The1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was acommunist state constitution promulgated by the4th National People's Congress. The offices ofChairman andVice-chairman were officially scrapped under the Constitution after almost 7 years of functional non-existence since thepurge ofLiu Shaoqi.
The 1975 Constitution remained in effect for about three years due to the death ofMao Zedong and the rise ofHua Guofeng the following year, the latter of whom ordered its replacement witha new document to solidify his position as Mao's successor. It was thus the shortest-lived constitution in thehistory of the People's Republic of China.
This Constitution reduced the total number of articles to just thirty, compared to 106 of articles in the1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China.
While the 1954 constitution had previously restricted any mention ofChinese Communist Party to preamble, leaving a document with a nominally liberal democratic text, the 1975 Constitution witnessed an integration (in part) of party and state. The Constitution states that thePeople's Liberation Army, the armed services of the PRC, is to be controlled by theChairman of the Chinese Communist Party and that the right to nominate thePremier of the State Council belongs to theCentral Committee of the Communist Party. Such linkage between party and state would no longer be seen in later Constitutions, particularly after 1982. The most significant link, however, came in Article 2, which stated that the Chinese Communist Party was the leading force of the Chinese people.
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