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1957

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1957
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
This article is about the year 1957. For the 2002 album by Soul-Junk, see1957 (album).
From top to bottom, left to right: TheSputnik satellite is launched by theSoviet Union, starting theSpace Race;Sputnik 2 follows, carrying the dogLaika as the first living creature in orbit; theTreaty of Rome establishes theEuropean Economic Community to promote economic integration in Europe; the1957–1958 influenza pandemic spreads worldwide, killing over a million; theLittle Rock Nine integrateLittle Rock Central High School, challenging racial segregation in the United States;The Bridge on the River Kwai premieres to critical and commercial acclaim; theSyrian Crisis of 1957 escalates tensions in the Middle East; theLewisham rail crash kills 90 in London; andHurricane Audrey devastates the U.S. Gulf Coast.

1957 (MCMLVII) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar, the 1957th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini (AD) designations, the 957th year of the2nd millennium, the 57th year of the20th century, and the 8th year of the1950s decade.

Calendar year
Calendar year
Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
1957 by topic
Subject
By country
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1957 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1957
MCMLVII
Ab urbe condita2710
Armenian calendar1406
ԹՎ ՌՆԶ
Assyrian calendar6707
Baháʼí calendar113–114
Balinese saka calendar1878–1879
Bengali calendar1363–1364
Berber calendar2907
British Regnal yearEliz. 2 – 6 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2501
Burmese calendar1319
Byzantine calendar7465–7466
Chinese calendar丙申年 (Fire Monkey)
4654 or 4447
    — to —
丁酉年 (Fire Rooster)
4655 or 4448
Coptic calendar1673–1674
Discordian calendar3123
Ethiopian calendar1949–1950
Hebrew calendar5717–5718
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat2013–2014
 -Shaka Samvat1878–1879
 -Kali Yuga5057–5058
Holocene calendar11957
Igbo calendar957–958
Iranian calendar1335–1336
Islamic calendar1376–1377
Japanese calendarShōwa 32
(昭和32年)
Javanese calendar1888–1889
Juche calendar46
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4290
Minguo calendarROC 46
民國46年
Nanakshahi calendar489
Thai solar calendar2500
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་
(male Fire-Monkey)
2083 or 1702 or 930
    — to —
མེ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་
(female Fire-Bird)
2084 or 1703 or 931
Wikimedia Commons has media related to1957.

Events

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January

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February

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March

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Flag of Ghana, the first country in colonial Africa to gain independence

April

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May

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June

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July

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August

[edit]

September

[edit]
Federation of Malaya gains independence from the British Empire
Main article:September 1957

October

[edit]
Main article:October 1957
October 4: Sputnik program begins, the firstsatellite launched into space

November

[edit]
Main article:November 1957
Laika the dog became the first animal to orbit Earth.

December

[edit]
Main article:December 1957

Date unknown

[edit]

Births

[edit]
Births
January ·February ·March ·April ·May ·June ·July ·August ·September ·October ·November ·December

January

[edit]
Katie Couric
John Lasseter
Steve Harvey
Ade Edmondson
Frank Miller

February

[edit]
Dennis Brown
Danny Antonucci
Ainsley Harriott
Tharman Shanmugaratnam
John Turturro

March

[edit]
Osama bin Laden
Qasem Soleimani
Spike Lee
Lucio Gutiérrez
Christopher Lambert

April

[edit]
Denise Nickerson
Faustin-Archange Touadéra
Donald Tusk
Daniel Day-Lewis

May

[edit]
Richard E. Grant
Sid Vicious
Yoshihiko Noda
Renée Soutendijk
Siouxsie Sioux

June

[edit]
Tarek Shawki
Frances McDormand
Georgi Parvanov
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

July

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Kelly McGillis
Stefan Löfven
Bret Hart
Theo van Gogh
Nana Visitor
Nellie Kim
Fumio Kishida

August

[edit]
Melanie Griffith
Stephen Fry
Ivo Josipović
Ai Weiwei

September

[edit]
Gloria Estefan
Ricardo Montaner
Hans Zimmer
Kevin Rudd
Michael Madsen
Bongbong Marcos

October

[edit]
Bernie Mac
Paul Kagame
Nancy Cartwright
Julie Dawn Cole
Dan Castellaneta
Ahmet Kaya

