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1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries

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(Redirected from1988 Nevada Democratic caucuses)

Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries

← 1984

February 8 to June 14, 1988

1992 →

4,105 delegates to theDemocratic National Convention
2,053 (majority) votes needed to win


Candidate	Michael Dukakis	Jesse Jackson	Al Gore
Home state	Massachusetts	South Carolina	Tennessee
Delegate count	1,792	1,023	374
Contests won	30	13	7
Popular vote	10,024,101	6,941,816	3,190,992
Percentage	42.4%	29.3%	13.5%


Candidate	Paul Simon	Dick Gephardt
Home state	Illinois	Missouri
Delegate count	161	137
Contests won	1	3
Popular vote	1,107,692	1,452,331
Percentage	4.7%	6.1%

First place by convention roll call

Previous Democratic nominee

Walter Mondale

Democratic nominee

Michael Dukakis

From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of theDemocratic Party chose its nominee forpresident in the1988 United States presidential election.Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series ofprimary elections andcaucuses culminating in the1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, inAtlanta,Georgia.

Background

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Having been badly defeated in the1984 presidential election, the Democrats in 1985 and 1986 were eager to find a new approach to win the presidency. They created theDemocratic Leadership Council (DLC), with the aim of recruiting a candidate for the 1988 election.^{[citation needed]}

The large gains in the1986 mid-term elections (which resulted in the Democrats taking back control of the Senate after six years of Republican rule) and the continuingIran–Contra affair gave Democrats confidence in the run-up to the primary season.^{[citation needed]}

Candidates

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Nominee

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Candidate			Most recent office	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date	Popular vote	Contests won	Running mate
Michael Dukakis			Governor of Massachusetts (1975–1979, 1983–1991)	Massachusetts	(Campaign) Secured nomination: June 7, 1988	10,024,101 (42.37%)	30 NH, MN, ME primary, VT primary FL, HI caucus, ID caucus, MD MA, RI, TX, WA AS caucus, CO caucus, KS caucus CT, WI, AZ caucus, NY, UT caucus, PA, IN OH, NE, OR, CA, MT, NJ, NM, ND	Lloyd Bentsen

Eliminated at Convention

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Candidate			Most recent office	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date	Popular vote	Contests won
Jesse Jackson			Civil rights leader	South Carolina	Eliminated at convention: July 21, 1988 (Campaign)	6,941,816 (29.34%)	13 AL, GA, LA, MS, VA AK caucus, SC, PR VT caucus,MI caucus, DE caucus, DC

Withdrew during primaries

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Candidate	Most recent office	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date	Popular vote	Contests won
Al Gore	U.S. Senator fromTennessee (1985–1993)	Tennessee	Withdrew: April 21, 1988 (Campaign)	3,190,992 (13.49%)	7 WY caucus, AR, KY NV caucus, NC, OK, TN
Paul Simon	U.S. Senator fromIllinois (1985–1997)	Illinois	Withdrew: April 7, 1988 (Campaign)	1,107,692 (4.68%)	1 IL
Dick Gephardt	U.S. Representative fromMissouri (1977–2005)	Missouri	Withdrew: March 29, 1988 (Campaign)	1,452,331 (6.14%)	3 IA caucus, SD, MO
Gary Hart	U.S. Senator fromColorado (1975–1987)	Colorado	Suspended campaign: May 8, 1987 Re-entered: December 12, 1987 Withdrew: March 12, 1988 (Campaign)	390,200 (1.65%)	0

Candidates who received less than 1%

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Governor of Arizona
Bruce Babbitt
(Withdrew Feb. 18)
Activist and conspiracy theorist
Lyndon LaRouche
FormerGrand Wizard of theKnights of the Ku Klux Klan
David Duke
(campaign)
Representative
Douglas Applegate
ofOhio

Withdrew before primaries

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Candidate		Experience	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date
Pat Schroeder		U.S. Representative fromColorado (1973–1997)	Colorado	Withdrew: September 28, 1987(Campaign)
Joe Biden		U.S. Senator fromDelaware (1973–2009)	Delaware	Withdrew: September 23, 1987 (Campaign)

