 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 400 seats in theNational Assembly 201 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Part ofa series on the |
| Politics of South Africa |
|---|
 |
 South Africa portal |
General elections were held inSouth Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994.[1] The elections were the first in South Africa in which citizens of all races could vote, bringing an end to theherrenvolk democracy that had existed since the 1950s and marking the country's first election underuniversal suffrage. The election was conducted under the direction of theIndependent Electoral Commission (IEC), and marked the culmination of the four-year process thatended apartheid.
Millions queued in lines over a four-day voting period. Altogether, 19,726,579 votes were counted, and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, theAfrican National Congress (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederationCOSATU and theSouth African Communist Party (SACP), won alandslide victory, taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of thesupermajority required to unilaterally amend theInterim Constitution.
As required by that document, the ANC formed aGovernment of National Unity with theNational Party (NP) and theInkatha Freedom Party (IFP), the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in theNational Assembly. The governing NP polled just over 20%, and was thus eligible for a post of Vice President to incumbent president De Klerk. The new National Assembly's first act was to electNelson Mandela asPresident, making him the country's first black chief executive. He then appointed theCabinet of Nelson Mandela. The date 27 April is now apublic holiday in South Africa,Freedom Day.
In 1948, the newly elected National Party government in South Africa began to instituteapartheid, an institutionalized system ofracial segregation that placed sociopolitical dominance in the hands of the European-descendedwhite minority. Under thePopulation Registration Act, 1950, all South Africans were categorised by the government as White,Black,Coloured (mixed) orIndian. Suffrage was reserved for Whites,interracial sexual relationships were forbidden and over 80% of the country's land was reserved for the white minority. Members of theBlack majority were stripped of citizenship under theBantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970, and were instead made citizens of one of the country's "bantustans", territories reserved for various black ethnic groups.[2] The South African government faced international condemnation against the backdrop of thedecolonisation of Africa, and by the 1980s, the state was struggling withmajor internal political violence, awar of independence in Namibia and intervention in Angola and a failing economy burdened by international sanctions and the heavy costs of national security, effectively forcing the government to move towards political reform.[3]
In 1983,P. W. Botha's government approved anew constitution, which implemented aTricameral Parliament, with additional houses representing the Coloured and Indian populations. However, Blacks remained unrepresented in parliament, with political representation only existing under the bantustan system. Anti-apartheid groups opposed to the Tricameral Parliament instead reorganized under the umbrella of theUnited Democratic Front. The1984 election to the non-white houses of parliament also faced widespread boycotts from Indian and Coloured voters.[4][5] In 1985, the government introduced a sweepingstate of emergency in response to growing civil unrest, which included sweeping restrictions onfreedom of movement,freedom of speech andfreedom of the press, particularly for non-White South Africans.[6] In 1989, F. W. de Klerk was electedState President of South Africa, succeeding Botha. On 2 February 1990, de Klerk made aspeech at the opening of Parliament inCape Town, in which he unexpectedly announced his intention to unban anti-apartheid groups such as the ANC, SACP and thePan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC), to release political prisoners such as ANC leader Nelson Mandela and requested a process of negotiation with the anti-apartheid opposition.[7][8] On 11 February, Mandela was released fromVictor Verster Prison in Cape Town, after 27 years of incarceration.[9]
Formal negotiations between the ANC and the government were initially scheduled to begin on 11 April 1990. However on 26 March, police opened fire on protestors in the township ofSebokeng, killing 11 people. Consequently, the ANC cancelled the talks, and negotiations were only rescheduled for 2–4 May following an emergency meeting between Mandela and de Klerk. The "talks about talks" were held at theGroote Schuur presidential estate, and were intended to discuss terms before more substantive constitutional negotiations could begin. The parties jointly agreed to aim to end political violence, and to establish a joint working group. On 6 August, the government and ANC issued a further joint declaration, known as the Pretoria Minute, in which the ANC and its armed wing,uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) agreed to the suspension of armed activities, in exchange for the government lifting of the State of Emergency (then only active inNatal Province), further release of political prisoners from September 1990, and a review of certain provisions of theInternal Security Act.[10][11] On 14 September 1991, 24 organisations signed the National Peace Accord, which included a code of conduct for political parties and security forces, and structures for the resolution of political conflict, such as theGoldstone Commission.[12]
