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1960

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From top to bottom, left to right: TheU-2 incident heightensCold War tensions after a U.S. spy plane is shot down over theSoviet Union; the1960 Summer Olympics are held inRome; the1960 Valdivia earthquake inChile becomes the most powerful ever recorded; theCongo Crisis erupts after independence fromBelgium; Japanese leaderInejirō Asanuma isassassinated amid theAnpo protests inJapan;Alfred Hitchcock’sPsycho premieres, redefining horror cinema; theYear of Africa sees 17 nations gain independence; the1960 New York mid-air collision kills 134, the deadliest U.S. air disaster at the time; and theNew Orleans school desegregation crisis begins withRuby Bridges integrating an all-white school.

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v t e

1960 by topic
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Afghanistan Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Denmark France Germany India Ireland Iran Israel Japan Luxembourg Malaya Mexico New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines Portugal Singapore South Africa South Korea Soviet Union Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States
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v t e

1960 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	1960 MCMLX
Ab urbe condita	2713
Armenian calendar	1409 ԹՎ ՌՆԹ
Assyrian calendar	6710
Baháʼí calendar	116–117
Balinese saka calendar	1881–1882
Bengali calendar	1366–1367
Berber calendar	2910
British Regnal year	8 Eliz. 2 – 9 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2504
Burmese calendar	1322
Byzantine calendar	7468–7469
Chinese calendar	己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4657 or 4450 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4658 or 4451
Coptic calendar	1676–1677
Discordian calendar	3126
Ethiopian calendar	1952–1953
Hebrew calendar	5720–5721
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	2016–2017
-Shaka Samvat	1881–1882
-Kali Yuga	5060–5061
Holocene calendar	11960
Igbo calendar	960–961
Iranian calendar	1338–1339
Islamic calendar	1379–1380
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 35 (昭和３５年)
Javanese calendar	1891–1892
Juche calendar	49
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4293
Minguo calendar	ROC 49 民國49年
Nanakshahi calendar	492
Thai solar calendar	2503
Tibetan calendar	ས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Earth-Boar) 2086 or 1705 or 933 — to — ལྕགས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Rat) 2087 or 1706 or 934

Wikimedia Commons has media related to1960.

1960 (MCMLX) was aleap year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar, the 1960th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini (AD) designations, the 960th year of the2nd millennium, the 60th year of the20th century, and the 1st year of the1960s decade.

Calendar year

It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings ofPan-Africanism.

Events

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January

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Main article:January 1960

January 1 –Cameroon becomes independent from France.^[1]
January 9–11 –Aswan Dam construction begins inEgypt.
January 10 –British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan makes the"Wind of Change" speech for the first time, to little publicity, inAccra,Gold Coast (modern-dayGhana).
January 19 – A revised version of theTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan ("U.S.-Japan Security Treaty" or "Anpo (jōyaku)"), which allows U.S. troops to be based on Japanese soil, is signed in Washington, D.C. by Prime MinisterNobusuke Kishi and PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower. The new treaty is opposed by the massiveAnpo protests in Japan.^[2]
January 21
- Coalbrook mining disaster: A coal mine collapses atHolly Country, South Africa, killing 435 miners.^[3]
- Avianca Flight 671 crashes and burns upon landing at Montego Bay, Jamaica killing 37, the worst air disaster in Jamaica's history and the first for Avianca.^[4]
January 22
- Charles de Gaulle, President of France, dismissesJacques Massu as commander-in-chief of French troops inAlgeria.^[5]
- Jacques Piccard andDon Walsh descend into theMariana Trench in thebathyscapheTrieste, reaching the depth of 10,911 meters (35,797 feet), and become the first human beings to reach the lowest spot on Earth.
January 24 – A major insurrection occurs inAlgiers against French colonial policy.
January 28 - TheNFL bring in two new teams, theDallas Cowboys and theMinnesota Vikings.