Declined

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Lloyd Bentsen	Robert C. Byrd	Ted Kennedy	Lee Iacocca	Mario Cuomo	Sam Nunn	Dale Bumpers	Bill Clinton	Bill Bradley	Dick Celeste	Chuck Robb

U.S. Senator fromTexas (1971–1993)	U.S. Senator fromWest Virginia (1959–2010)	U.S. Senator fromMassachusetts (1962–2009)	Businessman fromPennsylvania (1978–1992)	Governor ofNew York (1983–1994)	U.S. Senator fromGeorgia (1972–1997)	U.S. Senator fromArkansas (1975–1999)	Governor ofArkansas (1979-1981) (1983-1992)	U.S. Senator fromNew Jersey (1979–1997)	Governor ofOhio (1983–1991)	FormerGovernor ofVirginia (1982–1986)
		(December 19, 1985)^[1]	(July 16, 1986)	(February 19, 1987)	(February 21, 1987)	(March 20, 1987)	(July 15, 1987)	(August 2, 1987)	(August 24, 1987)^[2]	(November 12, 1987)

Polling

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Nationwide polling

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1986

Poll source	Publication	Bruce Babbitt	Joseph Biden	Bill Bradley	Tom Bradley	Dale Bumpers	Bill Clinton	Tony Coelho	Mario Cuomo	Michael Dukakis	Dianne Feinstein	Richard Gephardt	Gary Hart	Lee Iacocca	Jesse Jackson	Sam Nunn	Chuck Robb	Jay Rockefeller	Patricia Schroeder	Mark White
Gallup^[a]^[3]	Jan 10-13, 1986	1%	1%	8%	8%	1%	-	*	22%	-	3%	2%	47%	18%	16%	3%	3%	6%	1%	5%
Gallup^[a]^[4]	April 11-14, 1986	1%	1%	6%	7%	2%	-	*	27%	-	4%	1%	39%	14%	18%	2%	5%	6%	2%	2%
Gallup^[a]^[5]	June 9-16, 1986	*	*	7%	7%	*	*	*	22%	-	4%	*	34%	26%	17%	*	3%	6%	*	3%
		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30%	-	-	-	55%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	59%	28%	-	-	-	-	-	-
		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	75%	-	14%	-	-	-	-	-
Gallup^[6]	September 3-17, 1986	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	29%	-	-	-	54%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	58%	29%	-	-	-	-	-	-
		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	74%	-	15%	-	-	-	-	-
Gallup^[a]^[7]	October 24-27, 1986	*	*	8%	7%	*	*	*	27%	3%	*	*	32%	26%	14%	*	3%	6%	*	3%

