| 1963 | |
|---|---|
 1963 #1 cover, featuring Mystery Incorporated. Art byRick Veitch andDave Gibbons. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Image Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Limited series |
| Genre | |
| Publication date | April – October1993 |
| No. of issues | 6 |
| Main character(s) | See Characters |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Alan Moore |
| Penciller(s) | Rick Veitch Steve Bissette |
| Inker(s) | |
| Letterer(s) | Don Simpson John Workman |
| Colorist(s) | Rick Veitch (credited as Marvin Kilroy) Anthony Tollin |
| Collected editions | |
| Book One: Mystery Incorporated | ISBN 1-5501-3062-5 |
| Book Two: No One Escapes… the Fury | ISBN 1-5638-9880-2 |
| Book Three: Tales of the Uncanny | ISBN 0-203-87131-6 |
| Book Four: Tales from Beyond | ISBN 8-8344-0547-1 |
| Book Five: Horus, Lord of Light | ISBN 0-9710-2495-2 |
| Book Six: The Tomorrow Syndicate | ISBN 0-9710-2496-0 |
1963 is an American six-issuecomic booklimited series written byAlan Moore in 1993, with art by his frequent collaboratorsSteve Bissette,John Totleben, andRick Veitch.Dave Gibbons,Don Simpson, andJim Valentino also contributed art.Image Comics published the series.
The six issues are an homage to theSilver Age ofAmerican comics (in particular, the earlyMarvel Comics), and feature spoof text pieces and advertisements.
Ashcans for the characters were created in 1992 before the series was announced in Spring 1993,[1] and marked Alan Moore's return to superhero comics after announcing his retirement from the genre in 1989, with1963 as a banner title for six one-shots –Mystery Incorporated,The Fury,Tales of the Uncanny,Tales from Beyond,Horus – Lord of Light andThe Tomorrow Syndicate, to be followed by an 80-page1963 Annual drawn byJim Lee.[2] His initial intention was to create old-fashioned Silver Age-style heroes to contrast with the grimmer characters that made up Image Comics' output at that point, with a direct crossover in the concluding annual. His train of thought was that in a Silver Age morality, the likes ofSpawn andShadowhawk would have been considered villains for their violent methods, but also felt it would show evolving gender roles in the medium. While Moore had long fallen out with both Marvel and their rival DC, he remained fond of their Silver Age output. The series was assigned toJim Valentino'sShadowline imprint.[3]
Moore worked with several artists he had previously collaborated with on the series – notably having worked alongside Bissette, Veitch and Totleben on his acclaimedSaga of the Swamp Thing run. All involved worked for low page rates, hoping to profit from long-term royalties for the creator-owned work.[4] In addition to the comic stories being pastiches of the Silver Age material ofStan Lee andJack Kirby, the issues featured additional pages parodying the material found in Marvel comics of the period. Each creator was given bombastic, alliterative nicknames – 'Affable' Al, 'Sturdy' Steve, 'Roarin' Rick and 'Jaunty John' – while the "Sixty-Three Sweatshop" column mirrored the style and content of Lee's "Bullpen Bulletins"/"Stan's Soapbox" columns, with the letters pages also containing fake missives in the style of those from the period, complete with replies from 'Al'. Also included were mock contemporary advertisements, satirising many of the services displayed in comics of the time such asCharles Atlas' fitness programmes. The parody was not entirely affectionate; 'Affable' Al was implied to be an amoral self-promoter and credit-hog, referencing Lee and Marvel's legal disputes with Kirby andSteve Ditko while vociferously defending hiswork for hire policy. Al also advertised his bookHow I Created Everything All By Myself and Why I Am Great – a reference to Lee's ownOrigins of Marvel Comics, which has been criticised for overplaying the writer's part in the fertile Marvel Silver Age at the expense of his collaborators.[5] The series even went as far as to use newsprint stock to replicate the feel of 1960s comics, rather than the high-quality gloss stock used by other Image titles,[6] while the creators also gave in-character interviews to Tom Fields for an issue of British magazineComic Talk.[7]