February

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Main article:February 1960

February 1: A section of lunch counter from the Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth's where the Greensboro sit-ins began is now preserved in theSmithsonian Institution National Museum of American History

February 8: Hollywood Walk of Fame established

February 1 –Greensboro sit-ins: InGreensboro, North Carolina, four black students fromNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University begin a sit-in at a segregatedWoolworth's lunch counter. Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter. The event triggers many similar non-violent protests throughout theSouthern United States, and six months later the original four protesters are served lunch at the same counter.
February 3 –Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan makes theWind of Change speech to the South African Parliament inCape Town (although he had first made the speech, to little publicity, inAccra,Gold Coast – modern-dayGhana – onJanuary 10).
February 5 – The firstCERN particle accelerator becomes operational inGeneva, Switzerland.
February 8 –Hollywood Walk of Fame is established.
February 10 – A conference about the proposed independence of theBelgian Congo begins inBrussels, Belgium.
February 11 –China–India relations: Twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes withRed Chinese troops along their small common border.
February 13 –Gerboise Bleue: France tests its first atomic bomb, in theSahara Desert ofAlgeria.
February 18 – The1960 Winter Olympics begin at theSquaw Valley Ski Resort inPlacer County, California.
February 26 –Alitalia Flight 618: An airlineren route to New York crashes into a cemetery atShannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.^[6]
February 29 – The 5.7 M_w Agadir Earthquake shakes coastalMorocco with a maximum perceived intensity ofX (Extreme), destroying Agadir and leaving 12,000 dead and another 12,000 injured.

March

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Main article:March 1960

March 5: The iconic picture of Che Guevara^[7]

March 5 –Alberto Korda takes his iconic photograph ofChe Guevara,Guerrillero Heroico, inHavana.
March 6
- Vietnam War: The United States announces that 3,500 American soldiers will be sent toVietnam.
- TheCanton of Geneva in Switzerland gives women the right to vote.
March 17
- Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710 crashes near Tell City, Indiana, killing all 63 on board.
- U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower approves a covertCentral Intelligence Agency plan to train a paramilitary force against Cuba, which will result in the 1961Bay of Pigs Invasion.^[8]
March 21 – TheSharpeville massacre in South Africa results in more than 69 black protesters shot dead by police, 300 injured.
March 22 –Arthur Leonard Schawlow andCharles Hard Townes receive the firstpatent for alaser, in the United States.
March 23 – Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchev meets French PresidentCharles de Gaulle in Paris.
March 29 – "Tom Pillibi" sung by 18-year-oldJacqueline Boyer (music byAndré Popp, lyrics byPierre Cour) wins theEurovision Song Contest 1960 (staged in London) for France.

April

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Main article:April 1960

April 1: TIROS-I prototype on display at the SmithsonianNational Air and Space Museum

April 1
- Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, 1stYang di-Pertuan Agong ofMalaysia, dies in office. He is replaced byHisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah,Sultan ofSelangor.
- The United States launches the firstweather satellite,TIROS-1.
- The1960 United States census begins. There are 179,323,175 U.S. residents on this day.^[9] All people fromLatin America are listed as white, including blacks from theDominican Republic, European whites fromArgentina and Mexicans who resembleNative Americans.
April 4 – At the32nd Academy Awards Ceremony,Ben-Hur wins a record 11Oscars, includingBest Picture.
April 9 – White gunmanDavid Pratt shootsSouth African Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd inJohannesburg, wounding him seriously.
April 12 – Eric Peugeot, the youngest son of the founder of thePeugeot Corporation, is kidnapped in Paris. He is released onApril 15, in exchange for $300,000 in ransom.
April 19 –April Revolution: South Korean students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against PresidentSyngman Rhee, eventually leading him to resign from office.
April 21 – In Brazil, the country's capital (Federal District) is relocated from the city ofRio de Janeiro to the new city,Brasília, in the highlands. The actual city ofRio de Janeiro becomes theState of Guanabara.
April 27 –Togo gains independence from France, with the French-administeredUnited Nations Trust Territory being terminated.

May

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Main article:May 1960

May 1: USSR shoots down U-2 spy plane and captures USAF spy pilot Francis Gary Powers