1987

Poll source	Publication	Bruce Babbitt	Joseph Biden	Bill Bradley	Dale Bumpers	Bill Clinton	Mario Cuomo	Michael Dukakis	Richard Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Lee Iacocca	Jesse Jackson	Sam Nunn	Chuck Robb	Paul Simon	Pat Schroeder	Others
Washington Post - ABC-News^[8]^[9]	January 15-19, 1987	2%	1%	-	-	-	18%	-	1%	-	39%	-	13%	4%	-	-	-	-
Gallup^[a]^[10]	Jan 16-19, 1987	1%	2%	11%	4%	-	23%	3%	1%	-	53%	29%	21%	5%	6%	-	-	-
Gallup^[a]^[10]	Jan 16-19, 1987	-	-	-	-	-	23%	-	-	-	60%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
New York Times - CBS-News^[11]	Jan 18-21, 1987	1%	1%	-	-	-	17%	1%	2%	-	33%	-	9%	3%	-	-	-	-
Washington Post - ABC-News^[12]	March 5-9, 1987	1%	1%	-	3%	-	-	4%	3%	-	46%	-	14%	4%	2%	-	-	-
Gallup^[13]	April 10-13, 1987	4%	2%	-	-	-	-	7%	6%	6%	-	-	27%	-	-	-	-	12%
Washington Post - ABC-News^[14]	May 4, 1987	-	-	-	-	-	-	9%	-	-	36%	-	12%	-	-	-	-	-
New York Times - CBS-News^[15]	May 5-6, 1987	1%	1%	-	-	-	-	6%	4%	-	32%	-	10%	-	-	1%	-	-
Gallup^[16]	May 6-7, 1987	2%	1%	-	-	-	-	11%	7%	6%	-	-	22%	-	-	9%	-	5%
New York Times - CBS-News^[17]	May 11-14, 1987	2%	2%	-	-	2%	-	11%	4%	5%	-	-	17%	-	-	6%	-	-
New York Times - CBS-News^[17]	May 11-14, 1987	3%	1%	6%	-	2%	25%	6%	3%	4%	-	-	12%	4%	-	5%	-	-
Washington Post - ABC-News^[18]	May 28-June 2, 1987	4%	3%	-	-	-	*	11%	10%	5%	-	-	25%	-	-	13%	-	-
Gallup^[19]	June 8-14, 1987	2%	7%	-	-	-	-	11%	7%	5%	-	-	18%	-	-	7%	-	5%
Gallup^[20]	July 10-13, 1987	2%	4%	-	-	-	-	13%	3%	8%	-	-	17%	-	-	7%	-	2%
New York Times - CBS-News^[21]	July 21-22, 1987	3%	4%	-	-	-	-	8%	3%	7%	-	-	14%	-	-	7%	5%	3%
Gallup^[22]	Aug. 24-Sep. 2, 1987	2%	3%	-	-	-	-	13%	6%	8%	-	-	19%	-	-	7%	6%	2%
Gallup - Times Mirror Co.^[23]	Sep. 1-13, 1987	1%	4%	-	-	-	-	15%	7%	6%	-	-	24%	-	-	7%	3%	3%
Washington Post - ABC-News^[24]	September 17-23, 1987	4%	6%	-	-	-	-	12%	8%	7%	-	-	23%	-	-	7%	-	-
Gallup^[25]	October 23-26, 1987	1%	-	-	-	-	-	14%	5%	7%	-	-	22%	-	-	8%	-	*
Washington Post - ABC-News^[26]	December 13-15, 1987	4%	6%	-	-	-	-	15%	8%	7%	30%	-	20%	-	-	7%	-	-
New York Times - CBS-News^[27]	December 15, 1987	2%	-	-	-	-	-	9%	1%	5%	21%	-	17%	-	-	4%	-	-
New York Times - CBS-News^[27]	December 15, 1987	4%	-	-	-	-	-	11%	3%	5%	-	-	22%	-	-	5%	-	-
Gallup^[28]	Dec. 7-28, 1987	3%	-	-	-	-	-	10%	2%	5%	31%	-	13%	-	-	10%	-	26%

1988

Poll source	Publication	Bruce Babbitt	Michael Dukakis	Dick Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	Paul Simon	Other/Undecided
YCS^[29]	Jan. 3–6, 1988	–	11%	4%	–	28%	17%	13%	27%
CBS News/New York Times^[29]	Jan. 17–21, 1988	2%	6%	4%	4%	23%	17%	9%	35%
Washington Post/ABC^[29]	Jan. 17–23, 1988	3%	11%	4%	–	23%	25%	12%	22%
Gallup^[30]^[29]	Jan. 22–24, 1988	3%	16%	9%	6%	23%	15%	9%	19%
Harris Interactive^[29]	Jan. 7–26, 1988	–	15%	6%	–	19%	15%	8%	37%
Gordon Black^[29]	Jan. 21–28, 1988	–	13%	9%	–	17%	13%	7%	41%
CBS News/New York Times^[29]	Jan. 30–31, 1988	–	8%	4%	–	18%	16%	6%	48%
February 8: Iowa caucus
February 16: New Hampshire primary
CBS News/New York Times^[b]^[31]	Feb. 17–21, 1988	1%	21%	12%	8%	10%	13%	6%	30%
March 8: Super Tuesday
CBS News/New York Times^[31]	Mar. 19–22, 1988	–	29%	8%	14%	–	22%	6%	21%

