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1998 Hackney London Borough Council election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Local election in England

1998 Hackney London Borough Council elections

← 19947 May 1998 (1998-05-07)2002 →

All 60 seats up for election to
Hackney London Borough Council
31 seats needed for a majority
Registered116,157[1]
Turnout40,385, 34.77% (Decrease 3.47)[1]
 First partySecond party
 BlankBlank
PartyLabourLiberal Democrats
Last election44 seats, 56.37%10 seats, 19.15%
Seats before24[n 1]17[n 2]
Seats won2917
Seat changeDecrease 15Increase 7
Popular vote43,54127,307
Percentage48.33%28.33%
SwingDecrease 12.29Increase 8.49

 Third partyFourth party
 
PartyConservativeGreen
Last election6 seats, 22.16%0 seats, 2.16%
Seats before15[n 3]0
Seats won122
Seat changeIncrease 6Increase 2
Popular vote22,4474,320
Percentage22.73%4.37%
SwingIncrease 0.57Increase 2.21

Council control before election


No Overall Control

Council control after election


No Overall Control

The1998 Hackney London Borough Council election took place on 7 May 1998. All 60 members ofHackney London Borough Council were up for election. The elections took place as part of the 1998 London local elections.

Despite the losses, theLabour Party remained the largest party, but the council continued with no overall control. TheLiberal Democrats and theConservative Party both made gains.

TheLabour Party retained overall control of the council but saw a significant reduction in seats, losing 16 seats. TheLiberal Democrats and theConservatives made gains, with the Liberal Democrats increasing their seat count by 10 and the Conservatives by six.

Simultaneously,a referendum was held on whether there was support for establishing a Greater London Authority

The 1998 Hackney London Borough Council elections initially left the Labour Party without a working majority, holding 29 of the 60 available seats. Following a series of by-elections, Labour gained three additional seats, securing victories from both the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party, and thus achieving a working majority with 32 seats. The Liberal Democrats saw a reduction from 17 to 15 seats, while the Conservative Party increased their seats from 12 to 13, and the Green Party's representation decreased from 2 to 1 seat. This shift in council composition allowed Labour to establish stronger control over council decisions, including budgetary matters.

Background

[edit]

Prior to the 1998 election, Labour had effectively lost control of Hackney Council, with no single party holding a majority. The election was part of a broader set of local elections across London and the UK, where several councils experienced shifts in control.

Electoral fraud

[edit]

On 9 March 2001, two Hackney Borough Council councillors, Isaac Leibowitz, Conservative, and Zev Lieberman, Liberal Democrat were convicted of a major vote-rigging conspiracy related to the May 1998 local elections. They were found guilty of fraudulently adding names to the electoral roll to influence the election outcome in Hackney's Northwold ward.

The fraud involved registering fake voters, including using disused properties and misrepresenting addresses. It also included manipulating proxy votes. This led to a significant increase in proxy voting from 12 in 1994 to 241 in 1998, with a majority of the proxies voting for the Liberal Democrats.

Leibowitz and Lieberman were convicted of forgery and conspiracy to defraud. The scale of the fraud raised concerns about the integrity of the electoral process and the accuracy of the election results.[3]

Election result

[edit]

In the 1998 Hackney Council election, no single party gained overall control of the council. The result reflected a broader trend observed in other boroughs during the same election cycle, where several councils transitioned to no overall control.The outcome was consistent with changes observed in other boroughs, where Labour gained control of Harrow, Brent, Lambeth, and Waltham Forest from a state of no overall control. Labour lost control of Hillingdon, Islington, and Hackney, where they had previously held a majority or significant influence.