November

[edit]
Peter Ostrum
Dolph Lundgren
Tony Abbott
Goodluck Jonathan
Caroline Kennedy

December

[edit]
Michael Clarke Duncan
Steve Buscemi
Hamid Karzai

Deaths

[edit]
Content
January ·February ·March ·April ·May ·June ·July ·August ·September ·October ·November ·December
Further information:Category:1957 deaths

January

[edit]
Humphrey Bogart

February

[edit]
John von Neumann
Miklós Horthy

March

[edit]
Ramon Magsaysay
Gheorghe Tătărescu

April

[edit]
Pedro Infante

May

[edit]
Joseph McCarthy
Eliot Ness

June

[edit]
Jimmy Dorsey
Johannes Stark

July

[edit]
Grace Coolidge

August

[edit]
Washington Luís

September

[edit]
Jean Sibelius

October

[edit]
Christian Dior
Gerty Cori

November

[edit]
Diego Rivera
Prince George of Greece and Denmark

December

[edit]
Robert Esnault-Pelterie

Nobel Prizes

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  34. ^"43 DEAD IN CRASH OF BRITISH PLANE; Flying Boat With 58 Falls on Isle of Wight Soon After Southampton Take-Off".The New York Times. Associated Press. November 16, 1957. Page 1, column 2. RetrievedMay 17, 2023.
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  135. ^Donovan, Doug; Wood, Pamela (May 10, 2018)."Kevin Kamenetz's sudden death ends steady rise in Baltimore County, Maryland politics". Politics.The Baltimore Sun. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  136. ^Jeffries, David."Matthias Reim Biography, Songs, & Albums".AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  137. ^"Kenneth Acheson".OldRacingCars.com. Allen Brown. February 11, 2022. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  138. ^"Edda Heiðrún Backman látin" [Edda Heiðrún Backman passed away].Þjóðleikhúsið (in Icelandic). October 3, 2016. Archived fromthe original on October 11, 2016. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  139. ^"Edda Heidrun Backman".Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  140. ^"Child to the John Kennedys".The New York Times. November 28, 1957. Page 58, column 6. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  141. ^"Caroline Kennedy, President". Kennedy Library Foundation.John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Archived fromthe original on October 3, 2006. RetrievedMay 13, 2023.
  142. ^Williams, Paul (March 4, 2015)."Colin Mochrie".The Canadian Encyclopedia.Historica Canada. RetrievedMay 23, 2023.
  143. ^"Pemprov Babel Berduka atas Wafatnya Tjahjo Kumolo" [Provincial Government of Babylon mourns the death of Tjahjo Kumolo].babelprov.go.id (in Indonesian). Provincial Government of the Bangka Belitung. July 1, 2022.Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. RetrievedJuly 1, 2022.Dikutip dari berbagai sumber dan situs pribadinya, Tjahjo Kumolo lahir di Surakarta Jawa Tengah pada 1 Desember 1957. Ia adalah seorang politikus Indonesia yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Menteri PANRB Indonesia sejak 23 Oktober 2019 pada Kabinet Indonesia Maju. [Quoted from various sources and his personal website, Tjahjo Kumolo was born in Surakarta, Central Java on 1 December 1957. He is an Indonesian politician who currently serves as Minister of PANRB Indonesia since 23 October 2019 in the Advanced Indonesia Cabinet.]
  144. ^"Riwayat Penyakit Tjahjo Kumolo hingga Alami Komplikasi" [History of Tjahjo Kumolo's Disease to Experiencing Complications].CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian).Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. RetrievedJuly 1, 2022.
  145. ^"Today's Birthdays".The Baltimore Sun. December 1, 2014. p. A9.
  146. ^"Famous Birthdays".Minneapolis Star Tribune. December 1, 2017. p. A2
  147. ^"Roy". Database.StarTrek.com.CBS Studios Inc.,Paramount Pictures Corporation, andCBS Interactive Inc. RetrievedApril 8, 2023.
  148. ^"Vesta Williams Obituary".Cleveland Plain Dealer.The Associated Press. September 23, 2011. RetrievedMay 1, 2023.
  149. ^"Who is Andrew Cuomo? About the NY governor leading coronavirus response in state". New York State.Syracuse.com.Advance Local Media LLC. March 23, 2020. RetrievedApril 8, 2023.