Head-to-head polling

Poll source	Publication	Sample size	Margin of error	Mario Cuomo	Gary Hart	Lee Iacocca	Jesse Jackson	Other/Undecided
Gallup^[32]	June 9–16, 1986	452 RV	±6.0%	30%	55%	–	—	15%
				–	59%	28%	—	13%
				—	75%	–	14%	11%

Statewide and regional polling

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South

Poll source	Dates	Sample size	Margin of error	Bruce Babbitt	Joe Biden	Mario Cuomo	Michael Dukakis	Dick Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	Paul Simon	Other/Undecided
Atlanta Journal-Constitution^[33]^[c]	Sep. 18–28, 1987	6,452 A	±2.0%	3%	3%	–	9%	5%	13%	–	27%	5%	35%^[d]
Atlanta Journal-Constitution^[33]^[c]	Sep. 18–28, 1987	6,452 A	±2.0%	–	–	17%	–	–	–	27%	11%	–	45%^[e]

California

Poll source	Dates	Sample size	Margin of error	Bruce Babbitt	Joe Biden	Michael Dukakis	Dick Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	Paul Simon	Other/Undecided
Teichner/Sacramento Bee^[34]	May 8–9, 1987	510 RV	±4.0%	3%	4%	5%	2%	2%	34%	9%	2%	39%
Teichner/Sacramento Bee^[34]	May 8–9, 1987	510 RV	±4.0%	2%	4%	8%	5%	5%	–	13%	3%	40%

Maryland

Poll source	Dates	Sample size	Margin of error	Bruce Babbitt	Joe Biden	Michael Dukakis	Dick Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	Paul Simon	Other/Undecided
Savitz Research Center^[35]	October 9–14, 1987	559 RV	±4.0%	2%	–	12%	5%	6%	–	35%	6%	35%^[f]

New Hampshire

Poll source	Dates	Sample size	Margin of error	Bruce Babbitt	Joe Biden	Mario Cuomo	Michael Dukakis	Dick Gephardt	Al Gore	Gary Hart	Jesse Jackson	Chuck Robb	Paul Simon	Other/Undecided
Bannon Research^[36]	Sep.–Oct. 1986	501 LV	±5.0%	1%	1%	26%	–	1%	–	47%	6%	1%	–	19%
Bannon Research^[36]	Sep.–Oct. 1986	501 LV	±5.0%	1%	1%	19%	27%	1%	—	33%	3%	–	–	17%

Pre-primary events

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The Hart-Rice affair

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Former U.S. SenatorGary Hart delivers a speech in 1987. Hart was the runner-up for the 1984 Democratic nomination and front-runner for 1988, but his campaign faltered and collapsed after revelations of an extra-marital affair.

The Democratic front-runner for most of 1987 was former Colorado SenatorGary Hart.^[37] Hart had made a strong showing in the1984 primaries and, after Mondale's defeat in thepresidential election, had positioned himself as the moderate centrist many Democrats felt their party would need to win.^[38]

However, questions and rumors about possible extramarital affairs and about past debts dogged Hart's campaign.^[39] One of the great myths is that Senator Hart challenged the media to "put a tail" on him and that reporters then took him up on that challenge. In fact, Hart had toldE. J. Dionne ofThe New York Times that if reporters followed him around, they would "be bored". However, in a separate investigation, theMiami Herald claimed to have received an anonymous tip from a friend ofDonna Rice that Rice was involved with Hart. It was only after Hart had been discovered that the Herald reporters found Hart's quote in a pre-print ofThe New York Times Magazine.^[40]

On May 8, 1987, a week after the Donna Rice story broke, Hart dropped out of the race.^[39]

In December 1987, Hart surprised many politicalpundits by resuming his presidential campaign.^[41] He again led in the polls for the Democratic nomination, both nationally and in Iowa. However, the allegations ofadultery and reports of irregularities in his campaign financing had delivered a fatal blow to his candidacy, and he fared poorly in the early primaries before dropping out again.^[42]

The Hart scandal would later be depicted in the 2018 filmThe Front Runner, withHugh Jackman portraying Hart.