1998 Hackney London Borough Council local elections[4][5]
PartySeatsGainsLossesNet gain/lossSeats %Votes %Votes+/−
 Labour29015Decrease 1548.3344.0843,541Decrease 12.29
 Liberal Democrats1792Increase 728.3327.6427,307Increase 8.49
 Conservative1260Increase 620.0022.7322,447Increase 0.57
 Green220Increase 23.334.374,320Increase 2.21
 Socialist Labour000Steady0.000.60590New
 Socialist (GB)000Steady0.000.18179New
 BNP000Steady0.000.16154New
 Socialist Alliance/Communist Party000Steady0.000.13131New
 Communist000Steady0.000.0992Decrease 0.07
 Independent000Steady0.000.0222New
Total6098,783

Ward result

[edit]

(*) - Indicates an incumbent candidate

(†) - Indicates an incumbent candidate standing in a different ward

Brownswood

[edit]
Brownswood (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourPeter G. Kenyon*85556.83Decrease 18.86
LabourLinda Smith714
Liberal DemocratsJoyce Alexander23315.61New
GreenKlaus Graichen22616.37New
Liberal DemocratsMark N. Smulan198
ConservativeJoan Hillier15611.19Decrease 13.12
ConservativeIrene M. Lewington153
Registered electors5,013Increase 3
Turnout1,40528.03Decrease 5.20
Rejected ballots141.00Decrease 0.02
Labourhold
Labourhold

Chatham

[edit]
Chatham (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourIan Darbyshire92458.86Increase 4.00
LabourNaomi Russell893
LabourSally Mulready862
Liberal DemocratsMaryam Hafezji39625.33Decrease 0.96
Liberal DemocratsMenachem Beitél387
Liberal DemocratsMark B. Ukandu370
ConservativeElsie M. Baverstock1829.91Decrease 8.94
ConservativeStephen Giff145
ConservativeAlfred G. Suskin124
Socialist (GB)Paul Heron1095.90New
Socialist (GB)Christian Newby70
Registered electors5,576Decrease 129
Turnout1,67630.06Decrease 4.94
Rejected ballots241.43Increase 1.08
Labourhold
Labourhold
Labourhold

Clissold

[edit]
Clissold (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourLorraine Monk93741.08Decrease 17.21
LabourJohn M. Hudson916
Liberal DemocratsSylvia Anderson81432.48Increase 18.74
LabourBrian N. Marsh[n 4]776
Liberal DemocratsDavid Mackey669
Liberal DemocratsAbraham-Samuel Jacobson596
GreenIan B. Wingrove45721.42Increase 4.79
ConservativeJune R. Eaton1145.02Decrease 6.32
ConservativeDavid W. Balcombe111
ConservativeJohn A.W. Moir96
Registered electors5,992Decrease 273
Turnout2,04334.10Decrease 0.35
Rejected ballots200.98Increase 0.61
Labourhold
Labourhold
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour

Dalston

[edit]
Dalston (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsDavid A.J. Bentley*[n 5]1,05546.01Increase 24.87
Liberal DemocratsPhilip Pearson*[n 6]937
Liberal DemocratsMeral H. Ece[n 7]838
LabourFiona E. Alderton80938.07Decrease 22.22
LabourSamantha A. Lloyd770
LabourRichard Blanco763
GreenJack E. Easton23911.66New
ConservativeChristopher J. Ballingall1224.26Decrease 14.31
ConservativeDavid C. Harmer[n 8]72
ConservativeWinston G. Henry68
Registered electors5,401Increase 33
Turnout2,09438.77Increase 1.49
Rejected ballots120.57Increase 0.42
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour

De Beauvoir

[edit]
De Beauvoir (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeChristopher P. O'Leary*[n 9]99742.44Increase 6.75
LabourAndrew Windross94242.47Increase 2.66
LabourFrances E. Pearson929
LabourPeter J.I. Snell*[n 10]891
ConservativeJames A. Spencer886
ConservativeAlexander Ellis877
Liberal DemocratsJohn Bird40215.09Decrease 0.39
Liberal DemocratsIrene S. Fawkes316
Liberal DemocratsEdward Garber264
Registered electors5,921Decrease 209
Turnout2,33639.45Decrease 1.27
Rejected ballots90.39Increase 0.03
Conservativegain fromLabour
Labourhold
Labourhold