  150. ^"New Permanent Representative of Nigeria Presents Credentials".United Nations. May 3, 2017. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  151. ^Maira, Ángeles F. (December 3, 2011)."José Luis Gil: "Trabajo como actor desde los diez aňos"" [José Luis Gil: "I've been working as an actor since I was ten years old"].El Progreso (in Spanish). Archived fromthe original on December 5, 2011. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  152. ^"Peter O'Mara".Schott Music Group. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  153. ^"Donny Osmond - Broadway Cast & Staff".Internet Broadway Database.The Broadway League. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  154. ^Abbatecola, Vincent (September 6, 2012)."Michael Clarke Duncan, 54, Remembered as Actor and Bodyguard".Rockland County Times. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  155. ^Notice de personne "Hardcastle, Paul (1957-....)" [Person notice "Hardcastle, Paul (1957-....)"] (in French).Bibliothèque nationale de France. July 8, 2004. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  156. ^"Guinea-Bissau".The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. The Statesman's Yearbook. London:Palgrave Macmillan. 2016. p. 563.doi:10.1007/978-1-349-68398-7.ISBN 978-1-349-68398-7. RetrievedApril 30, 2023 – viaGoogle Books.
  157. ^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas."Sheila E. Biography, Songs, & Albums".AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. RetrievedApril 8, 2023.
  158. ^UPI Staff (December 13, 2021)."Famous birthdays for Dec. 13: Steve Buscemi, Jamie Foxx". Entertainment News.United Press International, Inc. Archived fromthe original on January 31, 2022. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  159. ^"Doug Parker".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  160. ^"Kevin McHale Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and more".Sports Reference LLC. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  161. ^Simmonds, Jeremy (2012)."Tracy Pew".The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches (Second ed.).Chicago,Illinois:Chicago Review Press. pp. 214–215.ISBN 978-1-61374-478-9. RetrievedApril 30, 2023 – via Google Books.
  162. ^Notice de personne "Bragg, Billy (1957-....)" [Person notice "Bragg, Billy (1957-....)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. November 24, 2020. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  163. ^Notice de personne "Hyser, Joyce (1957-....)" [Person notice "Hyser, Joyce (1957-....)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. December 1, 2005. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  164. ^"Anna Vissi".Zimbio. Livingly Media, Inc. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  165. ^"Tom Henke Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More". Sports Reference LLC. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  166. ^"Ray Romano Biography".TV Guide. Archived fromthe original on September 9, 2015. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  167. ^Burke, Jason (July 19, 2008)."Hard man in a hard country". The Observer profile.The Guardian.Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  168. ^MacGowan, Siobhan."About".Shane MacGowan.Shane MacGowan. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  169. ^Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (March 29, 2023)."Matt Lauer".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedApril 9, 2023.
  170. ^Gefen, Pearl Sheffy (December 4, 1984)."Joanna Pacula: Born under lucky star".The Montreal Gazette. Page E-1, columns 1-4. RetrievedApril 9, 2023 – viaGoogle News.She had begun to work as a model and "earned my first money doing some pictures for cosmetics" when the lucky star which has guided her 26 years thus far twinkled again... "I was born on Dec. 30, so my life is always close to beginnings," speculates this off-beat offspring of a totally untheatrical family.
  171. ^Gazarian-Gautier, Marie-Lise (2003). "The Walking Geography of Gabriela Mistral". In Agosín, Marjorie (ed.).Gabriela Mistral: The Audacious Traveler. Athens: Ohio University Press. p. 270.ISBN 978-0-89680-230-8.