Biden plagiarism scandals

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SenatorJoe Biden was another early contender who was forced to withdraw before the primaries when multiple plagiarism scandals derailed his candidacy.

Delaware SenatorJoe Biden leda highly competitive campaign which ended in controversy after he was accused ofplagiarizing a speech byNeil Kinnock, then-leader of theBritish Labour Party.^[43] Though Biden had correctly credited the original author in all speeches but one, the one of which he failed to make mention of the originator was caught on video and sent to the press by members of the Dukakis campaign. In the video Biden is filmed repeating a stump speech by Kinnock, with only minor modifications.Michael Dukakis later acknowledged that his campaign was responsible for leaking the tape, and two members of his staff resigned.^[44]

It was also discovered that Biden had been guilty of plagiarism years before, while a student at theSyracuse University College of Law in the 1960s. Though Biden professed his integrity, the impression lingering in the media as the result of this double punch would lead him to drop out of the race.^[44] He formally suspended his campaign on September 28, 1987.

TheDelaware Supreme Court's Board on Professional Responsibility would later clear Biden of the law school plagiarism charges.^[45]

After campaigns in2008 and2020, Biden was elected the 47th vice president in2008 and2012 and the 46th president in2020.

Endorsements

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Main article:Endorsements in the 1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Results

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In theIowa caucuses, Gephardt finished first, Simon finished second, and Dukakis finished third. In theNew Hampshire primary, Dukakis finished first, Gephardt finished second, and Simon finished third. Dukakis and Gore campaigned hard against Gephardt with negative ads, and eventually theUnited Auto Workers retracted their endorsement of Gephardt, who was heavily dependent on labor union backing.

In theSuper Tuesday races, Dukakis won six primaries, Gore five, Jackson five and Gephardt one, with Gore and Jackson splitting the southern states. The next week, Simon won Illinois. 1988 is tied with 1992 as the race with the most candidates winning primaries since the McGovern reforms of 1971. Gore's effort to paint Dukakis as too liberal for the general election proved unsuccessful and he eventually withdrew. Jackson focused more on getting enough delegates to make sure African-American interests were represented in the platform than on winning outright.^[46] Dukakis eventually emerged as the party's nominee.

Date^[47]^[48] (daily totals)	Total pledged delegates^[49]	Contest	Delegates won and popular vote						Total
			Michael Dukakis	Jesse Jackson	Al Gore	Paul Simon	Dick Gephardt	Others	Total