May 1
- TheU-2 incident: SeveralSoviet surface-to-air missiles shoot down an AmericanLockheed U-2 spy plane. Its pilot,Francis Gary Powers of theCentral Intelligence Agency, is captured.
- In India, this day is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e.,Maharashtra Day (also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day).
May 3 – TheEuropean Free Trade Association (EFTA) is established.
May 4 – West German refugee ministerTheodor Oberländer is dismissed because of hisNazi past.
May 6 – United States PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower signs theCivil Rights Act of 1960 into law.
May 10 – The U.S. nuclear-powered submarineUSS Triton, under the command of CaptainEdward L. Beach Jr., completes the first underwatercircumnavigation of the Earth (codenamedOperation Sandblast).
May 11 – InBuenos Aires, fourMossad agents abduct fugitiveNazi German war criminal Adolf Eichmann in order that he can be taken toIsrael and put on trial. This is announced on May 23 byPrime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion. Eichmann is convicted and executed in 1962.
May 13 – A joint Swiss and Austrian expedition makes the first ascent of the Asian mountainDhaulagiri, the world's 7th highest.
May 14 – The Kenyan African National Congress Party is founded inKenya, when 3 political parties join forces.
May 15 – Thesatellite Sputnik 4 is launched into orbit by theSoviet Union.
May 16
- Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchev demands an apology fromPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower for theU-2 reconnaissance plane flights over theSoviet Union, thus aborting their summit meeting scheduled for Paris this year.
- Theodore Maiman operates the firstlaser.
May 18 –Real Madrid beatEintracht Frankfurt 7–3 atHampden Park,Glasgow, and win the1959–60 European Cup in Association football, their 5th successive victory in the competition.
May 22 – The 9.5M_w Valdivia earthquake affectsChile with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme). Thismegathrust earthquake ruptures fromArauco toChiloé Archipelago, causing the most powerful earthquake on record and a destructive basin-widetsunami.
May 27 – In Turkey,a bloodless military coup d'état removes PresidentCelâl Bayar, and installs GeneralCemal Gürsel as thehead of state.
May 30 –Cemal Gürsel forms the new government ofTurkey (its 24th government, composed mostly of so-called "technocrats").

June

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Main article:June 1960

June 5: Investigating the campers' tent after the Lake Bodom murders in Finland

June 24: Explosion in Paseo Los Próceres, Caracas, during the attempted assassination of Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt

June 1 – New Zealand's firsttelevision station begins broadcasting, in the city ofAuckland.
June 5
- TheLake Bodom murders occur in Finland.
- TheFirst Vatican Council, adjourned in 1870, is officially closed.
June 9 –1960 Pacific typhoon season:Typhoon Mary kills 1,600 people in China.
June 10 –The "Hagerty Incident": As part of the ongoingAnpo protests in Japan against theU.S.-Japan Security Treaty, a car carryingDwight D. Eisenhower's press secretaryJames Hagerty and U.S. Ambassador to JapanDouglas MacArthur II is mobbed by protesters outside of Tokyo'sHaneda Airport, requiring the occupants to be rescued by a U.S. Marine helicopter.^[10]
June 15
- The "June 15 Incident": As part of the massiveAnpo protests against theU.S.-Japan Security Treaty in Japan, radical student activists from theZengakuren student federation attempt to storm theNational Diet compound, precipitating a battle with police in which femaleTokyo University studentMichiko Kanba is killed.^[11]
- TheBC Ferries company, later to become the second-largest ferry operator in the world, commences service betweenTsawwassen andSwartz Bay, British Columbia, Canada.
June 16 – Premiere ofAlfred Hitchcock's landmark thriller filmPsycho in the United States.
June 19 – The newU.S.-Japan Security Treaty is automatically ratified 30 days after passing the Lower House of the Diet.^[12]
June 20
- The short-livedMali Federation, consisting of theSudanese Republic (modern-dayRepublic of Mali) andSenegal, gains independence from France.
- Floyd Patterson becomes the first person to regain the world heavyweight boxing championship, with aknock-out ofIngemar Johansson in New York City.^[13]
June 22 –1960 Quebec general election: the rulingUnion nationale, led byAntonio Barrette, is defeated by theQuebec Liberal Party, led byJean Lesage, beginning the 'Quiet Revolution' in the historically conservative Canadian province.^[14]
June 23 – Japanese prime ministerNobusuke Kishi announces his resignation.
June 24
- Joseph Kasa-Vubu is elected as the first President of the independentDemocratic Republic of the Congo.
- Assassination attempt ofVenezuelan PresidentRómulo Betancourt.
June 26
- TheState of Somaliland (the formerBritish Somaliland protectorate) receives its independence from the United Kingdom. Five days later, it unites as scheduled with theTrust Territory of Somalia (the formerItalian Somaliland), to form theSomali Republic.
- TheMalagasy Republic (Madagascar) becomes independent from France.
June 28 – KingBhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand arrives in Washington, D.C. for a 4-day royal visit to the U.S.
June 30
- TheBelgian Congo receives its independence from Belgium, as theRepublic of the Congo (Léopoldville). Acivil war follows shortly.
- Public demonstrations by democratic and left forces against Italian government support of the post-fascistItalian Social Movement are heavily suppressed by police.

