ali vlad neuvrščenih držav) on 1–6 September 1961 inBelgrade,Yugoslavia was the first conference of theNon-Aligned Movement.[1] A major contributing factor to the organization of the conference was the process ofdecolonization of a number ofAfrican countries in the 1960s.[1] Some therefore called it the ″Third World's Yalta″ in reference to 1945Yalta Conference.[1]
Twenty-five countries in total participated in Belgrade Conference, while 3 countries,Bolivia,Brazil andEcuador, were observers.[2] Thepreparatory meeting of Non-Aligned Countries took place earlier that year inCairo June 5–12, 1961.[3] One of the issues was division of the newly independent countries over theCongo Crisis which led to a rift and creation of the conservative and anti-radicalBrazzaville Group and radical nationalistCasablanca Group.[1] All members of the Casablanca Group attended the conference, includingAlgeria,Ghana,Guinea,Mali,Morocco and theUnited Arab Republic, while none of the Brazzaville Group was present.[1] The summit was followed by the2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement inCairo in 1964. The 1962 Cairo Conference on the Problems of Developing Countries was a direct follow-up of the Belgrade Summit at whichBrazil,Ethiopia,India,Senegal and Yugoslavia will work on preparation for the upcomingUNCTAD conference of theECOSOC.[4]
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Brijuni Islands, an archipelago in theSocialist Republic of Croatia, were initially considered to host the summit after they hosted theBrioni Meeting of 1956, yet the City of Belgrade was ultimately selected due to Brijuni's insufficient venues and concentration of the international communication and media facilities in the capital city of Yugoslavia.[5]
Vladimir Popović was the head of the Yugoslav State Committee for the Preparation of the Conference. The conference brought together 25 independent states. In addition to them, there were three states that had observer status, eleven socialist parties, trade unions fromJapan and four other organizations. Socio-economic differences between participants were great and from the beginning participating states often showed different interests. Yugoslavia attached special importance toLatin American countries participation. The participation of these countries, along with the representatives of Europe, should have given the conference the character of a gathering where all parts of the world are represented, and avoid reduction to Afro-Asian meeting as it was case with some meetings before.
President Tito only partially succeeded bringing together all parts of the world to the conference. From Latin America, only Cuba was a full participant, whileBolivia,Brazil andEcuador had observer status. The reason for that was the inability of these states to resist some pressure from theUnited States which wanted to preserve its role in theWestern Hemisphere. The representatives of Yugoslavia were especially disappointed withMexico's last minute cancelation. Of the European countries, onlyCyprus and Yugoslavia as a host participated in the meeting.
The conference was followed by 1,016 journalists of which 690 were from abroad from 53 countries and with theNew York Times'Paul Hofmann describing the event as a "paradise for cameramen".[6] Together, four Indian newspapers (The Times of India,The Hindu Madras,Indian Express andThe Patriot) and four American newspapers (The New York Times,The Washington Post,Los Angeles Times andThe Christian Science Monitor) published 177,265 words about the conference in 7 days before, during and 7 days after the conference.[6]
Mohammed Daoud Khan,Prime Minister of Afghanistan
Benyoucef Benkhedda,Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
U Nu,Prime Minister of Burma
Norodom Sihanouk,Chief of State of Cambodia
Sirimavo Bandaranaike,Prime Minister of Ceylon
Cyrille Adoula,Prime minister ofCongo-Léopoldville,Antoine Gizenga, Deputy Prime Minister, andJustin Bomboko,Minister of Foreign Affairs (Delegation ofCongo-Léopoldville arrived in Belgrade on 4 September and took part only in the last two days of the Summit[7])
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado,President of Cuba
Makarios III,President of Cyprus
Haile Selassie,Emperor of Ethiopia
Kwame Nkrumah,President of Ghana
Louis Lansana Beavogui,Foreign Minister of Guinea
Jawaharlal Nehru,Prime Minister of India
Sukarno,President of Indonesia
Hashem Jawad,Foreign Minister of Iraq
Saeb Salam,Prime Minister of Lebanon
Modibo Keïta,President of Mali
Hassan II,King of Morocco
Mahendra,King of Nepal
Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel,Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia
Aden Adde,President of Somalia
Ibrahim Abboud,President of Sudan
Habib Bourguiba,President of Tunisia
Gamal Abdel Nasser,President of the United Arab Republic
PrinceSeif el Islam el Hassan, Permanent representative of theKingdom of Yemen in the United NationsJosip Broz Tito,President of Yugoslavia
José Fellman,Minister of Education of Bolivia andJorge Gutierrez Allendrebe,minister plenipotentiary
Franco Filho de Mello, Brazilian Ambassador to Switzerland
Jose Joaquin Silva, Ecuadorian Ambassador to West GermanyNon-Aligned Movement Summits | |||||||||||||||||||
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