The six one-shots appeared as scheduled and sold well; the first issue wasDiamond Comic Distributors' 15th best-selling title of June 1993,[8] with the second 29th the following month,[9] the third 68th in June,[10] the fourth 71st in July,[11] the fifth 85th in August[12] and the sixth 87th for September.[13] Bissette recollected the issues sold between 300,000 and 500,000 copies each,[4] earning Bissette and the other contributors a significant amount of money.[14]
However, the annual – slated to feature the1963 characters crossing over with theImage Universe charactersWildC.A.T.s,Spawn,Shadowhawk,Youngblood,Savage Dragon andSupreme – failed to appear. Moore was halfway through writing it when Jim Lee announced he was taking a year-long sabbatical from drawing comics to focus on his growing business role within Image.[15] LettererDon Simpson would later accuse Lee of never planning to work on the annual as part of a plan to sabotage the series.[5] Bissette would later state he felt Valentino had brought Alan Moore to Image in the hope that1963 would function as a gateway for the acclaimed writer working on other Shadowline characters, something which saw the series' creative team caught in a political crossfire as the relationship between the founding Image partners began to fray. Moore himself was rapidly tapped to work on other Image titles includingSpawn,Violator andWildC.A.T.s.[4]
The Tomorrow Syndicate are among the characters to be featured outside of the original limited series inBig Bang Comics #35 (January 2001), while the Fury appeared inShadowhawk #14 (October 1994) andNoble Causes: Family Secrets #3 (December 2002).
Fellow ImageRob Liefeld was planned to work on the annual, but left the company in acrimonious circumstances in 1996 to foundAwesome Comics – meaning none of his characters could be used for1963;[5]Shaft ofYoungblood had featured in the cliffhanger ending to No. 6.[6] Further problems came when Moore fell out with Bissette[16] in 1996 after the writer took offence at comments Bissette had made in an interview inThe Comics Journal #185 (cover dated March 1996). In a 2010 interview withComic Book Resources, Bissette claimed to still be unaware at what exactly had caused the rift,[4] having only found out Moore had taken umbrage through mutual acquaintanceNeil Gaiman; an attempt to find out from Moore himself via phone was met with the curt reply "Right, Steve? I'll keep this short. Don't call me, don't write me, as far as I'm concerned, it's over, mate." – at which point Moore hung up.[14]
Bissette, Moore and Veitch began communicating in 1998 to divide ownership of the various characters created for1963.[4] In 2002,Wizard Magazine included the series in a sidebar of an article on the greatest comic stories never told, noting that it was unlikely to ever be finished.[17] Over the following years Bissette and Veitch worked to create a collected edition of the material, with Moore deigning to contact the pair by email for some time. Asked about the series in 2007,Erik Larsen – one of the founders remaining at Image Comics – stated he felt the "ship may have sailed" for completing the work.[18] Nevertheless, some work continued when the trio could find time. After rejecting what the trio considered a derisive buy-out offer fromDC Comics, they came close to a deal withDynamite Entertainment in January 2009.[4] However, after this collapsed in 2010, Bissette used his blog to announce negotiations had fallen through, and that even a collected edition of the already-published material was unlikely during his lifetime.[19]
In 2022, Simpson announced plans to create his own version of the1963 Annual as a solo work. Fueled by a dispute over a reprint of an unrelated Moore-scripted story which the writer refused to allow his name to be used for,[20] Simpson's cover for the annual featured the strap line 'Fuck "Al"', complete with a caricature of an irate Moore in the corner box. Posting in-progress pages on hisFacebook account, Simpson also included comments that indicated he believed Moore's intransigence and ego were as much responsible for1963's collapse as the oft-blamed Image partners.[5]
Mystery Incorporated test the Mystery Mile's new defence system. Despite their seeming success a hooded stranger arrives inside via the Maybe Machine, and soon afterwards the highly advanced defence system turns on the team. The masked invader captures Kid Dynamo, while Crystal Man deduces the stranger is from a parallel universe. The remaining trio enter the Maybe Machine to recover their team-mate.[21]
The Fury is engaged by Commander Sky Solo of L.A.S.E.R. to escort the secret Cargo X to their headquarters under the United Nations Building. The convoy is attacked by jet-vested Raiders; chasing them down the Fury is also attacked by enemy Voidoid. Cargo X meanwhile turns out to be a cryogenically frozen three-eyed talking dinosaur with opposable thumbs, which escapes and interrupts the fight between the Fury and the Voidoid. The Fury is saved by Solo's intervention and ducks out of the battle to phone his mother, who believes he is at school. He defeats the monster and is able to get back without blowing his secret.[22]
U.S.A. uses his abilities to take the place of President Jack Kennedy in Dallas following a tip-off, drawing out the assassin. However, the would-be assassin vanishes, and U.S.A. finds a brainwashed doppelganger tied up in a book depository. The latter is Leo Harley Osbourne, who was under police observation; the double however seems to have disabled other would-be assassins stationed at the Grassy Knoll. U.S.A. investigates and discovers Osbourne is a member of the Communist Party, recently returned from a trip to Russia. He realises the plot is linked to villain Red Brain, and foils the latter's plan to assassinate Osbourne. However, Red Brain turns the nearby police into brainwashed Communist zombies. U.S.A. is nearly defeated until he is saved by the Osbourne double, who only gives oblique explanations for his actions before disappearing.[23]
The Hypernaut and his twin-headed monkey Queep are relaxing on the Hyperbase behind the Moon when they come under attack from a being from the fourth dimension. Due to the creature's ability to occupy an extra dimension the battle is difficult, and the Hypernaut is seemingly destroyed. However, he preserves his intelligence in his cerebro-sphere and is able to slip between the invader's atoms, disrupting the four-dimensional being and sending it fleeing back to its home dimension. Hypernaut is then able to transfer to a spare body.[24]
The N-Man investigates a high-radiation zone in theYucca Flats. An atomic bomb test has created a pocket of mutant animals and plants. He is attacked by mutated Soviet scientist Grigor Kokarovitch, who traps him in a lake of setting molten glass. N-Man breaks free and Kokarovitch is sucked into a collapsing Neutron Bead at the centre of the zone, while N-Man escapes to safety.[25]
Johnny Beyond encounters a lost woman searching for a bar called The Laundry who speaks strangely and has a telephone in her purse and keeps mentioning feminism. He offers to walk her home but she takes him to his own apartment block. Once inside he is further confused by the plastic cases on her books and coasters in cigarette cases before finding out she is married to an older version of himself called John Behan. In confusion and the woman go outside, only for the house to fold it on itself. She runs back up to find her room inhabited by saxophonist 'Lips' Lincoln. Beyond contacts his mentor Garab Dorje via Necrosphere, who warns them the building is twisted in time. He tries to return everyone to their correct times but he himself is sucked through before he finishes the job.[26]
Horus saves New York from the rampagingTermagant and returns to his civilian guise of academic Professor Falcon. However, after lectures finish he changes back and is spotted by student Janet, who secretes herself in asarcophagus on his Barge from Beyond as he sets off to pay homage toRa.Set attempts to provoke Horus before their bickering is interrupted byIsis. Set however drugs the crew of Ra's barge, leaving the Sun God dormant. Horus boards Ra's barge and guides it through attempted attacks byNehebkau andAstarte, despite the unexpected presence of Janet. She is captured byAnubis but Horus rescues her despite briefly awakeningHerakhty. They guide the barge home regardless, but Janet is put on trial for blasphemy. She is spared whenOsiris himself objects from beyond the grave. Horus returns a sleeping Janet to Midtown College and turns back into Falcon, convincing her the adventure was a dream.[27]
