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The1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1994, for the four-year term beginning on January 1, 1995. Candidates for governor and lieutenant governor ran on aticket asrunning mates.
IncumbentDemocratBruce King ran for a fourth term withPatricia Madrid as a running mate, losing toRepublican nomineesGary Johnson, a businessman, andWalter Bradley, a formerstate senator. Former Lieutenant GovernorRoberto Mondragón ran withSteven Schmidt as the nominees of the Green Party, receiving 10.4 percent of the vote.
The election was marked by the surprising rise ofRepublicanGary Johnson, the 41-year-old owner of one of the state's largest construction companies. Johnson, who had never before held elected office, upset a crowded Republican primary field by a margin of fewer than 1,300 votes. With the state's non-Republicans split between the centrist King and progressive Mondragón, King failed to gain a majority and Johnson won the election with 49.8% of the vote.[1]
This is the last time a governor of New Mexico lost re-election. This was one of four gubernatorial elections where an incumbent Democrat was defeated in 1994.
King faced a tough renomination campaign, being challenged by incumbent Lieutenant Governor Casey Luna, who had a falling out with King in 1993 over King's refusal to give Luna a larger role in King's administration.[2] FormerNew Mexico Commissioner of Public LandsJim Baca also challenged King.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Bruce King (incumbent) | 76,039 | 38.38% | |
| Democratic | Casey Luna | 71,364 | 36.45% | |
| Democratic | Jim Baca | 48,401 | 24.72% | |
| Total votes | 195,804 | 100.00% | ||
Cheney ran on a platform highlighting cracking down on violent crime, repealing the gasoline tax, and lowering public spending.[4] During the campaign, he controversially changed his legal name from Richard to "Dick". Opponents includingJohn Dendahl stated that people voting in the polls would confuse Cheney with the former Secretary of DefenseDick Cheney fromWyoming, improving his chances of winning the primary. Public polling after the change showed that his numbers increased significantly.[5]
At the state convention, Cheney received 49% of the vote against 29% for Dendahl and 22% for Johnson.[6]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Gary Johnson | 32,091 | 34.48% | |
| Republican | Dick Cheney | 30,811 | 33.10% | |
| Republican | John Dendahl | 18,007 | 19.35% | |
| Republican | David F. Cargo | 12,105 | 13.01% | |
| Republican | Keith Russell Judd (write-in) | 57 | 0.06% | |
| Total votes | 93,071 | 100.00% | ||
Bruce King, the Democratic three-term incumbent[a], began the general election with the most funding and name recognition.[citation needed] King was a career politician who had first been elected to theSanta Fe County Commission in 1954, when Gary Johnson was just one year old.[7] King also had the support of the Gold Boot Club, a business-backed political coalition that channeled thousands of dollars to his campaign.[8]
King's quest for an unprecedented fourth term faced obstacles from the left and the right. From the left, King was challenged byGreen Party nominee Roberto Mondragón. Mondragón was apopulist former Democrat, who had served asLieutenant Governor from 1971 to 1975 and in the stateHouse from 1979 to 1983.[citation needed] Mondragón had a knack for appealing to both progressive whites and working-class Hispanics, and attacked King for his cushy relationships with big business.[8]
Gary Johnson was the nominee of New Mexico's Republican Party, a statewide party that had won justone gubernatorial election since 1970. Johnson faced the challenge of keeping together his Republican base while appealing to independents and Democrats frustrated with King. Johnson campaigned as a political outsider and self-made entrepreneur.[citation needed] In college, Johnson had worked as a door-to-door handyman, a business that gradually expanded into Big J Enterprises. By 1999, the company employed over 1,000 people and was worth several million dollars.[9] Johnson avoided then-divisive social issues likeabortion andgay rights, and focused his campaign on pocketbook issues like taxes and the state budget. Johnson touted his experience in the business world of balancing budgets while growing his company, and promised to bring that experience to state government.[10]
In November, Gary Johnson won the election with just under 50% of the vote, while King got almost 40% and Mondragón pulled in just over 10%.
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Bruce King (D) | Gary Johnson (R) | Other | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santa Fe New Mexican | November 3, 1994 | — | — | 34% | 46% | — | — |
| Albuquerque Journal | October 23, 1994 | — | — | 35% | 40% | — | — |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Gary Johnson | 232,945 | 49.81% | +4.66% | |
| Democratic | Bruce King (incumbent) | 186,686 | 39.92% | −14.68% | |
| Green | Roberto Mondragón | 47,990 | 10.26% | ||
| Plurality | 46,259 | 9.89% | |||
| Total votes | 467,621 | 100.00% | |||
| Republicangain fromDemocratic | Swing | +19.34% | |||
Johnson was the first Republican sinceEdwin L. Mechem in1956 to carrySandoval County. As of 2022, only Sandoval County andBernalillo County have backed the winner in each gubernatorial election going back to1990. Johnson was also the first Republican sinceDavid Cargo in1966 to winValencia County.
