This is an accepted version of this page
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
531 members of theElectoral College 266 electoral votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnout | 60.2%[1] 3.1pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Presidential election results map.Red denotes states won by Eisenhower/Nixon,blue denotes those won by Stevenson/Kefauver, andorange indicates anAlabama faithless elector who cast an electoral vote forJones/Talmadge. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential elections were held in theUnited States on November 6, 1956. IncumbentRepublicanPresidentDwight D. Eisenhower and hisrunning mate, incumbentVice PresidentRichard Nixon, were reelected, defeatingDemocratAdlai Stevenson II, formerIllinois governor and SenatorEstes Kefauver, in a rematch of 1952.
Eisenhower, who first became famous for his military leadership in World War II, remained widely popular. A heart attack in 1955 provoked speculation that he would not seek a second term, but his health recovered and he faced no opposition at the1956 Republican National Convention. Stevenson remained popular with a core of liberal Democrats, but held no office and had no real base. He defeatedNew York GovernorW. Averell Harriman and several other candidates on the first presidential ballot of the1956 Democratic National Convention. Stevenson called for a significant increase in government spending on social programs and a decrease in military spending.
With the end of theKorean War and a strong economy, Eisenhower was the heavy favorite to win reelection. Supporters of the president focused on his "personal qualities ... his sincerity, his integrity and sense of duty, his virtue as a family man, his religious devotion, and his sheer likeableness",[4] rather than on his leadership record. The weeks before the election saw two major international crises inthe Middle East andEastern Europe, and Eisenhower's handling of the crises boosted his popularity.
Eisenhower slightly improved on his 1952 majorities in both the popular andelectoral vote. He increased his 1952 gains among Democrats, especially Northern and Midwesternwhite ethnic groups and city-dwelling and suburbanWhite Southerners.[5] Surprisingly, Eisenhower narrowlylost Missouri, abellwether state for most of the 20th century, and which had voted for him in 1952; at the same time he carriedKentucky,Louisiana, andWest Virginia, which had voted against him in the previous election. Eisenhower was the first Republican presidential candidate to win Louisiana, and by extension anyDeep South state, since 1876.
This was the sixth and most recent rematch of an American presidential election,[c] and the second time (after1900) that the incumbent won a rematch. This was the last election beforeterm limits established by theTwenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which first applied to Eisenhower, became effective. This was the last presidential election before the admissions of Alaska and Hawaii in 1959, as well as the final presidential election in which a major party candidate was born in the 19th century. Eisenhower's victory was the first for an incumbent Republican president since1924, and he became the first Republican to serve two full terms sinceUlysses S. Grant in 1869–1877.[d]
| ||
|---|---|---|
World War II 34th President of the United States
First Term Second Term Presidential campaigns Post-Presidency   | ||
| ||
|---|---|---|
U.S. Representative from California U.S. Senator from California 36th Vice President of the United States Post-vice presidency 37th President of the United States
Policies Tenure Post-presidency Presidential campaigns Vice presidential campaigns  | ||
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Richard Nixon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 34th President of the United States (1953–1961) | 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campaign | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
.jpg)
Early in 1956, there was speculation that President Eisenhower would not run for a second term because of concerns about his health. In 1955, Eisenhower had suffered a seriousheart attack. However, he soon recovered and decided to run for a second term. (In June 1956 he also underwent surgery forileitis.) Given Eisenhower's enormous popularity, he was renominated with no opposition at the1956 Republican National Convention in San Francisco.
According to Steven Ambrose, Nixon was anguished that Eisenhower never liked him and had repeatedly delayed saying Nixon should be renominated for vice president. Ambrose also stated that Eisenhower favoredRobert B. Anderson, a former Democrat who had served asUnited States Secretary of the Navy andUnited States Deputy Secretary of Defense, but Anderson declined to be considered. With Eisenhower worried about his health, he decided that Nixon had his shortcomings, but was better prepared to assume the presidency than any possible alternative. In Ambrose's view, "In itself, that was the highest possible tribute he could pay Nixon."[6]Harold Stassen was the only Republican to publicly oppose Nixon's re-nomination for vice president, and Nixon remained highly popular among the Republican rank-and-file voters. Nixon had worked hard to reshape the vice presidency. It became his platform to campaign for Republican state and local candidates across the country, and these candidates came to his defense. In the spring of 1956, Eisenhower publicly announced that Nixon would again be his running mate, and Stassen was forced to second Nixon's nomination at the Republican Convention. Unlike 1952, conservative Republicans (who had supportedRobert A. Taft against Eisenhower in 1952) did not attempt to shape the platform. At the convention, Nebraska delegateTerry McGovern Carpenter voted for a fictitious "Joe Smith" for vice president to prevent a unanimous vote.[7]
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adlai Stevenson | Estes Kefauver | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | _(3x4).jpg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31st Governor of Illinois (1949–1953) | U.S. Senator fromTennessee (1949–1963) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campaign | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
Adlai Stevenson, the Democratic Party's1952 nominee, fought a tight primary battle with populistTennessee SenatorEstes Kefauver for the 1956 nomination. Kefauver won theNew Hampshire primary unopposed (though Stevenson won 15% on write-ins). After Kefauver upset Stevenson in theMinnesota primary, Stevenson, realizing that he was in trouble, agreed to debate Kefauver in Florida. Stevenson and Kefauver held the first televised presidential debate on May 21, 1956, before the Florida primary.[8] Stevenson carried Florida by a 52–48% margin. By the time of the California primary in June 1956, Kefauver's campaign had run low on money and could not compete for publicity and advertising with the well-funded Stevenson. Stevenson won the California primary by a 63–37% margin, and Kefauver soon withdrew from the race.
