 Soldiers at theEstadio Nacional in September 1973 during its use as a concentration camp | |||||||
| Event | 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Chile won onwalkover and qualified for the1974 FIFA World Cup[note 1] | |||||||
| First leg | |||||||
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| Date | 26 September 1973 (1973-09-26) | ||||||
| Venue | Central Lenin Stadium,Moscow | ||||||
| Referee | Armando Marques (Brazil) | ||||||
| Attendance | 48,891 | ||||||
| Second leg | |||||||
| |||||||
| Awarded[note 1] | |||||||
| Date | 21 November 1973 (1973-11-21) | ||||||
| Venue | Estadio Nacional,Santiago | ||||||
| Referee | Erich Linemayr (Austria) | ||||||
| Attendance | 15,000 | ||||||
←1962 1978 → | |||||||
The 1973 play-off for a place in the1974 FIFA World Cup inWest Germany, between the nationalfootball teams of theSoviet Union andChile, is notable for the political circumstances that marked the second leg of the play-off on 21 November 1973. It was scheduled to take place in theEstadio Nacional de Chile inSantiago, the Chilean capital. There had beena coup d'état in Chile two months before, whereupon people deemed undesirable to the new regime ofAugusto Pinochet had been held captive and executed in the stadium. TheSoviet Union askedFIFA to find a different venue in Chile; when agreement could not be reached, the Soviet team did not take the field and was disqualified from the tournament, giving the Chilean team a victory bywalkover. However, the match was still organised by FIFA as normal, but without any away team present. Chile scored 1–0 in an empty goal, and then the referee blew the game off. Chile advanced to the 1974 World Cup, where they were eliminated in the first round.
Salvador Allende had been elected to power in Chile in 1970, butwas overthrown by Augusto Pinochet in a coup d'état in September 1973, during which thousands of people deemed undesirable by the new regime were taken to theEstadio Nacional in Santiago, tortured and killed; this continued until 7 November. The football match between the Soviet Union and Chile in the same stadium was scheduled for 21 November.
The Soviet's qualification started on 13 October 1972 with a 1–0 loss toFrance, away inParis. Five days later they facedthe Republic of Ireland inDublin and won 2–1. Their home matches were played in May 1973. On 13 May they won against the Irish by 1–0, and thirteen days later beat the French 2–0 with both goals coming in the last ten minutes. Rather than having the worst record among group winners, placingSoviet Union in the play-off was simply decided through allocation to Group 9 -Europe (UEFA). Despite 32 UEFA nations participating in the qualifying group stage, UEFA oddly chose to allocate only 3 teams to 4 of the 9 groups, instead of having 8 groups of 4 teams.
Chile was placed in Group 3 of theCONMEBOL qualification alongsidePeru andVenezuela although the Venezuelans withdrew. On 29 April 1973 Chile was defeated 2–0 by the Peruvians in Lima. In the home game on 13 May 1973 Chile won 2–0, making both teams equal on points and goal difference. A play-off was held on neutral ground inMontevideo,Uruguay, where Chile triumphed 2–1 to face the Soviets by having the worst record among group winners.
Soviet Union  | 0–0 |  Chile |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
      Soviet Union |   Chile |
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After the coup, the new regime had banned all Chileans from leaving the country: in addition due to itsanti-communism it did not have a favourable view of the national team playing in the homeland of its staunch enemy. However, at the same time it was desirable to portray an image of normality, so the Pinochet regime let the national team travel on the condition that no one made political statements, since their relatives were under military surveillance. Some of the team members, like Véliz or Caszely, were politically close to the Allende government. In addition, the Soviet Union, an ally of the overthrown government, had condemned the military coup and did not recognise the new government, with which it broke diplomatic relations.[1]
At Moscow airport no Chilean authority received the team.[2] In addition,Elías Figueroa andCarlos Caszely were detained by the immigration authorities for alleged irregularities in their passports.[3]Leonardo Véliz told the Chilean newspaper La Tercera that "In Moscow, I was approached by a Chilean student fromLumumba University, the son of a communist militant. I told him to forget to return to Chile, because any red dye was going to be a danger to his integrity".[2]
The first leg was played inMoscow on 26 September, two weeks after the coup, which brought a political dimension to the match. The Soviet authorities banned the entry of journalists and cameras into the stadium.[1] It was a very tense game that was almost cancelled due to rumours of arrests of Chilean players in exchange for the release of political prisoners.[4] The final result was a goalless draw.[5][6]
The Soviet government and media were humiliated by the result, hoping for an easy victory on home soil.[7]
| Chile | 2–0 Awarded[note 1] | Soviet Union |
|---|---|---|
| Report |
In the face of criticism of the regime regarding abuses against detainees, theFootball Federation of Chile suggested other scenarios, but the military junta, in an effort to improve the climate of opinion, insisted on demonstrating normality and at the same time defeating communism playing on home ground.[1][7] The Russians demanded to play the game in a neutral country, which both Chile and FIFA rejected.[4]
FIFA established a commission that inspected the National Stadium, which had been prepared for the occasion but which still had about 7,000 detainees. According to testimony of Gregorio Mena Barrales, a politician imprisoned in that stadium, that commission "visited the field, walked around the court, looked with distant eyes at the prisoners and gave the opinion: In the stadium you could play."[1] While the FIFA commission examined the stadium, the detainees were hidden inside. Before the match, the detainees were transferred to a detention site in theAtacama Desert.[7]
But the Soviets never travelled, claiming political and security issues,[3] arguing that the National Stadium was an illegal detention centre where more than 7000 political prisoners were crowded and where many dissidents were tortured after the coup d'état against Salvador Allende. The USSR's decision was supported by several ofits allied countries, especially by East Germany which was already qualified and threatened not to appear at the World Cup event.[4] The Soviets sent a letter to FIFA explaining that "For moral considerations, Soviets can not at this time play in the stadium of Santiago, splashed with the blood of the Chilean patriots".[1][8]
Chile demanded a compensation of $300,000 if the Soviets did not appear, claiming that they could not place the tickets for sale and the cost of preparing the game.[4]FIFA declared the match a 2–0walkover victory for Chile. However, FIFA arranged for the match to be held anyway. The match was attended by only 15,000 people.[3] The game lasted 30 seconds, which took the Chilean team to score a goal from the kickoff.[1] When they arrived in the area, as they had agreed, it was the captain,Francisco "Chamaco" Valdés, who scored the empty goal.[3]
The Chileans were drawn alongside the hostsWest Germany and two first-time entrants:East Germany andAustralia. In the first game, Chile lost 1–0 to West Germany, the goal being scored byPaul Breitner in the first half.Sergio Ahumada equalised for Chile in the second game to draw against the East Germans, but a 0–0 draw to Australia eliminated Chile from the World Cup. The two German teams advanced.
A period of decline started for the Soviets as they also missed out on the1978 FIFA World Cup and theUEFA European Championships of1976 and1980.