July

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Main article:July 1960

July 1
- Ghana becomes a republic, andKwame Nkrumah becomes its firstPresident.
- Cold War: ASoviet Air Force MiG-19 fighter plane flying north ofMurmansk, Russia, over theBarents Sea, shoots down a six-manRB-47 Stratojet reconnaissance plane of the U.S. Air Force. Four of the U.S. Air Force officers are killed, and the two survivors are held prisoner in theSoviet Union.
- TheTrust Territory of Somaliland (the formerItalian Somaliland) gains its independence from Italy. Concurrently, it unites as scheduled with the five-day-oldState of Somaliland (the formerBritish Somaliland) to form theSomali Republic.
July 3 – TheFrench Grand Prix is won by AustralianJack Brabham driving aCooper T53.^[15]
July 4 – Following the admission of the State of Hawaii as the 50th state in August 1959, the new (and continuing) 50-starflag of the United States is first officially flown overPhiladelphia.
July 10 – TheSoviet Union national football team defeats theYugoslavia national football team 2–1 in Paris to win the firstUEFA European Championship.
July 11 –Congo Crisis:Moise Tshombe declares the Congolese province ofKatanga independent. He requests and receives help from Belgium.
July 12 –Chin Peng is exiled fromMalaysia toThailand, and the Malayanstate of emergency is lifted.
July 14 – TheUnited Nations Security Council decides to send troops to Katanga to oversee the withdrawal of Belgian troops.
July 20 –Ceylon elects Mrs.Sirimavo Bandaranaike as its Prime Minister, the world's first elected femalehead of government (she takes office the following day).
July 21 – English navigatorFrancis Chichester wins the firstSingle-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, arriving inNew York aboardGypsy Moth III having made a record soloAtlantic crossing in 40 days.^[1]
July 25 –The Woolworth Company's lunch counter inGreensboro, North Carolina, the location of a sit-in that hassparked demonstrations byNegroes across theSouthern United States, serves a meal to its first black customer.
July 25–28 – In Chicago, the1960 Republican National Convention nominatesVice President Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the United States, andHenry Cabot Lodge Jr. for vice-president.

August

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Main article:August 1960

August 1 –Dahomey (modern-dayBenin) becomes independent from France.
August 3 –Niger becomes independent from France.
August 5 –Upper Volta (modern-dayBurkina Faso) becomes independent from France.
August 6 – In theRepublic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (later theDemocratic Republic of the Congo),Albert Kalonji declares the independence of the Autonomous State ofSouth Kasai.
August 7
- TheIvory Coast becomes independent from France.
- The world's firststandard gauge passenger preserved railway, theBluebell Railway, opens to the public in southern England.
August 9 – The government ofLaos is overthrown in a coup.
August 11 –Chad becomes independent from France.
August 13 –Ubangi-Shari becomes independent from France, as theCentral African Republic. It later becomes theCentral African Empire.
August 15 –Middle Congo becomes independent from France, as theRepublic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville).
August 16
- The Mediterranean island ofCyprus receives its independence from the United Kingdom.
- Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon overNew Mexico at an altitude of about 102,800 feet (31,300 meters). Kittinger sets world records for: high-altitude jump;free-fall by falling 16.0 miles (25.7kilometers) before opening his parachute; firstspace dive, and fastest speed attained by a human being without mechanical or chemical assistance, about 982 k.p.h (614 m.p.h.). Kittinger survives more or less uninjured. He is also the first man to make a solo crossing of theAtlantic Ocean in a gas balloon, and the first man fully to witness the spherical curvature of theEarth. (Felix Baumgartner breaks his space diving record in2012.)
August 17
- The newly namedBeatles begin a 48-night residency at the Indra Club inHamburg,West Germany.
- Gabon becomes independent from France.
- The trial of AmericanU-2 pilotFrancis Gary Powers begins in Moscow.
August 19 – In theSoviet Union:
- Cold War: American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced in Moscow to 10 years in prison forespionage.
- Sputnik program: Thesatellite Sputnik 5 is launched, with the dogsBelka and Strelka (the Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, two rats and a variety of plants. This satellite returns to Earth the next day and all animals are recovered safely.
August 20 –Senegal breaks away from theMali Federation, declaring its independence.
August 25 – The1960 Summer Olympic Games begin in Rome.
August 29 –Hurricane Donna kills 50 people inFlorida andNew England.