Eastdown

[edit]
Eastdown (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourPatrick Corrigan80350.77Decrease 31.31
LabourBharti Patel702
LabourStephen Sartain696
Liberal DemocratsLinda A. Hibberd*[n 11]66643.14New
Liberal DemocratsKenrick E. Hanson[n 12]610
Liberal DemocratsPaula Grainger594
ConservativeLilian Lonsdale1106.09Decrease 11.83
ConservativePeter Lonsdale82
ConservativePamela Y. Sills72
Registered electors5,135Decrease 792
Turnout1,62231.59Decrease 0.03
Rejected ballots271.66Increase 0.54
Labourhold
Labourhold
Labourhold

Haggerston

[edit]
Haggerston (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourWilliam G. Nicholson73145.10Decrease 10.15
LabourDavid Young668
Liberal DemocratsAnthony Goodchild[n 13]56133.82Decrease 4.50
Liberal DemocratsMark Pursey488
ConservativeAndrew Boff34821.08Increase 14.65
ConservativeBruce Spenser306
Registered electors4,240Increase 38
Turnout1,70840.28Decrease 5.13
Rejected ballots271.58Increase 1.27
Labourhold
Labourhold

Homerton

[edit]
Homerton (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourSharon R. Patrick*64149.40Decrease 14.74
LabourRobin J. Cornell545
Liberal DemocratsCelya A. Maxted[n 14]19415.99Decrease 0.32
Liberal DemocratsMelvin B.C. Minter190
GreenMichael C. Walsh17214.33Increase 3.91
Socialist LabourRobert W. Adams13911.58New
ConservativeJulia D. Cole1148.70Decrease 0.43
ConservativeMartin Summers95
Registered electors3,978Decrease 589
Turnout1,18729.84Decrease 4.06
Rejected ballots90.76Increase 0.44
Labourhold
Labourhold

Kings Park

[edit]
Kings Park (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourSimon B. Parkes*68085.35Increase 10.41
LabourMohammad S. Siddiqui*672
ConservativeHyman Kern13614.65Increase 3.94
ConservativeGiulio Rapaciulo96
Registered electors3,791Decrease 129
Turnout90723.93Decrease 9.69
Rejected ballots151.65Increase 1.50
Labourhold
Labourhold

Leabridge

[edit]
Leabridge (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourBonnie Miller92838.11Decrease 14.83
LabourAnthony H. Milton846
LabourAbdul G. Mulla757
ConservativeHeather Whitewall59026.53Increase 0.44
ConservativeFaruk Miah[n 15]587
ConservativeShuja Shaikh[n 16]585
GreenYesin Hussein29913.50Increase 2.07
Liberal DemocratsJeffrey Shenker[n 17]25511.52Increase 1.98
Socialist LabourPeter J. Morton22910.34New
Registered electors5,657Decrease 454
Turnout1,92434.01Decrease 3.94
Rejected ballots241.25Increase 0.86
Labourhold
Labourhold
Labourhold

Moorfields

[edit]
Moorfields (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDavid J. Candlin*[n 18]88764.69Increase 55.10
ConservativeLorraine C. Fahey*[n 19]830
LabourIan W. Blunt34924.68Decrease 4.01
LabourDylan Jeffery306
Liberal DemocratsJohn Henderson14610.63Decrease 51.10
Liberal DemocratsTat C. Kong136
Registered electors4,248Decrease 52
Turnout1,42833.62Decrease 4.38
Rejected ballots110.77Increase 0.34
Conservativegain fromLiberal Democrats
Conservativegain fromLiberal Democrats

New River

[edit]
New River (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeDavid J. Phillips*[n 20]1,34352.49Decrease 18.06
ConservativeJacob M. Grosskopf[n 21]1,267
ConservativeMaureen B. Middleton1,241
LabourMichael B. Desmond*94136.79Decrease 20.27
LabourRosa Gomez917
LabourJohn W. Small841
GreenCatherine S. Murphy26210.71New
Registered electors6,354Decrease 175
Turnout2,51339.55Decrease 2.91
Rejected ballots180.72Increase 0.36
Conservativegain fromLabour
Conservativegain fromLabour
Conservativegain fromLabour