On 30 November 1991, 19 organisations announced that the first meeting of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) would be held in Johannesburg on 20 and 21 December 1991, in order to discuss constitutional arrangements.[13] The CODESA 1 plenary session saw all participating groups, except for theInkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and the government of theBophuthatswana homeland, agree to a declaration of intent on establishing a united South Africa with common citizenship for all racial groups, and to promote peaceful political participation so that constitutional change could be advanced. Working groups were established with the aim of forming a constitution-making body, deciding the future of the bantustans, and establishing an interim government within a set time frame. CODESA 1 was not attended by thePAC,Conservative Party (CP) orAzanian People's Organisation (AZAPO).[14][15] Around the same time, de Klerk's National Party government faced a series of whites-onlyby-election losses, leading his government to hold areferendum on 17 March 1992 on the continuation of the negotiation process. The NP andDemocratic Party campaigned for a "Yes" vote, while the CP supported the "No" vote. The referendum produced a landslide victory for the government, with 68.3% of voters voting "Yes" for the process to end the apartheid system.[16]
The second session, CODESA 2, convened at theKempton Park World Trade Centre on 25 May 1992. The session collapsed following a deadlock on constitutional issues between the ANC and NP.[17] In response to the failure of negotiations, the ANC announced a campaign of "rolling mass action", encompassing public protests andstrikes in order to pressure the government to meet its demands.[18] On 23 June, the ANC announced the suspension of talks after alleging government complicity in a17 June massacre against residents of the township ofBoipatong by supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party.[19] On 7 September, ANC supporters, marching against the government ofOupa Gqozo in the homeland ofCiskei, wereopened fire on by theCiskei Defence Force in the homeland's capital,Bhisho, killing 29 people. Despite the massacre often being cited as the impetus for a return to negotiations, the aftermath saw an escalation of political violence in Ciskei.[20][21]
While negotiations between the ANC and NP had been suspended, unofficial talks were continued from June 1992 without authorization betweenCyril Ramaphosa of the ANC andRoelf Meyer of the NP. The talks culminated in the official Record of Understanding between the ANC and the government on the 26 September, recognizing agreements reached between the two in meetings.[22][23] On 1-2 April 1993, a new multilateral conference, the Multiparty Negotiating Process, was first attended at Kempton Park by 26 different organizations.[24] The only significant absent groups were AZAPO and some Afrikaner nationalist organizations.[25]
In October 1992, the IFP initiated the formation of the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG) alongside the bantustan governments of Bophuthatswana and Ciskei and the white pro-apartheid Conservative Party, in protest at its alleged sidelining during the negotiation process, and in order to ensure its representation among factions other than the national government and the anti-apartheid opposition. In June 1993, the IFP walked out from the MPNF in protest at the mechanism being used to determine the upcoming election date. Bophuthatswana and Ciskei continued participation until withdrawing in October, upon which COSAG was replaced with the Freedom Alliance, incorporating additional far-right elements.[26] On 17 November 1993, an MPNF plenary meeting endorsed aninterim constitution, under which non-racial elections were due to be held on 27 April 1994.[26]
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(May 2025) |
Prior to the political transition, South Africa suffered from serious internal political violence, which intensified following the government's announcement of the negotiation process in 1990.[27] Political violence was perpetrated by various actors, including the state, anti-apartheid groups, bantustan authorities, Zulu supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party and pro-apartheid white supremacist groups.
| This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(December 2024) |
After initially announcing a boycott due to constitutional disagreements, theInkatha Freedom Party (IFP) reversed its decision on 19 April, days before the election. It was added to the already-printed ballot papers by means of a sticker.[28][29] In rural areas with limited infrastructure, people queued "for days" in order to vote.[28]
TheAfrikaner nationalist and pro-apartheidConservative Party, the official opposition in the outgoing National Assembly, did not contest the elections. The similarly alignedHerstigte Nasionale Party, which had run in the white-only elections in 1989 also chose not to run.
The 400 members of theNational Assembly were chosen fromparty listsin proportion to each party's share of the national ballot.
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 12,237,655 | 62.65 | 252 | |
| National Party | 3,983,690 | 20.39 | 82 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 2,058,294 | 10.54 | 43 | |
| Freedom Front | 424,555 | 2.17 | 9 | |
| Democratic Party | 338,426 | 1.73 | 7 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 243,478 | 1.25 | 5 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 88,104 | 0.45 | 2 | |
| Africa Muslim Party | 34,466 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| African Moderates Congress Party | 27,690 | 0.14 | 0 | |
| Dikwankwetla Party | 19,451 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| Federal Party | 17,663 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| Minority Front | 13,433 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Sport Organisation for Collective Contributions and Equal Rights | 10,575 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 9,886 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Women's Rights Peace Party | 6,434 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Ximoko Progressive Party | 6,320 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Keep It Straight and Simple Party | 5,916 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Workers' List Party | 4,169 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Luso-South African Party | 3,293 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Total | 19,533,498 | 100.00 | 400 | |
| Valid votes | 19,533,498 | 99.02 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 193,112 | 0.98 | ||
| Total votes | 19,726,610 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:African Elections Database | ||||
The 90 members of theSenate were chosen, 10 from each province, by the newly elected provincial legislatures. Each province's Senate seats were allocated in proportion to the parties' representation in the provincial legislature.