September

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Main article:September 1960

September 1
- Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah,Sultan ofSelangor and 2ndYang di-Pertuan Agong ofMalaysia, dies in office. He is replaced byTuanku Syed Putra,Raja ofPerlis.
- Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of thePennsylvania Railroad in the United States, marking the first shutdown in the company's history (the event lasts two days).
September 2 – The first elections of theParliament of the Central Tibetan Administration (in exile in India) are held. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day.
September 5
- 1960 Summer Olympic Games:Muhammad Ali (at this time Cassius Clay) of the United States wins the gold medal inlight-heavyweight boxing.
- Congolese PresidentJoseph Kasa-Vubu dismissesPatrice Lumumba's entire government, and also places Lumumba underhouse arrest.
- PoetLéopold Sédar Senghor is the first electedPresident of Senegal.
September 6 –Martin and Mitchell defection: William Hamilton Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell, two Americancryptologists, announce their defection to the Soviet Union at a press conference in Moscow.
September 8 – InHuntsville, Alabama, U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates theMarshall Space Flight Center (which had been activated byNASA on July 1).
September 9 – The first regular season game in theAmerican Football League (established as a rival league to the NFL) takes place at Boston'sNickerson Field. TheDenver Broncos defeat theBoston Patriots, 13–10.
September 10 –1960 Summer Olympic Games:Abebe Bikila ofEthiopia wins the gold medal in themarathon, running barefoot in a world time, and becoming the first person fromSub-Saharan Africa to win Olympic gold.
September 14
- ColonelJoseph Mobutu takes power inRepublic of the Congo via amilitary coup.
- The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded byIran,Iraq,Kuwait,Saudi Arabia andVenezuela.
September 18 – Thefirst international Summer Paralympics open inRome under the title "9th International Stoke Mandeville Games", the first quadrennial paralympic event outside of England.^[16]
September 21 – Mexican PresidentAdolfo López Mateos nationalizes the country's electricity supply system.
September 22 –Mali, the sole remaining member of the "Mali Federation" (following the withdrawal ofSenegal one month earlier), declares its full independence as theRepublic of Mali.
September 26 –1960 United States presidential debates: The two leading candidates in the1960 United States presidential election,John F. Kennedy andRichard Nixon, participate in the first live televised presidential debate.^[17]
September 29 – At theUnited Nations General Assembly, Soviet leaderNikita Khrushchev angrily interrupts British Prime MinisterHarold Macmillan, banging the desk and shouting in Russian. Macmillan drily says "I should like that to be translated, if I may".^[18]^[19]
September 30 -The Flintstones premieres on ABC.

October

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Main article:October 1960

October 1 –Nigeria becomes independent from the United Kingdom, andNnamdi Azikiwe becomes its first native-bornGovernor General.
October 3 –Jânio Quadros is electedPresident of Brazil, for a five-year term.
October 7 –Nigeria becomes the 99th member of theUnited Nations.
October 12 –Cold War:Shoe-banging incident – Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at a meeting of theUnited Nations General Assembly, his way of protesting the discussion of theSoviet Union's policies toward Eastern Europe.^[20]
October 14
- Presidential candidateJohn F. Kennedy first suggests the idea for thePeace Corps of the United States.
- The Premier ofNew South Wales officially opensWarragamba Dam,^[21] one of the world's largest domestic water supply dams.
October 24 –Nedelin catastrophe: A largerocket explodes on the launch pad at theBaikonur Cosmodrome, killing at least 92 people of theSoviet space program.
c.October 31 –Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten makes landfall inEast Pakistan, followed by a storm surge, just three weeks after a previous storm devastated the country.^[22]

November

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Main article:November 1960

November 8 –1960 United States presidential election: In a close race, Democratic U. S. SenatorJohn F. Kennedy is elected over Republican U. S. Vice PresidentRichard Nixon, to become (at 43) the second youngest man to serve asPresident of the United States, and the youngest man elected to this position.
November 14
- Belgium threatens to leave theUnited Nations over criticism of its policy concerning theRepublic of the Congo.
- Stéblová train disaster: A head-on collision between two trains inPardubice,Czechoslovakia, kills 118 people.
November 22 – TheUnited Nations supports the government ofJoseph Kasavubu andJoseph Mobutu in theRepublic of the Congo.
November 26 –1960 New Zealand general election: TheNational Party defeats the governingLabour Party after only three years in office. National leaderKeith Holyoake becomes Prime Minister of New Zealand for a second time.
November 28 –Mauritania becomes independent of France.