February 8	45	Iowa caucus^[50]	12 27,750 (22.2%)	11,000 (8.8%)	80 (0.0%)	15 33,375 (26.7%)	18 39,125 (31.3%)	13,625 (10.9%)	124,955
February 16	16	New Hampshire^[51]^[52]	8 44,112 (35.9%)	9,615 (7.8%)	8,400 (6.8%)	4 21,094 (17.2%)	4 24,513 (19.9%)	15,179 (12.3%)	122,913
February 23	68	Minnesota^[53]	25 8,990 (33.9%)	15 5,270 (19.8%)	274 (1.0%)	13 4,766 (18.0%)	1,970 (7.4%)	5,281 (19.9%)	26,551
February 23	17	South Dakota^[53]	7 22,349 (31.2%)	3,867 (5.4%)	5,993 (7.0%)	3,992 (5.6%)	10 31,184 (43.5%)	4,221 (5.9%)	71,606
February 28	20	Maine primary^[54]	8 3,170 (36.3%)	7 2,722 (31.1%)	139 (1.6%)	378 (4.3%)	282 (3.2%)	2,053 (23.5%)	8,744
March 1	12	Vermont Caucus^[55]	6 582 (41.5%)	6 696 (49.6%)	6 (0.0%)	—	—	120 (8.5%)	1,404
March 5	11	Wyoming caucus^[56]	4 76 (28.1%)	38 (14.1%)	4 88 (32.6%)	6 (2.2%)	3 61 (22.6%)	1 (0.0%)	270
March 8 (Super Tuesday) (1099)	47	Alabama^[57]	31,206 (7.7%)	25 176,764 (43.6%)	22 151,739 (37.4%)	3,063 (0.8%)	30,214 (7.4%)	12,845 (3.2%)	405,831
	32	Arkansas^[58]	8 94,103 (18.9%)	7 85,003 (17.1%)	16 185,758 (37.3%)	9,020 (1.8%)	59,711 (12.0%)	63,949 (12.9%)	497,544
	101	Florida^[59]	68 520,868 (41.1%)	33 254,825 (20.1%)	161,106 (12.7%)	27,592 (2.2%)	182,779 (14.4%)	121,606 (9.6%)	1,268,776
	64	Georgia^[60]	97,179 (15.6%)	29 247,831 (39.8%)	24 201,490 (32.4%)	8,388 (1.3%)	41,489 (6.7%)	26,375 (4.2%)	622,752
	17	Hawaii caucus^[61]	10 2,716	7 1,739	58	46	98	318
	16	Idaho caucus^[62]	7 144	4 73	32	16	3	112
	48	Kentucky^[63]	11 59,433 (18.6%)	9 49,667 (16.6%)	27 145,988 (45.8%)	9,393 (2.9%)	28,982 (9.1%)	25,258 (7.9%)	318,721
	52	Louisiana^[64]	10 95,661 (15.3%)	23 221,522 (35.4%)	18 174,971 (28.0%)	5,153 (0.8%)	67,029 (10.7%)	60,683 (9.7%)	625,019
	56	Maryland^[65]	34 242,479 (47.0%)	22 152,642 (29.6%)	46,063 (8.9%)	16,013 (3.1%)	42,059 (8.2%)	16,631 (3.2%)	515,887
	93	Massachusetts^[66]	71 418,256 (58.6%)	22 133,385 (18.7%)	31,631 (4.4%)	26,176 (3.7%)	72,943 (10.2%)	31,552 (4.4%)	713,943
	40	Mississippi^[67]	1 29,941 (8.3%)	24 160,651 (44.7%)	15 120,364 (33.5%)	2,118 (0.6%)	19,693 (5.5%)	26,650 (7.4%)	359,417
	71	Missouri^[68]	61,303 (11.6%)	18 106,386 (20.2%)	14,549 (2.8%)	21,433 (4.1%)	53 305,287 (57.8%)	18,857 (3.6%)	527,815
	12	Nevada caucus^[69]	3 427	3 382	4 491	20	33	2 285
	68	North Carolina^[70]	16 137,993 (20.3%)	25 224,177 (33.0%)	27 235,669 (34.7%)	8,032 (1.2%)	37,553 (5.5%)	36,534 (5.4%)	679,958
	39	Oklahoma^[71]	9 66,278 (16.9%)	52,417 (13.3%)	20 162,584 (41.4%)	6,901 (1.8%)	10 82,596 (21.0%)	21,951 (5.6%)	392,727