 | |||||||||||||
| Party | Sum of votes in the Provincial elections | Seats in the Senate | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | EC | FS | G | KZN | M | NW | NC | NP | WC | Total | ||
| African National Congress | 12,137,307 | 62.29 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 60 | |
| National Party | 3,492,467 | 17.92 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 17 | ||
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 2,047,083 | 10.51 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
| Freedom Front | 639,643 | 3.28 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||
| Democratic Party | 538,655 | 2.76 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| Total | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 90 | |||
| Source: Constitution of South Africa[30] | |||||||||||||
In 1997, on the adoption ofthe final Constitution, the Senate became theNational Council of Provinces; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table.
 | |||||||||||||
| Party | Delegate type | EC | FS | G | KZN | M | NW | NC | NP | WC | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African National Congress | Permanent | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 32 | 60 | |
| Special | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 28 | |||
| National Party | Permanent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 17 | ||
| Special | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |||||||||
| Inkatha Freedom Party | Permanent | 3 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||
| Special | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Freedom Front | Permanent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||||
| Democratic Party | Permanent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| Total | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 90 | |||
| Source: Constitution of South Africa[30] | |||||||||||||
Members of theprovincial legislatures were elected from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the provincial ballot.
| Party | Votes | % | EC | FS | G | KZN | M | NW | NC | NP | WC | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANC | 12,137,307 | 62.29 | 48 | 24 | 50 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 15 | 38 | 14 | 266 | |
| National | 3,492,467 | 17.92 | 6 | 4 | 21 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 23 | 82 | |
| IFP | 2,047,083 | 10.51 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | |
| Freedom Front | 639,643 | 3.28 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 14 | |
| Democratic | 538,655 | 2.76 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 12 | |
| PAC | 271,793 | 1.39 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
| ACDP | 117,825 | 0.60 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| Africa Muslim Party | 51,773 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| MF | 48,951 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 34,233 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dikwankwetla Party | 21,877 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Islamic Party | 16,762 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Federal Party | 16,279 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| FPU | 10,123 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ximoko Progressive Party | 8,238 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Women's Rights Peace Party | 7,279 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party | 6,337 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International | 5,481 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Luso-South African Party | 5,423 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| South African Women's Party | 2,641 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Green Party | 2,611 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Merit Party | 2,028 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Right Party | 921 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 19,485,730 | 100.00 | 56 | 30 | 86 | 81 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 40 | 42 | 425 | |
| Valid votes | 19,485,730 | 99.25 | |||||||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 147,841 | 0.75 | |||||||||||
| Total votes | 19,633,571 | 100.00 | |||||||||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 2,453,790 | 84.35 | 48 | |
| National Party | 286,029 | 9.83 | 6 | |
| Democratic Party | 59,644 | 2.05 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 59,475 | 2.04 | 1 | |
| Freedom Front | 23,167 | 0.80 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 14,908 | 0.51 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 5,050 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 4,815 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| Merit Party | 2,028 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Total | 2,908,906 | 100.00 | 56 | |
| Valid votes | 2,908,906 | 99.55 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 13,248 | 0.45 | ||
| Total votes | 2,922,154 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 1,037,998 | 76.65 | 24 | |
| National Party | 170,452 | 12.59 | 4 | |
| Freedom Front | 81,662 | 6.03 | 2 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 24,451 | 1.81 | 0 | |
| Dikwankwetla Party | 17,024 | 1.26 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party | 7,664 | 0.57 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 6,935 | 0.51 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 6,072 | 0.45 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 2,008 | 0.15 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,354,266 | 100.00 | 30 | |
| Valid votes | 1,354,266 | 99.25 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 10,286 | 0.75 | ||
| Total votes | 1,364,552 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 2,418,257 | 57.60 | 50 | |
| National Party | 1,002,540 | 23.88 | 21 | |
| Freedom Front | 258,935 | 6.17 | 5 | |
| Democratic Party | 223,548 | 5.32 | 5 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 153,567 | 3.66 | 3 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 61,512 | 1.47 | 1 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 25,542 | 0.61 | 1 | |
| Federal Party | 16,279 | 0.39 | 0 | |
| Africa Muslim Party | 12,888 | 0.31 | 0 | |
| Women's Rights Peace Party | 7,279 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| Luso-South African Party | 5,423 | 0.13 | 0 | |