December

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Main article:December 1960

December – The African andMalagasy Organisation for Economic Cooperation (OAMCE – Organisation Africain et Malagache de Coopération Économique) is established.
December 1
- Patrice Lumumba, deposed premier of theRepublic of the Congo, is arrested by the troops ofColonel Joseph Mobutu.
- ASoviet satellite containing live animals (dogsPcholka and Mushka) and plants is launched into orbit. Due to a malfunction, it burns up duringre-entry.
- Striking coal miners at theMiike Coal Mine in Japan return to work, ending the unprecedented 312-day-longMiike Struggle.^[23]
December 2 – U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the use of $1.0 million for the relief and resettlement ofCuban refugees, who have been arriving inFlorida at the rate of about 1,000 per week.
December 4 – The admission ofMauritania to theUnited Nations is vetoed by theSoviet Union.
December 7 – TheUnited Nations Security Council is called into session by theSoviet Union, in order to consider Soviet demands for the Security Council to seek the immediate release of formerCongolese Premier Patrice Lumumba.
December 8 – For the first time,Mary Martin'sPeter Pan is presented as a stand-alone 2-hour special onNBC television in the United States, instead of as part of an anthology series. This version, rather than being presented live, is shown onvideotape, enabling NBC to repeat it as often as they wish without having to restage it. Although nearly all of the adult actors repeat their originalBroadway roles, all of the original children have, ironically, outgrown their roles and are replaced by new actors.
December 9 – French PresidentCharles de Gaulle's visit toAlgeria is bloodied by European and Muslim rioters in Algeria's largest cities. These riots cause 127 deaths.
December 13
- 1960 Ethiopian coup attempt: While EmperorHaile Selassie ofEthiopia visits Brazil, hisKebur Zabagna (Imperial Bodyguard) leads a military coup against his rule, proclaiming that the emperor's son,Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen Taffari, is the new emperor.
- The countries ofEl Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras, andNicaragua announce the formation of theCentral American Common Market.
- The U.S. Navy's Commander Leroy Heath (pilot) and Lieutenant Larry Monroe (bombardier/navigator) establish a world flight-altitude record of 91,450 feet (27,870 m), withpayload, in anA-5 Vigilante bomber carrying 2,200 lb (1,000 kg), and better the previous world record by over four miles (6.4 km).^[24]
December 14
- Antoine Gizenga proclaims in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo that he has taken over as the country's premier.
- The first tied test is held by theWest Indian cricket team in Australia inBrisbane.
December 15
- KingMahendra of Nepal deposes the democratic government in his country and takes direct control himself.
- KingBaudouin of Belgium marries DoñaFabiola de Mora y Aragón.
December 16
- Secretary of State Christian Herter announces that the United States will commit fivenuclear submarines and eightyPolaris missiles to the defense of theNATO countries by the end of 1963.
- New York mid-air collision: AUnited Air Lines DC-8 collides in mid-air with aTWA Lockheed Constellation overStaten Island in New York City. All 128 passengers and crewmembers on the two airliners, and six people on the ground, are killed.
December 17 – Troops loyal to EmperorHaile Selassie inEthiopia overcome thecoup that began on December 13, returning the reins to the Emperor upon his return from a trip to Brazil. The Emperor absolves his own son of any guilt.
December 19 – Fire sweeps through theUSSConstellation, to become the U.S. Navy's largestaircraft carrier, while she is under construction at theBrooklyn Navy Yard; killing 50 workers and injuring 150.
December 23 – Hilkka Saarinen née Pylkkänen is murdered in the so-called the "oven homicide" case in Krootila,Kokemäki,Finland.^[25]

World population

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World population: 3,021,475,000
- Africa: 277,398,000
- Asia: 1,701,336,000
- Europe: 604,401,000
- Latin America: 218,300,000
- North America: 204,152,000
- Oceania: 15,888,000