Source[9]
At the1956 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, New York GovernorW. Averell Harriman, who was backed by former PresidentHarry S. Truman, challenged Stevenson for the nomination. However, Stevenson's delegate lead was much too large for Harriman to overcome, and Stevenson won on the first ballot.
The roll call, as reported in Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris,Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 294–298:
| Presidential balloting, DNC 1956 | |
|---|---|
| Contender | Vote |
| Adlai Stevenson | 905.5 |
| W. Averell Harriman | 210 |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 80 |
| Stuart Symington | 45.5 |
| Happy Chandler | 36.5 |
| James C. Davis | 33 |
| John S. Battle | 32.5 |
| George Bell Timmerman Jr. | 23.5 |
| Frank Lausche | 5.5 |
The highlight of the 1956 Democratic Convention came when Stevenson, to create excitement for the ticket, made the surprise announcement that the convention's delegates would choose his running mate. This set off a desperate scramble among several candidates to win the nomination. Potential vice presidential candidates had only one hectic day to campaign among the delegates before the voting began. The two leading contenders were Senator Kefauver, who retained the support of his primary delegates, and SenatorJohn F. Kennedy from Massachusetts, who was not well known at the time. Although Stevenson privately preferred Senator Kennedy to be his running mate, he did not attempt to influence the balloting for Kennedy in any way. Kennedy surprised the experts by surging into the lead on the second ballot; at one point, he was only 15 votes shy of winning. However, a number of states then left their "favorite son" candidates and switched to Kefauver, giving him the victory. Kennedy then gave a gracious concession speech. The defeat was a boost for Kennedy's long-term presidential chances: as a serious contender, he gained favorable national publicity, yet by losing to Kefauver he avoided blame for Stevenson's loss to Eisenhower in November. The vote totals in the vice presidential balloting are recorded in the following table, which also comes from Bain & Parris.
| Vice Presidential balloting, DNC 1956 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ballot | 1 | 2 before shifts | 2 after shifts |
| Estes Kefauver | 466.5 | 551.5 | 755.5 |
| John F. Kennedy | 294.5 | 618 | 589 |
| Albert Gore Sr. | 178 | 110.5 | 13.5 |
| Robert F. Wagner Jr. | 162.5 | 9.5 | 6 |
| Hubert Humphrey | 134 | 74.5 | 2 |
| Luther H. Hodges | 40 | 0.5 | 0 |
| P.T. Maner | 33 | 0 | 0 |
| LeRoy Collins | 29 | 0 | 0 |
| Clinton Presba Anderson | 16 | 0 | 0 |
| Frank G. Clement | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| Pat Brown | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Stuart Symington | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | Adlai Stevenson (D) | Other | Undecided | Margin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election Results | November 6, 1956 | 57.37% | 41.97% | 0.66% | - | 15.40 | |||
| Gallup[10] | Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1956 | 57% | 39% | 1% | 3% | 18 | |||
| Roper[11] | October 28, 1956[e] | 52% | 43% | - | 5% | 9 | |||
| Gallup[12] | October 7-12, 1956 | 51% | 41% | - | 8% | 10 | |||
| Gallup[13] | September 20-25, 1956 | 52% | 40% | - | 8% | 12 | |||
| Roper[14] | September 16, 1956[e] | 48% | 41% | - | 11% | 7 | |||
| Gallup[15] | September 9-14, 1956 | 52% | 41% | - | 7% | 11 | |||
| Gallup[16] | August 23-28, 1956 | 52% | 41% | - | 7% | 11 | |||
| August 20–23: Republican National Convention | |||||||||
| August 13–17: Democratic National Convention | |||||||||
| Gallup[17] | July 12-17, 1956 | 61% | 37% | - | 2% | 24 | |||
| Gallup[18] | April 19-24, 1956 | 62% | 36% | - | 3% | 26 | |||
| Gallup[19] | Mar. 29-Apr. 3, 1956 | 61% | 37% | - | 2% | 24 | |||
| Gallup[20] | March 8-13, 1956 | 61% | 37% | - | 2% | 24 | |||
| Gallup[21] | February 16-21, 1956 | 63% | 33% | - | 4% | 30 | |||
| Gallup[22] | January 6-11, 1956 | 56% | 40% | - | 4% | 16 | |||
| Gallup[23] | November 17-22, 1955 | 58% | 39% | - | 3% | 19 | |||
| Gallup[24] | August 25-30, 1955 | 59% | 37% | - | 4% | 22 | |||
| Gallup[25] | May 12-17, 1955 | 55% | 39% | - | 6% | 16 | |||
| Gallup[26] | January 20-25, 1955 | 57% | 40% | - | 3% | 17 | |||
| Gallup[27] | September 5-10, 1954 | 53% | 47% | - | -[f] | 6 | |||
| