Nieuwe Pekela | |
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 Drawing bridge: de Ommelanderklap | |
 Flag | |
  Nieuwe Pekela Nieuwe Pekela (Netherlands) Show map of Netherlands | |
| Coordinates:53°4′43″N6°57′51″E / 53.07861°N 6.96417°E /53.07861; 6.96417 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Groningen |
| Municipality | Pekela |
| Established | 1704 |
| Area | |
• Total | 11.27 km2 (4.35 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 3,855 |
| • Density | 342.1/km2 (885.9/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 9663 |
| Area code | 0597 |
Nieuwe Pekela (Gronings:Nij Pekel) is a village in theDutch province ofGroningen. It is located in the municipality ofPekela, about 7 km southeast ofVeendam.[2] The village started as apeat colony, and was named after the riverPekel A.[3] During the 19th century, the village was active in the maritime trade, and contains a museum dedicated to the maritime history. In December 1969, the first womenstrike of the Netherlands occurred in Nieuwe Pekela.
In the 1590s, the Friesche Compagnie (Frisian Company) was founded to exploit thepeat in the area. In 1599, theraised bog around the RiverPekel A was bought and subdivided in 101 lots. Houses were built along the river for the workers.[4] In 1635, it became part of theGroninger Peat Colonies [nl], and was controlled by thecity of Groningen as a colony.[5][6] In 1704, thelinear settlement was split intoOude Pekela (Old) and Nieuwe Pekela (New),[7] because a secondDutch Reformed Church was built.[3]
In 1801, all towns and villages had to be governed by amunicipality, and the peat colony came to an end.[8] In 1808, Nieuwe Pekela was home to 3,299 people.[9] In 1810, afterNapoleon annexed theBatavian Republic, Nieuwe Pekela became a separatecommune and a mayor was appointed the next year.[10]
In 1877, the Pekel A was extended toStadskanaal and was no longer a dead end.[7] The part of the river from Oude Pekela to Stadskanaal was later renamedPekelderdiep [nl].[11]
Nieuwe Pekela was a separate municipality until 1990, when it merged withOude Pekela to form the new municipality ofPekela.[12]
The peat industry started to attract workers from neighbouring Germany who brought their own form of Protestantism: theLutheran church. The closest church was inWinschoterzijl which was four hours by foot. A ship was quicker, however it was not always possible during the winter.[13]
In 1762, a Lutheran church was constructed in Nieuwe Pekela. The church burned down in 1865, but was rebuilt in 1868. It was declared a monument in 2000.[14][15] Since the late 20th century, attendance of the Lutheran church is in decline, and they nowadays cooperate with the Dutch Reformed Church and often have joint services.[13]
The river Pekel A connected Nieuwe Pekela with theDollart and theWadden Sea.[4] Around 1800, the peat became exhausted, and the skippers started to make longer journeys, to Holland, and later to England, the Baltic and the Mediterranean.[16] At first the maritime industry flourished, but the increasing popularity of thesteamship resulted in a gradual decline.[16]
In 1975,Bram Westers [nl], the former Director of theGroninger Museum, bought the former residential home of Captain Kornelis Jans Boon. The building dates from 1799 and was one of the few captain's homes in original condition. In 1989, Westers, who had retired from the Groninger Museum, started to transform the house into a museum.[17]
The museum opened in 1990, and provides an overview of the maritime history of the region.[16][18] There is a large collection of pottery and paintings collected by the skippers of the Pekelas. There is a special emphasis on the many gold and silver objects acquired during the journeys.[18] A part of the house was still used as a residence. In 2006, the whole building became a museum.[16]
In 1920, the cigar factory Albatros was founded in Nieuwe Pekela. AfterWorld War II, it was renamedChamp Clark, after an American politician.[19] The 18-year-old GrietjeSchoonhoven was employed at the factory, and discovered that her male colleagues had been given a raise while the salary of the women had remained the same. The women twice went to the management who refused to raise their salary.[20]
On 15 December 1969, the 30 women employed at Champ Clark decided to call awildcat strike, and demandedequal pay. They became the first women in the history of the Netherlands to go on strike.[20][21][22][23] The factory threatened to fire them, however the women went toFré Meis of theCommunist Party (CPN) who had previously organised successful strikes in neighbouring Oude Pekela. Meis brought in the union.[23][21]
The union started negotiating with the management of factory. After four weeks, the strike was called off, because the women received a raise fromƒ35 to ƒ58 per week, but also the men received a raise from ƒ45 to ƒ58, because they too had been paid less than thecollective agreement for the tobacco industry.[23][21]
An additional result of the strike was that the unions decided that regional differences in pay were no longer considered acceptable, and that women and men should get equal pay.[21] However, the union members who were members of the Communist Party were disbarred from the union. The list of names was supplied by theBinnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst, the Dutch intelligence agency.[20] The cigar factory closed in 1971.[19]
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~8.5 km by car
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