North Defoe

[edit]
North Defoe (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
GreenYen C. Chong66150.08Increase 31.83
GreenPaul A. Carswell554
LabourJames E. Carswell45535.49Decrease 32.34
LabourJohn McCafferty[n 22]406
ConservativeAnn V. McGinley12510.14Decrease 3.78
ConservativeMichael J. Donoghue121
Socialist Alliance/ Communist PartyAnne Murphy524.29New
Registered electors3,484Decrease 137
Turnout1,28136.77Decrease 5.04
Rejected ballots110.86Increase 0.46
Greengain fromLabour
Greengain fromLabour

Northfield

[edit]
Northfield (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeMedlin Lewis*1,05854.19Increase 3.95
ConservativeBernard V. Peretz[n 23]1,048
ConservativeChristopher D. Sills*1,044
LabourVictoria L. Murco67933.63Decrease 7.03
LabourMichael I.G. Bartlet647
LabourSunday A. Owogumbu629
GreenLucy Sommers23612.18Increase 3.09
Registered electors5,237Decrease 461
Turnout1,93837.01Decrease 6.44
Rejected ballots130.67Increase 0.51
Conservativehold
Conservativehold
Conservativehold

Northwold

[edit]
Northwold (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsIan D. Sharer*[n 24]1,09844.12New
Liberal DemocratsShahid M. Ahchala1,073
Liberal DemocratsZev Lieberman1,019
LabourDaphne McAllister88734.17Decrease 26.69
LabourJoko N. Mafcoy810
LabourSafeer A. Shaikh774
GreenJulie A. Hathaway31613.11Decrease 3.88
ConservativeGordon Bell2278.60Decrease 13.54
ConservativeGrace Forsythe211
ConservativeLinda Hardy184
Registered electors5,702Decrease 204
Turnout2,43842.76Increase 7.00
Rejected ballots220.90Increase 0.28
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour

Queensbridge

[edit]
Queensbridge (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsMark Williams98347.83Decrease 11.01
LabourVernon E. Williams95945.54Decrease 8.21
Liberal DemocratsHettie V. Peters*[n 25]951
Liberal DemocratsAnthony S. Terrill881
LabourNihal U. Fernando870
LabourEmma M. Plouviez851
ConservativeDaphne U. Boyce1456.63Decrease 2.80
ConservativeWendy Fuller129
ConservativeMaureen Mgaza116
Registered electors5,507Decrease 1,222
Turnout2,18439.66Decrease 1.33
Rejected ballots140.64Increase 0.49
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour
Labourhold
Liberal Democratsgain fromLabour

Rectory

[edit]
Rectory (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourJessica K.M. Crowe82540.93Decrease 46.84
LabourIrfan S. Malik791
LabourLazarus M.C. Oleforo[n 26]610
Liberal DemocratsMahmood Bham49925.16New
Liberal DemocratsJeshuran Lamb*[n 27]458
Liberal DemocratsSteven Laing411
GreenDeborah M. Blackmore30917.05New
Socialist LabourGeoffrey Palmer1246.84New
ConservativeAhmed Mehter1235.66Decrease 6.57
ConservativeIan Leask97
ConservativeAsif Patel88
Socialist Alliance/ Communist PartyMark W. Fischer794.36New
Registered electors5,217Decrease 793
Turnout1,67632.13Decrease 0.63
Rejected ballots160.95Decrease 0.07
Labourhold
Labourhold
Labourhold

South Defoe

[edit]
South Defoe (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourIan C. Peacock47145.23Decrease 23.05
LabourJules Pipe*[n 28]458
GreenMischa A. Borris22621.32Increase 1.62
GreenJon George212
Liberal DemocratsPhilip G. Stark15613.78New
Liberal DemocratsKeith L. Sexton127
Socialist LabourJennifer Burnett989.54New
ConservativePaul Brenells827.98Decrease 4.03
IndependentMichael Vidal222.14New
Registered electors3,628Decrease 181
Turnout1,11530.73Decrease 3.06
Rejected ballots211.88Increase 1.41
Labourhold
Labourhold

