| 1988 IRA attacks in Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| Part ofthe Troubles | |
  Roermond Nieuw-Bergen 1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands (Netherlands) | |
| Location | 51°12′0″N5°59′0″E / 51.20000°N 5.98333°E /51.20000; 5.98333 Roermond andNieuw-Bergen,Limburg,Netherlands |
| Date | 1 May 1988 |
| Target | RAF personnel |
Attack type | Shooting, bombing |
| Deaths | 3 |
| Injured | 3 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional IRA |
TheProvisional IRA carried out two separate attacks on 1 May 1988 against British military personnel in theNetherlands which resulted in the deaths of threeRAF members and another three being injured.[1] It was the worst attack suffered by the British security forces duringThe Troubles from 1969 to 1998 in mainlandEurope.[2][3]
1988 was one of the worst years ofthe Troubles conflict in terms of violence during the 1980s. It saw an increase in IRA activity, a new campaign ofsectarian killings byloyalist paramilitaries, and a heavy response by theBritish Army to IRA attacks. On 6 March theSASshot dead 3 IRA members in Gibraltar. On 16 March at the funerals of the IRAvolunteers shot inGibraltar, a loyalist UDAvolunteer killed an IRA member, Kevin Brady, as well as 2 civilians and injured dozens of other people in agrenade and gun attack atMilltown cemetery inBelfast. At Brady's funeral, two plain clothed, off-duty, British Army corporals were cornered by an angry crowd who assumed they were under attack and theIRA killed both of them. In May, the UVF killed 3 Catholic civilians and injured 9 in a gun attack in a Belfast pub.[4] On 15 June, 7 people were killed, first 6 British soldiers were killed in theLisburn van bombing and then the IRA shot dead a UVF member.[5]
On 7 July, an IRA member and 2 civilians were killed in a premature bomb explosion.[6] Later that month on 23 July the IRA killed a family of three in a botched operation in Armagh.[7] On 20 August the IRA killed 8 British soldiers and injured a further 28 in theBallygawley bus bombing, this was the worst attack suffered by the British army since 1982. Ten days later on 30 August the SAS shot dead 3 more IRA Volunteers atDrumnakilly.[8] One day later 3 civilians were killed when somebody triggered an IRA booby-trap bomb by mistake.[9] Twenty-nine people were killed in the month of August alone.[10] 104 people died in 1988 compared to 61 in 1986 and 57 in 1985. It was the worst year since 1982 when 110 people were killed.[11]
The IRA and other Republican paramilitaries such as theIrish National Liberation Army (INLA) had been carrying out attacks against British military personnel and British diplomats onmainland Europe since the mid-1970s. Prominent attacks included:
The first attack of 1 May 1988 took place in the market ofRoermond city, a popular social centre for British military personnel in the southeastern part of the Netherlands on theWest German border. Two enlistedRoyal Air Force members from theRAF Regiment based atRAF Wildenrath in Germany were sitting in a parked car near their base at around 01:00 am when IRA members fired shots from an automatic rifle into their car, killing one of the airmen (SAC Ian Shinner, 20) and badly injuring his companion. Police on the scene said that at least 23 bullets were fired into the vehicle.
Half an hour later inNieuw-Bergen, about 30 miles north of Roermond, a booby-trap bomb that was placed under the car of four other RAF airmen exploded while they were parked outside a discotheque. The bombing killed two more RAF airmen (John Miller Reid and John Baxter) and injured two others. "The bodies were in such a condition that they could not immediately be identified", police spokesman Louis Steens toldThe Associated Press in Nieuw Bergen.[17] The airmen were based atRAF Laarbruch, about 3 miles (5 km) away across the border in West Germany.[18]
The IRA were able to identify the British military personnel due to the number plates on the cars. In both attacks, the cars being driven by the RAF members hadBritish military licence plates.
The IRA issued a statement from Belfast in relation to the attacks saying: "We have a simple message for [Prime Minister Margaret]Thatcher. Disengage from Ireland and there will be peace. If not, there will be no haven for your military personnel and you will regularly be at airports awaiting your dead."[19] Both the British and Irish governments condemned the attacks.
Many Irish Republicans saw the attacks as revenge for the killings of the three IRA volunteers inGibraltar two months before (seeOperation Flavius). In 1990, two Australian tourists wereshot dead by the IRA in Roermond after being mistaken for British military personnel.