| County | Gary Johnson Republican | Bruce King Democratic | Roberto Mondragón Green | Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Bernalillo | 81,732 | 52.82% | 57,131 | 36.92% | 15,861 | 10.25% | 24,601 | 15.90% | 154,724 |
| Catron | 992 | 66.71% | 408 | 27.44% | 87 | 5.85% | 584 | 39.27% | 1,487 |
| Chaves | 9,606 | 60.45% | 5,449 | 34.29% | 835 | 5.25% | 4,157 | 26.16% | 15,890 |
| Cibola | 2,387 | 41.39% | 2,731 | 47.36% | 649 | 11.25% | -344 | -5.96% | 5,767 |
| Colfax | 1,982 | 41.69% | 2,242 | 47.16% | 530 | 11.15% | -260 | -5.47% | 4,754 |
| Curry | 6,721 | 64.39% | 3,377 | 32.35% | 340 | 3.26% | 3,344 | 32.04% | 10,438 |
| De Baca | 482 | 44.55% | 498 | 46.03% | 102 | 9.43% | -16 | -1.48% | 1,082 |
| Doña Ana | 17,560 | 53.79% | 12,142 | 37.19% | 2,945 | 9.02% | 5,418 | 16.60% | 32,647 |
| Eddy | 8,549 | 55.46% | 6,129 | 39.76% | 737 | 4.78% | 2,420 | 15.70% | 15,415 |
| Grant | 4,059 | 43.50% | 4,484 | 48.05% | 789 | 8.45% | -425 | -4.55% | 9,332 |
| Guadalupe | 366 | 16.34% | 1,253 | 55.94% | 621 | 27.72% | -632[b] | -28.22% | 2,240 |
| Harding | 280 | 43.55% | 307 | 47.74% | 56 | 8.71% | -27 | -4.20% | 643 |
| Hidalgo | 940 | 49.09% | 846 | 44.18% | 129 | 6.74% | 94 | 4.91% | 1,915 |
| Lea | 8,616 | 66.68% | 3,934 | 30.44% | 372 | 2.88% | 4,682 | 36.23% | 12,922 |
| Lincoln | 2,850 | 54.11% | 2,080 | 39.49% | 337 | 6.40% | 770 | 14.62% | 5,267 |
| Los Alamos | 5,379 | 59.61% | 3,043 | 33.72% | 602 | 6.67% | 2,336 | 25.89% | 9,024 |
| Luna | 2,956 | 54.40% | 2,087 | 38.41% | 391 | 7.20% | 869 | 15.99% | 5,434 |
| McKinley | 4,750 | 35.77% | 7,748 | 58.35% | 781 | 5.88% | -2,998 | -22.58% | 13,279 |
| Mora | 581 | 23.63% | 1,377 | 56.00% | 501 | 20.37% | -796 | -32.37% | 2,459 |
| Otero | 7,921 | 59.89% | 4,579 | 34.62% | 725 | 5.48% | -3,342 | -25.27% | 13,225 |
| Quay | 1,886 | 50.12% | 1,574 | 41.83% | 303 | 8.05% | 312 | 8.29% | 3,763 |
| Rio Arriba | 2,381 | 23.95% | 5,770 | 58.03% | 1,792 | 18.02% | -3,389 | -34.08% | 9,943 |
| Roosevelt | 2,925 | 60.12% | 1,745 | 35.87% | 195 | 4.01% | 1,180 | 24.25% | 4,865 |
| San Juan | 16,343 | 61.53% | 8,491 | 31.97% | 1,729 | 6.51% | 7,852 | 29.56% | 26,563 |
| San Miguel | 1,789 | 21.44% | 4,935 | 59.14% | 1,620 | 19.42% | -3,146 | -37.70% | 8,344 |
| Sandoval | 11,228 | 53.95% | 7,670 | 36.85% | 1,915 | 9.20% | 3,558 | 17.10% | 20,813 |
| Santa Fe | 10,701 | 29.44% | 18,006 | 49.54% | 7,638 | 21.02% | -7,305 | -20.10% | 36,345 |
| Sierra | 2,390 | 61.31% | 1,273 | 32.66% | 235 | 6.03% | 1,117 | 28.66% | 3,898 |
| Socorro | 2,441 | 42.01% | 2,737 | 47.11% | 632 | 10.88% | -296 | -5.09% | 5,810 |
| Taos | 2,221 | 27.64% | 3,668 | 45.64% | 2,147 | 26.72% | -1,447 | -18.01% | 8,036 |
| Torrance | 1,786 | 43.56% | 1,964 | 47.90% | 350 | 8.54% | -178 | -4.34% | 4,100 |
| Union | 903 | 54.46% | 678 | 40.89% | 77 | 4.64% | 225 | 13.57% | 1,658 |
| Valencia | 7,242 | 46.61% | 6,330 | 40.74% | 1,967 | 12.66% | 912 | 5.87% | 15,539 |
| Total | 232,945 | 49.81% | 186,686 | 39.92% | 47,990 | 10.26% | 46,259 | 9.89% | 467,621 |
Bruce King began his political career in 1954 when he won a seat on the Santa Fe County Commission.
Prior to that, he was the CEO and founder of Big J Enterprises, a business that grew out of his door-to-door work as a handyman during college. By the time he sold the company in 1999, it had more than 1,000 employees and was a multimillion-dollar enterprise.
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