  172. ^"Jose Linhares, 71, of Brazil is dead; Retired Chief Justice Was President for 3 Months After Revolt by Dutra".New York Times. January 27, 1957. RetrievedSeptember 30, 2021.
  173. ^"Mamoru Shigemitsu, 69, Dead; Surrendered for Japan to Allies; Former Foreign Minister Was Imprisoned for War Crime --Led Nation Into U.N. Made Peace Overtures Entered Foreign Ministry Tried With Tojo".The New York Times. January 26, 1957. RetrievedAugust 15, 2020.
  174. ^"Julia Morgan". January 16, 2024.
  175. ^"Laura I. Wilder, Author, Dies at 90. Writer of the 'Little House' Series for Children Was an Ex-Newspaper Editor. Wrote First Book at 65".The New York Times.Associated Press. February 12, 1957. RetrievedOctober 24, 2012.
  176. ^"Sir John Sealy Townsend Irish physicist". February 12, 2024.
  177. ^"Ben M'hidi - One Of The Greatest Heroes Of Algeria | I Love Africa". November 29, 2021. RetrievedSeptember 3, 2023.
  178. ^"Othmar Schoeck (1886-1957) on Hyperion Records".Hyperion Records.
  179. ^"Admiral Byrd Dies at 68. Made 5 Polar Expeditions. Admiral Flew Over Both Poles and Helped Establish Antarctic as a Continent".The New York Times. October 9, 1988. RetrievedMay 23, 2008.
  180. ^"Mr Jack Yeats".The Manchester Guardian. March 29, 1957. p. 6. RetrievedJuly 23, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  181. ^Anna and Teresa Campbell (2011),Remembering Roy Campbell: The Memoirs of His Daughters Anna and Tess,Winged Lion Press. Edited by Judith Lütge Coullie. Preface byJoseph Pearce. Page 1.
  182. ^"Alexander Vertinsky poet, singer and actor :: people :: Russia-InfoCentre".russia-ic.com.
  183. ^"Russell Hicks, Character Actor, Is Dead; Appeared in Many Stage and Film Roles; Appeared in Early Movies".The New York Times. June 3, 1957.
  184. ^Gloria G. Fromm (1977).Dorothy Richardson: A Biography. University of Illinois Press. p. 394.ISBN 978-0-252-00631-9.
  185. ^Sandford, John (1999).Encyclopedia of contemporary German culture. London New York: Routledge. p. 155.ISBN 9781136816031.
  186. ^Slide, Anthony (2004).Silent Topics: Essays on Undocumented Areas of Silent Film. Scarecrow Press. p. 65.ISBN 978-0810850163.
  187. ^Hartmann, Lukas."Materialien zum Lukas Hartmanns Roman "Die Tochter des Jägers""(PDF).Lukas Hartmann (in German).Archived(PDF) from the original on March 3, 2016. RetrievedOctober 23, 2017.
  188. ^The Routledge Encyclopedia of Jewish Writers of the Twentieth Century. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 86.ISBN 9781135456078.
  189. ^Giusi Spica (July 23, 2017).""L'ultima beffa al "Gattopardo", sulla lapide c'è una data di morte sbagliata" - The latest joke at theLeopard, on the tombstone is a wrong death date".La Repubblica.
  190. ^Morley, Sheridan (1986).The Great Stage Stars. London: Angus & Robertson. p. 153.ISBN 0816014019.
  191. ^"Mike O'Dowd".www.mnbhof.org.
  192. ^López, Alberto (September 6, 2021)."Rudolf Weigl: the Schindler of science who saved thousands from the Nazis".El País. RetrievedJuly 23, 2025.
  193. ^"Harold Ulrik Sverdrup".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedJuly 23, 2025.
  194. ^"Eugene Schueller".Daily News. August 26, 1957. p. 28. RetrievedJuly 23, 2025 – via Newspapers.com.
  195. ^Notice de personne "Szabó, Lőrinc (1900-1957)" [Person notice "Szabó, Lőrinc (1900-1957)"] (in French).Bibliothèque nationale de France. April 23, 2015. RetrievedMay 24, 2023.
  196. ^Loots, Andries (August 28, 2000)."J.H. Pierneef ( 1886 - 1957 )".vgallery.co.za. Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2009. RetrievedJune 2, 2023.
  197. ^"CASBAH DEATH TOLL 17; 2 Terrorists Among Victims of Accidental Blast".The New York Times. October 10, 1957. Page 8, column 7. RetrievedMay 27, 2023.
  198. ^"Erich Auerbach | German philologist, literary critic, historian | Britannica".www.britannica.com.
  199. ^Green, Sally (1981).Prehistorian: A Biography of V. Gordon Childe. Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire: Moonraker Press. p. 154.ISBN 978-0-2390-0206-8.