Springfield

[edit]
Springfield (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
ConservativeHeinz J. Lobenstein1,40661.90Increase 8.47
ConservativeIsaac Leibowitz[n 29]1,330
ConservativeEric Ollerenshaw*1,323
LabourLinda A. Kelly79033.89Decrease 6.07
LabourDennis Sawyer728
LabourIan S. Thompson704
CommunistMonty Goldman924.21Decrease 2.40
Registered electors6,271Decrease 492
Turnout2,35737.59Decrease 5.72
Rejected ballots251.06Increase 0.68
Conservativehold
Conservativehold
Conservativehold

Victoria

[edit]
Victoria (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsHoward Hyman*1,04648.43Increase 0.08
Liberal DemocratsPatricia McGuiness994
Liberal DemocratsLindsay Montgomery980
LabourJason Cox96543.44Decrease 1.19
LabourGeoffrey Horn897
LabourFaizullah Khan847
ConservativeBarbara Campbell1225.00Decrease 2.02
ConservativePatricia Birgell109
ConservativeDoris E. Snelgrove81
BNPVictor J. Dooley653.13New
Registered electors6,366Decrease 640
Turnout2,26435.56Decrease 5.38
Rejected ballots180.80Increase 0.45
Liberal Democratshold
Liberal Democratshold
Liberal Democratshold

Wenlock

[edit]
Wenlock (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsKevin N. Daws*80962.17Decrease 1.22
Liberal DemocratsKay M. Stone716
LabourEmma F. Burnell37327.92Decrease 0.57
LabourPatricia M.L. Webster312
BNPKate McKay897.26New
ConservativeCaroline I. Fazzani472.65Decrease 5.47
ConservativeRita Than18
Registered electors4,105Decrease 363
Turnout1,34132.67Decrease 7.03
Rejected ballots100.75Increase 0.58
Liberal Democratshold
Liberal Democratshold

Westdown

[edit]
Westdown (2)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourJulie P. Grimble*59660.27Decrease 24.94
LabourDavid H. Manion493
Liberal DemocratsKevin Brock16216.38New
GreenNicholas Lee15116.71New
Liberal DemocratsJerry H. Parana-Hetty134
ConservativeAngela Kilmartin626.64Decrease 8.15
ConservativePeter Fazzani58
Registered electors3,271Decrease 52
Turnout92928.40Decrease 5.91
Rejected ballots111.18Decrease 0.22
Labourhold
Labourhold

Wick

[edit]
Wick (3)[4][5]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal DemocratsNeil Hughes1,23363.48Increase 15.72
Liberal DemocratsAndrew J. Bridgwater1,154
Liberal DemocratsAdrian J. Gee-Turner1,108
LabourElizabeth Clowes60831.06Decrease 7.07
LabourAllan Hilton589
LabourWilliam O'Connor[n 30]513
ConservativeAnn B. Brenells1175.47Decrease 2.67
ConservativeYann Leclercq100
ConservativeIrene C. Wonderling84
Registered electors6,063Decrease 940
Turnout2,01933.30Decrease 7.64
Rejected ballots150.74Increase 0.39
Liberal Democratshold
Liberal Democratshold
Liberal Democratshold