	20	Rhode Island^[72]	16 34,159 (70.0%)	4 7,369 (15.1%)	1,932 (4.0%)	1,392 (2.9%)	2,013 (4.1%)	1,958 (4.0%)	48,823
	56	Tennessee^[73]	19,348 (3.4%)	12 119,248 (20.7%)	44 416,861 (72.3%)	2,647 (0.5%)	8,470 (1.5%)	9,740 (1.7%)	576,314
	145	Texas^[74]	61 579,713	46 433,335	38 357,764	34,499	240,158	121,576
	62	Virginia^[75]	15 80,183 (22.0%)	32 164,709 (45.1%)	15 81,419 (22.3%)	7,045 (1.9%)	15,935 (4.4%)	15,608 (4.3%)	364,899
	53	Washington^[76]	29 3,784	24 3,083	166	300	78	1,074
	6	American Samoa caucus^[77]	4 (39%)	(7%)	—	—	2 (22%)	(32%)
March 10	10	Alaska caucus^[78]	3 774	4 882	48	18	15	791
March 12	36	Colorado caucus^[79]	17 4,852	13 3,720	307	14	—	6 1,867
March 12	37	South Carolina^[80]	1,018	22 8,114	7 2,777	36	307	8 2,853
March 15	160	Illinois^[81]	29 245,289	57 484,233	77,265	74 635,219	35,108	23,816
March 19	34^[g]	Kansas caucus^[82]	15 278	13 235	7 125	—	12	114
March 20	40	Puerto Rico^[83]	11 70,733	13 87,757	7 45,361	9 57,639	9,159	3,753
March 26	127	Michigan caucus^[84]	45 61,674	82 113,777	4,253	4,466	27,222	326
March 29^[85]	63^[86]	Connecticut^[87]	35 (58%)	17 (28%)	(8%)	(1%)	—	11^[h] (5%)
April 5	81^[88]	Wisconsin^[89]	44 (47%)	24 (30%)	13 (17%)	(5%)	—	(1%)
April 16	36^[90]	Arizona caucus^[91]	(54%)	(38%)	(5%)	(1%)	—	(2%)
April 18	15^[92]	Delaware caucus^[93]	51.5 (27.3%)	86.5 (45.8%)	4 (2.1%)	—	—	47 (24.9%)
April 19	243^[i]	New York^[94]	142 801,457	87 585,076	5 157,559	17,011	–	14,083
April 25	23	Utah caucus^[95]	19 (72%)	4 (15%)	–	–	–	(13%)
April 26	161	Pennsylvania^[96]	114 1,002,480	47 411,260	44,542	9,692	7,254	32,462
May 3	79^[97]	Indiana^[98]	63 (70%)	16 (22%)	(3%)	(2%)	(3%)	—
	159^[99]	Ohio^[100]	115 (63%)	41 (27%)	(2%)	(1%)	–	3 (7%)^[j]
	16^[101]	Washington, D.C.^[102]	3 (18%)	13 (80%)	(1%)	(1%)	–	—
May 10	25	Nebraska^[103]	18 (63%)	7 (26%)	(1%)	(1%)	(3%)	(6%)
May 10	37	West Virginia^[104]	36 (75%)	1 (13%)	(3%)	(1%)	(2%)	(6%)
May 17	45	Oregon^[105]	27 (57%)	18 (38%)	(1%)	(1%)	(2%)	(1%)
June 7	272	California^[106]	173 1,910,808	99 1,102,093	56,645	43,771	–	25,417
	19^[107]	Montana^[108]	15 (69%)	4 (22%)	(2%)	(1%)	(3%)	(3%)
	100	New Jersey^[109]	66 414,829	34 213,705	18,062	—	—	7,706
	24	New Mexico^[110]	16 (61%)	8 (28%)	(3%)	(2%)	–	(6%)
June 14	?	North Dakota^[111]	(85%)	(15%)	–	–	–	–
Total^[112]			1,427 10,024,101 (42.37%)	1,046 6,941,816 (29.34%)	307 3,190,992 (13.49%)	115 1,452,331 (6.14%)	98 1,107,692 (4.68%)	30 940,431 (3.98%)