  200. ^Hardy, Phil (1995).The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 124.ISBN 9780306806407.
  201. ^"Frederick Burton". Films, TV and people. British Film Institute. Archived fromthe original on March 6, 2016. RetrievedJune 1, 2023.
  202. ^"DIOR, 52, CREATOR OF 'NEW LOOK,' DIES; Designer Won Fame in 1947 for Style Innovation Christian Dior Is Dead at 52; Designer Created 'New Look' 'Tyrant of Hemlines' 'Luxury Must Be Defended'".The New York Times. October 24, 1957. Page 1, column 8. RetrievedJune 1, 2023.
  203. ^Berger, Meyer (October 26, 1957)."ANASTASIA SLAIN IN A HOTEL HERE; LED MURDER, INC.; Victim's Brothers".The New York Times. Page 1, columns 7-8. RetrievedJune 2, 2023.
  204. ^Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (October 21, 2022)."Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, 18th baron of Dunsany".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedMay 24, 2023.
  205. ^"Gerty Cori – Facts".NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB. 2023. RetrievedMay 24, 2023.
  206. ^Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (February 14, 2023)."Níkos Kazantzákis".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedMay 24, 2023.
  207. ^"GIANNI CAPRONI, PLANE DESIGNER; Builder for Italians of 100 Aircraft Types Dies--First Was Tested in 1910 Airplane Bore Name".The New York Times. AP. October 30, 1957. Page 29, column 3. RetrievedJune 3, 2023.Gianni Caproni, Italian aviation pioneer credited with giving General of the Armies John J. Pershing the idea of strategic bombing in World War I, died of a heart attack Sunday at the age of 71. His death was not announced until after the funeral today.
  208. ^"JOSE GUGGIARI, 73, OF PARAGUAY DIES; President 1928 to 1932 Was Opposition Party Leader in Exile in Buenos Aires Long Party Ascendancy".The New York Times. UP. October 31, 1957. Page 31, column 3. RetrievedJune 3, 2023.
  209. ^"LOUIS B. MAYER, FILM MAKER, DIES; Former Production Chief of M-G-M, 72, Built Movies Around Leading Stars GUIDED GARBO TO FAME Highest Paid Executive in U.S. for 7 Years Resigned From Studio in 1951 Was Hollywood Czar Native of Russia Merged With Goldwyn Remarried in 1948".The New York Times. October 30, 1957. Page 29, columns 1-2. RetrievedJune 3, 2023.
  210. ^"TED MEREDITH, 64, STARRED IN TRACK; Runner Who Won 800 Meters in 1912 Olympics in World Record Time Is Dead".The New York Times. November 5, 1957. Page 31, column 3. RetrievedMay 13, 2023.
  211. ^Parish, James; Pitts, Michael R. (1974)."BRABIN, CHARLES J., b. April 17, 1883, Liverpool, Eng.; d. Nov. 3, 1957.".Film Directors: A Guide to their American Films.Metuchen, New Jersey:Scarecrow Press. pp. 42–43.ISBN 9780810807525.OCLC 573547659. RetrievedMay 14, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  212. ^Grahn, Sven."Sputnik-2, more news from distant history". Archived fromthe original on September 24, 2015. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  213. ^"Wilhelm Reich".Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2012. Archived fromthe original on November 22, 2012. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  214. ^Notice de personne "Canteloube, Joseph (1879-1957)" [Person notice "Canteloube, Joseph (1879-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. December 19, 2020. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  215. ^"SHOGHI EFFENDI, 61, BAHA'I FAITH LEADER".The New York Times. November 6, 1957. Page 35, column 2. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  216. ^"AIR CRASH KILLS RUMANIAN AIDE; Accident at Moscow Airport Costs Party Official's Life --Premier Stoica Safe".The New York Times. AP. November 6, 1957. Page 2, column 3. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  217. ^Wanczura, Dieter (November 21, 2020)."Kawase Hasui - 1883-1957".artelino. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  218. ^"Lieutenant-General Masao Maruyama".Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942. Klemen. L. 2000. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  219. ^"Zapotocky Is Dead; Czechs' President; ZAPOTOCKY DIES; CZECH PRESIDENT Architect of Coup Elected to Parliament".The New York Times. November 13, 1957. Page 1, column 2. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  220. ^Notice de personne "Bursa, Andrzej (1932-1957)" [Person notice "Bursa, Andrzej (1932-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. February 14, 2012. RetrievedMay 17, 2023.