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^16 councillors defected to other parties, 2 seats were lost in by-elections and 2 seats were vacant[2]
  2. ^9 councillors defected to the Liberal Democrats, they lost 1 seat in a by-election and 1 seat was vacant[2]
  3. ^6 councillors defected to the Conservatives and they won 3 seats in by-elections[2]
  4. ^Marsh was a sitting councillor representing theNorth Defoe ward
  5. ^Bentley was elected in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Cllr. Helen A. Cooper[6]
  6. ^Pearson was initially elected as a Labour Councillor but later joined the Liberal Democrats
  7. ^Ece was a sitting councillor representing theClissold ward. They were originally elected as a Labour councillor but defected to the Liberal Democrats at some point before this election
  8. ^Harmer was a sitting councillor representing theSpringfield ward
  9. ^O'Leary was elected in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Cllr. John T.T. Richards in 1994[6]
  10. ^Snell was elected in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Cllr. Madeleine M. Spanswick in 1996[6]
  11. ^Hibberd was originally elected as a Labour councillor but defected to the Liberal Democrats at some point before this election
  12. ^Hanson was a sitting councillor representing theHomerton ward who was originally elected as a Labour councillor but defected to the Liberal Democrats at some point before this election
  13. ^Goodchild was elected as a Labour councillor but at sometime before this election they defected to the Liberal Democrats
  14. ^Maxted was a sitting councillor representing theVictoria ward
  15. ^Miah was a sitting councillor representing theChatham ward. Miah was originally elected as a Labour councillor but defected to the Conservatives at some point before this election.
  16. ^Shaikh was a sitting councillor representing theEastdown ward who was originally elected as a Labour councillor but later defected to the Conservatives
  17. ^Shenker was a sitting councillor representing theChatham ward. Shenker was originally elected as a Labour councillor but eventually defected to the Conservative Party
  18. ^Candlin was elected in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Cllr. Alison J. Rothwell in 1995[6]
  19. ^Fahey was elected in a by-election triggered by the death of Cllr. Iain D.F. Pigg in 1997[6]
  20. ^Phillips was originally elected as a Labour councillor but later defected to the Conservatives
  21. ^Grosskopf was a sitting councillor representing theLeabridge ward who was originallt elected as a Labour councillor but later defected to the Conservatives
  22. ^McCafferty was a sitting councillor representing theRectory ward
  23. ^Peretz was a sitting councillor representing theNew River ward who was originally elected as a Labour councilor and who later defected to the Conservatives
  24. ^Share was initially elected as a member of the Labour Party but at sometime after the 1994 election he defected to the Liberal Democrats
  25. ^Peters was originally elected as a Labour councillor but later defected to the Liberal Democrats
  26. ^Oleforo was a sitting councillor representing theEastdown ward
  27. ^Lamb was initially elected as a Labour councillor but at some time before this election they defected to the Liberal Democrats
  28. ^Pipe was elected in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Cllr. Anne St Clair Miller in 1996[6]
  29. ^Leibowitz was a sitting councillor representing theNorthwold ward who was originally elected as a Labour councillor but later defected to the Conservatives
  30. ^O'Connor was a sitting councillor representing theClissold ward

References

[edit]
  1. ^abMinors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis."London Borough Council Elections - 7 May 1998 - including the Greater London Authority referendum results"(PDF).London Datastore. London Research Centre. p. 198. Retrieved3 July 2025.
  2. ^abcMinors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis."London Borough Council Election 7 May 1998 - including the Greater London Authority referendum results"(PDF).London Datastore. London Research Centre. p. 61. Retrieved3 July 2025.
  3. ^"Vote-rigging councillors face jail". 9 March 2001. Retrieved25 July 2024.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxMinors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis."London Borough Council Elections - 7 May 1998 - including the Greater London Authority referendum results"(PDF).London Datastore. London Research Centre. pp. 63–66,198–199. Retrieved1 July 2025.
  5. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxRallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael."London Borough of Hackney Election Results 1964-2010"(PDF).Elections Centre.Plymouth University. pp. 10–11. Retrieved1 July 2025.
  6. ^abcdefMinors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis."London Borough Council Elections - 7 May 1998 - including the Greater London Authority referendum results"(PDF).London Datastore. London Research Centre. p. 66. Retrieved1 July 2025.

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  1. ^Minors, Grenham, Michael, Dennis (1998).London Borough Council Elections 7 May 1998 including the Greater London Authority Referendum results (1st ed.). London: London Research Centre. pp. Hackney.ISBN 1 85261 2762.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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