| Dikwankwetla Party | 4,853 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 4,352 | 0.10 | 0 | |
| Ximoko Progressive Party | 3,275 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Total | 4,198,250 | 100.00 | 86 | |
| Valid votes | 4,198,250 | 99.40 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 25,383 | 0.60 | ||
| Total votes | 4,223,633 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 1,844,070 | 50.32 | 41 | |
| African National Congress | 1,181,118 | 32.23 | 26 | |
| National Party | 410,710 | 11.21 | 9 | |
| Democratic Party | 78,910 | 2.15 | 2 | |
| Minority Front | 48,951 | 1.34 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 26,601 | 0.73 | 1 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 24,690 | 0.67 | 1 | |
| Freedom Front | 18,625 | 0.51 | 0 | |
| Africa Muslim Party | 17,931 | 0.49 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 8,092 | 0.22 | 0 | |
| Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International | 4,626 | 0.13 | 0 | |
| Total | 3,664,324 | 100.00 | 81 | |
| Valid votes | 3,664,324 | 98.94 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 39,369 | 1.06 | ||
| Total votes | 3,703,693 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 1,070,052 | 80.69 | 25 | |
| National Party | 119,311 | 9.00 | 3 | |
| Freedom Front | 75,120 | 5.66 | 2 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 21,679 | 1.63 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 20,147 | 1.52 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party | 7,437 | 0.56 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 6,339 | 0.48 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 5,062 | 0.38 | 0 | |
| Right Party | 921 | 0.07 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,326,068 | 100.00 | 30 | |
| Valid votes | 1,326,068 | 99.06 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 12,631 | 0.94 | ||
| Total votes | 1,338,699 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 1,310,080 | 83.33 | 26 | |
| National Party | 138,986 | 8.84 | 3 | |
| Freedom Front | 72,821 | 4.63 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 27,274 | 1.73 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party | 7,894 | 0.50 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 5,948 | 0.38 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 5,570 | 0.35 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 3,569 | 0.23 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,572,142 | 100.00 | 30 | |
| Valid votes | 1,572,142 | 98.81 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 18,974 | 1.19 | ||
| Total votes | 1,591,116 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 200,839 | 49.74 | 15 | |
| National Party | 163,452 | 40.48 | 12 | |
| Freedom Front | 24,117 | 5.97 | 2 | |
| Democratic Party | 7,567 | 1.87 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 3,765 | 0.93 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 1,688 | 0.42 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 1,610 | 0.40 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 734 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| Total | 403,772 | 100.00 | 30 | |
| Valid votes | 403,772 | 99.13 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 3,534 | 0.87 | ||
| Total votes | 407,306 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| African National Congress | 1,759,597 | 91.63 | 38 | |
| National Party | 62,745 | 3.27 | 1 | |
| Freedom Front | 41,193 | 2.15 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 24,360 | 1.27 | 0 | |
| United People's Front | 10,123 | 0.53 | 0 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 7,363 | 0.38 | 0 | |
| Ximoko Progressive Party | 4,963 | 0.26 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party | 4,021 | 0.21 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 3,662 | 0.19 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 2,233 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,920,260 | 100.00 | 40 | |
| Valid votes | 1,920,260 | 99.29 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 13,702 | 0.71 | ||
| Total votes | 1,933,962 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| National Party | 1,138,242 | 53.25 | 23 | |
| African National Congress | 705,576 | 33.01 | 14 | |
| Democratic Party | 141,970 | 6.64 | 3 | |
| Freedom Front | 44,003 | 2.06 | 1 | |
| African Christian Democratic Party | 25,731 | 1.20 | 1 | |
| Pan Africanist Congress | 22,676 | 1.06 | 0 | |
| Africa Muslim Party | 20,954 | 0.98 | 0 | |
| Islamic Party | 16,762 | 0.78 | 0 | |
| Inkatha Freedom Party | 7,445 | 0.35 | 0 | |
| Wes-Kaap Federaliste Party | 6,337 | 0.30 | 0 | |
| South African Women's Party | 2,641 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Green Party | 2,611 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| African Democratic Movement | 1,939 | 0.09 | 0 | |
| Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International | 855 | 0.04 | 0 | |
| Total | 2,137,742 | 100.00 | 42 | |
| Valid votes | 2,137,742 | 99.50 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 10,714 | 0.50 | ||
| Total votes | 2,148,456 | 100.00 | ||
| Source:Election Resources | ||||
Following the elections, 27 April subsequently became a national public holiday,Freedom Day.[31]
In aSunday Independent article on the 20th anniversary of the election,Steven Friedman, who headed the IEC's information analysis department during theelection, stated that the lack of avoters roll made verifying the results of the election difficult, and there were widespread accusations of cheating.[28] Friedman characterised the election as a "technical disaster but a political triumph", and intimated that the final results were as a result of a negotiated compromise, rather than being an accurate count of the votes cast, stating that it was impossible to produce an accurate result under the circumstances that the election was held. He wrote that he believed that the result of the election, which gave KwaZulu-Natal to the IFP; gave the National Party 20% of the vote share, and a Deputy President position; and held the ANC back from the two-thirds majority with the ability to unilaterally write thefinal constitution, helped prevent a civil war.[28]
After the Bisho massacre of September 1992, these clashes erupted into more overt warfare, with increasingly sophisticated weapons being used
.png)
.jpg)