  221. ^"Cora Witherspoon, Actress, 67, Is Dead; Performer 50 Years Made Bow at 15; Worked for Belasco".The New York Times. AP. November 19, 1957. Page 33, columns 2-3. RetrievedMay 17, 2023.
  222. ^"Gestapo Chief Dies in Accident".The New York Times. November 19, 1957. p. 7. RetrievedMay 17, 2023.
  223. ^"PRINCE GEORGE OF GREECE DIES; Uncle of King Paul and Duke of Edinburgh Succumbs at His French Home at 88".The New York Times. November 26, 1957. Page 33, column 4. RetrievedMay 21, 2023.
  224. ^"DIEGO RIVERA DIES IN MEXICO AT 70; Painter, Controversial in His Art and Politics, Long Ill".The New York Times. November 25, 1957. Page 1, column 1. RetrievedMay 21, 2023.
  225. ^"UA 484.08 ADM William V. Pratt Collection".Naval History and Heritage Command. RetrievedMay 1, 2025.
  226. ^"BILLY BEVAN IS DEAD; Oldtime Screen Actor Had Been a Keystone Kop".The New York Times. November 29, 1957. Page 29, column 2. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  227. ^"VOULGARIS DIES; GREEK LEADER, 73; Vice Admiral Was Premier of Transitional Government After the Liberation".The New York Times. November 27, 1957. Page 30, column 2. RetrievedMay 22, 2023.
  228. ^"ERICH KORNGOLD, COMPOSER, DEAD; Scores for Films Won Two Academy Awards--Wrote Many Operatic Works".The New York Times. November 30, 1957. Page 16, column 2. RetrievedMay 23, 2023.
  229. ^"BENIAMINO GIGLI, FAMED TENOR, DIES; Star of 'Met' in Twenties Made U.S. Recital Tours-- Cleared of Collaborating Colorful and Controversial Refused Salary Cut Criticized U.S. in War".The New York Times. December 1, 1957. Page 89, columns 1-2. RetrievedMay 19, 2023.
  230. ^Golden, Eve (2001).Golden Images: 41 Essays On Silent Film Stars.McFarland. p. 36.ISBN 0-7864-0834-0.
  231. ^Horner, David (2000)."Lavarack, Sir John Dudley (1885–1957)".Australian Dictionary of Biography.National Centre of Biography,Australian National University. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  232. ^Crouch, Tom D. (December 2, 2022)."Robert Esnault-Pelterie".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedApril 8, 2023.
  233. ^"Maurice McLoughlin".International Tennis Hall of Fame. 2023. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  234. ^"GENERAL ZERVAS, LEADER IN GREECE; Resistance Officer Who Was Right-Wing Politician Dead --Brother Dies of Shock Bold Guerrilla Leader Joined Venizelos Coup".The New York Times.Reuters. December 11, 1957. Page 31, column 3. RetrievedApril 30, 2023.
  235. ^R. G. (December 12, 1957)."La mort de Musidora" [The death of Musidora].Le Monde (in French). RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  236. ^San Antonio Light. December 17, 1957. p. 20.{{cite news}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  237. ^"Dorothy Sayers, Author, Dies at 64".The New York Times. December 19, 1957. RetrievedAugust 31, 2012.
  238. ^Payne, Michael (2016).Life and Music of Eric Coates. London:Routledge. p. 218.ISBN 978-1-138-27149-4.
  239. ^Notice de personne "Talmadge, Norma (1894-1957)" [Person notice "Talmadge, Norma (1894-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. July 9, 2021. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  240. ^Notice de personne "Pathé, Charles (1863-1957)" [Person notice "Pathé, Charles (1863-1957)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. August 27, 2013. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  241. ^"Oscar Dominguez Biography". The Annex Galleries. RetrievedApril 9, 2023.
  242. ^"6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism".National Geographic News. May 19, 2013. Archived fromthe original on September 3, 2019. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2021.
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