Inframan and Infragirl summon Horus, U.S.A., N-Man, and Hypernaut to the Tomorrow Complex to investigate Voidoid's alien weapons, recovered by the Fury. The team track two sources of similar radiation on Earth, in New York. They travel there in the Tomorrobile, which Infra-Man shrinks so they can go underground to the radiation source, emerging in the Mystery Mile, with the Fury following. They decide to head to the Maybe Machine and see numerous parallel versions of themselves and head to a huge floating complex along with their variants, finding themselves in the Lobby of Alternity. They manage to find out where Mystery Incorporated were heading and set off again in the Tomorrobile and follow them to an alternate Earth, finding evil versions of themselves. The Tomorrow Syndicate are able to escape after defeating their doubles and continue the search before tracking Mystery Incorporated to a "harsh, vivid" world. The hooded stranger meanwhile emerges with the captured Kid Dynamo, revealing himself to beShaft.[28]
Son of World War II hero the Ragin' Fury, Richard 'Rick' Judge takes up the role of the Fury at the behest of his dying father and against the wishes of his mother, who believes he is undertaking a normal school education. The Fury has no powers, instead relying on a pair of wrist-launched discuses. Among his rogues are the Voidoid (whose secret identity is someone who knows Rick in everyday life) and the rest of the Threatening Three (Pyroman and the Dune). He has considerable doubts over choosing to be a hero rather than staying in school and while he claims to have never killed anyone he is distinctly careless in combat, putting numerous foes in potentially lethal situations.[22]
The character is modelled onSpider-Man.[29]
John Behan is capable of projecting anectoplasm version of himself called aTulpa, one of many skills he learnt from Garab Dorje on his path to becoming aNgagpa. Despite being an inhabitant of 1963 he speaks entirely in 1950sbeatnik slang.[26]
The character is based onDoctor Strange.[29]
When an asteroid comes close toEarth, the government sent up physicist Craig Crandall, astronaut Biff Baker and students Tommy Baker and Jeannie Morrow to investigate via rocket. They discover alien statues which transform them into superpowered beings. They form a crimefighting team called Mystery Incorporated and establish an underground base called the Mystery Mile, fighting villains such as Amazonia, Doc Apocalypse and King Zero, becoming popular celebrities for their heroism.[21]
The characters are modelled on theFantastic Four.[29]
A team of superheroes who meet in the Tomorrow Complex, a base inside Mount Rushmore.
The team are based onThe Avengers.
According to Bissette, during negotiations he was the owner of N-Man, the Fury, the Hypernaut and Commander Solo & Her Screamin' Skydogs. He used them as the core of his own 'Naut Universe'.[30]
Reception to1963 has been mixed, though the series was nominated for Best Continuing/Limited Series at the 1994Harvey Awards, losing out toMarvels.[31] Covering the series as part of his review of Moore's career output forTor.com, Tim Callahan was unimpressed by1963, feeling it was one of the writer's weakest projects, feeling the nature of the pastiche was overplayed, especially as there was no payoff due to the lack of a conclusion, noting "even with different names and characters and specific Marvel-homage gags, they are just too much."[6] Cody White of Comic Watch had similar feelings, though he felt that Image being able to hire Moore in the first place was a major landmark in the publisher's history.[32] In an essay printed inAlan Moore – Portrait of an Extraordinary Gentlemen, Darko Macan felt the story was stupid without being "stupid enough".[33] Rohith C of Medium was more positive about the first issue, praising the affectionate parody of Lee/Kirby-eraFantastic Four.[34]
| Early British works | |
|---|---|
| DC Comics | |
| Image Comics / Awesome Comics | |
| America's Best Comics | |
| Avatar Press | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Comics based on Moore's prose | |
| Books | |
| Spoken word CDs | |
| Other | |
| Related people | |
