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Thecongressional election inIllinois's 2nd congressional district on December 12, 1995, resulted in the entry to Congress ofJesse Jackson Jr. as aDemocratic Party representative, a position he held until 2012.
The election was aspecial election made necessary by the resignation from Congress ofMel Reynolds. In the preceding Democratic Partyprimary held on November 29, Jackson defeatedEmil Jones by a margin of 48% to 39%; there were three other candidates. In the general election, Jackson won 76% of the vote against 24% for the Republican candidate, Thomas Somer.
Upon his election, Jackson announced his aspirations for his constituents: "I too have a dream...that one day theSouth Side of Chicago and the south suburbs will look like the North Side of Chicago and the northwest suburbs."
Jackson's wifeSandi envisioned Jackson running for the 2nd congressional district seat in the Spring 1996primary election.[2] His father, however, felt he should obtain experience at the local level as analderman,Illinois State Senator orIllinois State Representative.[3] Therefore, Jackson Sr. approachedAlice J. Palmer with a deal where they supported her for Congress and she support Junior for her seat in theIllinois State Senate, but Jackson Jr. did not agree with that plan.[2] He felt that ifPatrick Kennedy was ready at age 26, then at age 30 he himself was ready.[3] After seeking approval from former Democratic National Committee Chairman and ChicagoanDavid Wilhelm, he decided to run for the seat. Palmer ran and endorsed Barack Obama for her old seat.[2]
WhenMel Reynolds, who was later convicted on sex misconduct charges, announced his resignation from the Congress on September 1, 1995, Jackson's name was (along with Palmer) one of the first names to surface as a replacement.[4][5] On September 10, 1995, Jackson officially announced his candidacy.[6] FiveDemocrats, includingIllinois State Senate minority leaderEmil Jones, and fourRepublicans competed in the November 29, 1995 party primaries for the party nominations in the December 12, 1995 general election.[7][8] Jones was endorsed byChicago MayorRichard M. Daley.[2] In addition to Jones, Jackson's toughest competitor, the Democratic field includedIllinois State Senator Alice Palmer,Illinois State RepresentativeMonique Davis and businessman John Morrow.[7] Jackson used a combination of multimedia, targeted marketing and an army of community activists to deliver his positive campaign messages.[9] He also registered thousands of new voters.[9] Jackson received no endorsements from the downtown daily newspapers (Chicago Tribune,Chicago Sun-Times, and the black daily,Chicago Defender), but was endorsed by theCitizen,Daily Southtown,Markham, Illinois mayor, Evans Miller, and one local labor organization.[10]
As part of his campaign he was the only candidate to embrace the third Chicago airport proposal being championed byJim Edgar at the time.[9] The proposed airport inPeotone, Illinois was inWill County and was outside of the congressional district (which then was entirely contained inCook County), but with thousands of jobs that would result nearby, his region would be a large beneficiary.[11] Jackson estimates the airport could bring the region nearly a quarter million jobs and with the multiplier effect on the economy the region would benefit by a half million jobs.[12]
One of Jackson's most lasting memories from his first election came during a bipartisan televised debate. During Jackson's positive campaign, he had emphasized that his district would be better off keeping Jones in office at the state capital inSpringfield and sending Jackson to Washington. Jones said that being a politician took more than crowd pleasing and rhyming. At the time, theChicago Bulls had just lost the popularB. J. Armstrong in the 1995 Expansion draft to theToronto Raptors andMichael Jordan had recently returned to basketball from playingminor league baseball. Jackson memorably stated, "I am not running against Emil Jones. I am trying to build a stronger team. B.J. should have never been traded; M.J. should have stayed in basketball; E.J. should stay in Springfield; and J.J. should be sent to Congress."[13][14]
| Ward/Township | Jones | Palmer | Jackson | Davis | Morrow |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 12 | 8 | 33 | 4 | 1 |
| 7 | 1,254 | 684 | 2,486 | 112 | 13 |
| 9 | 2,444 | 360 | 3,044 | 149 | 14 |
| 10 | 386 | 141 | 367 | 14 | 3 |
| 15 | 294 | 151 | 783 | 25 | 3 |
| 16 | 57 | 11 | 124 | 11 | 1 |
| 17 | 1,256 | 306 | 2,729 | 141 | 13 |
| 18 | 1,376 | 312 | 2,398 | 167 | 3 |
| 19 | 225 | 70 | 280 | 16 | 0 |
| 21 | 2,490 | 414 | 3,432 | 336 | 4 |
| 34 | 4,973 | 460 | 4,911 | 248 | 12 |
| City Totals | 14,767 | 2,917 | 20,587 | 1,223 | 67 |
| Bloom | 1,596 | 757 | 1,231 | 39 | 54 |
| Bremen | 1,786 | 510 | 1,973 | 53 | 41 |
| Calumet | 990 | 111 | 502 | 19 | 6 |
| Rich | 1,352 | 914 | 1,479 | 38 | 30 |
| Thornton | 3,513 | 1,127 | 4,174 | 141 | 54 |
| Worth | 94 | 7 | 67 | 6 | 0 |
| Suburban Totals | 9,331 | 3,426 | 9,426 | 296 | 185 |
| Overall Total | 38,865 | 9,260 | 50,600 | 2,742 | 319 |
Jackson won the democratic party primary and since the district is overwhelmingly Democratic, he was the favorite for the specialgeneral election.[7] The manner in which he won was interesting because although he lost two of the eleven city wards and three of the six townships, he won all the highest voter turnout regions (two largest townships and five largest wards) except the 34th ward, which was Jones' home base.[9] The day after winning the primary, he received a congratulatory phone call fromUnited States Vice PresidentAl Gore who had also won his first election (representing Tennessee in the House of Representatives) in the shadow of his father,Albert Gore, Sr. who had represented Tennessee in Congress.[9]
On the eve of the election, Gore attended a Jackson address.[15] Jackson was campaigning in a district where his father was well known.[7] During this campaign, his lone controversy was that his salary as field director the Rainbow Coalition had been subsidized by the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union, which was accused by a Senate investigating committee of having ties to organized crime.[7] Nothing ever came of those accusations.
Jackson won the general election of December 12, 1995 against RepublicanThomas Somer (76 percent to 24 percent).[16][17][18] The victory had been widely anticipated.[19] Upon his victory, Jackson made it known he would be a liberal voice in opposition toSpeaker of the HouseNewt Gingrich,[15] and he was sworn in by Gingrich on December 15, 1995, before being introduced to the House by long-time Chicago congressmanSidney Yates.[20] Jackson was perceived as less charismatic than his father and less credentialed than theRhodes Scholar Reynolds, but his family pedigree was expected to help him open the doors that would enable him to serve the needs of his constituents effectively.[8][17] In August 1996, Somer withdrew from a rematch leaving Jackson with no major party opposition.[1] As a result, Jackson received 94% of the vote in the general election.[21]
After being elected in the special general election, Jackson was one of many congressional politicians who received a donation from John Huang although Jackson did not know Mr. Huang. Jackson's donation was unexplained. Many recipients felt compelled to return the donations as a scandal erupted involving the true source of the funds.[22] Eventually there was aFederal Bureau of Investigation andUnited States Department of Justice interrogation of Mr. Huang concerning irregularities which seemed to relate to Jackson and Bill Clinton.[23] Mr. Huang's $1,000 contribution to Jackson's campaign was within legal limits and Jackson attributed Mr. Huang's desire to contribute to the national media attention his campaign's positive message received.[24]