Convention and general election

[edit]

Main articles:1988 Democratic National Convention and1988 United States presidential election

TheDemocratic Party Convention was held inAtlanta, Georgia, July 18–21. The Dukakis nominating speech delivered by Arkansas governor and future presidentBill Clinton was widely criticized as too long and tedious.^[113]

Texas State Treasurer Ann Richards, (whotwo years later became thestate governor in 1990), delivered a memorable keynote address in which she uttered the lines "Poor George [Bush], he can't help it, he was born with a silver foot in his mouth." Six years later, Bush's sonGeorge W. Bush woulddeny Richards re-election as Texas Governor in 1994.

With most candidates having withdrawn and asking their delegates to vote for Dukakis, the tally for president was as follows:^[114]

Michael Dukakis - 2,877 (70.09%)
Jesse Jackson - 1,219 (29.70%)
Richard Stallings - 3 (0.07%)
Joe Biden - 2 (0.05%)
Dick Gephardt - 2 (0.05%)
Lloyd Bentsen - 1 (0.02%)
Gary Hart - 1 (0.02%)

Jesse Jackson's campaign believed that since they had come in a respectable second, Jackson was entitled to the vice presidential spot. Dukakis refused, and gave the spot toLloyd Bentsen.

Bentsen was selected in large part to secure the state of Texas and its large electoral vote for the Democrats. During the vice-presidential debate, Republican candidate and SenatorDan Quayle ignored a head-on confrontation with Bentsen (aside from the"Jack Kennedy" comparison) and spent his time attacking Dukakis.

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^ePoll combines first- and second-choice responses.
^This poll intentionally oversampled voters in border and Southern states in advance of Super Tuesday.
^Poll of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessse, Texas, and Virginia.
^Including 5% for Pat Schroeder.
^Including 14% for Sam Nunn.
^12% for "someone else."
^The delegate totals add up to 35.
^Only 52 of the 63 delegates were awarded via the primary vote according to the article sourced.
^The delegate total adds up to 234.
^1 delegate each for favorite sons Rep.James Traficant,Douglas Applegate and since-withdrawn candidateGary Hart

References

[edit]

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^John Dillin for The Christian Science Monitor. 23 February 1987Cuomo's `no' opens door for dark horses
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^Associated Press, in the Los Angeles Times. 13 March 1988Quits Campaign : 'The People 'Have Decided,' Hart Declares
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^"Jackson wins in Michigan".Google News Search Archive. Lawrence Journal-World. March 27, 1988. pp. 1A, 13A. Retrieved7 November 2017.
^"Dukakis says victory boosts his campaign".Google News Search Archive. The Nashua Telegraph. March 30, 1988. pp. 1, 16. Retrieved12 November 2023.
^"With big win, Dukakis drive back in gear".Google News Search Archive. Ellensburg Daily Record. March 30, 1988. p. 8. Retrieved12 November 2023.
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^"Democrats stump as New York primary nears".Google News Search Archive. Lakeland Ledger. April 17, 1988. p. 5A. Retrieved23 September 2023.Arizona Democrats, whose favorite son, former Gov. Bruce Babbitt, was an early casualty in the Democratic race, held caucuses on Saturday to allocate 36 delegates.
^"Our Campaigns - AZ US President - D Caucus Race - Apr. 16, 1988".Our Campaigns.
^"White Catholics Hold Key in New York".Google News Search Archive. Eugene Register-Guard. April 19, 1988. p. 3A. Retrieved23 September 2023.The delegates selected Monday will attend the state convention May 23, where Delaware's 15 national convention delegates will be chosen.
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^Hallett, Joe (May 4, 1988)."Dukakis Landslide Buries Jackson in Ohio, Indiana; MARTA Levy Wins Easily".Google News Search Archive. Toledo Blade. pp. 1A, 4A. Retrieved23 September 2023.Mr. Ravolo projected that Mr. Dukakis won 115 of the 159 Ohio delegates up for grabs, with Mr. Jackson garnering 41.
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^"Dukakis wins Indiana, Bayh Overwhelms Rival".Google News Search Archive. Toledo Blade. May 4, 1988. p. 4A. Retrieved23 September 2023.Mr. Jackson, who hadn't won a primary since March 20 in Puerto Rico, gained 13 delegates in the district, and Mr. Dukakis, 3.
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External links

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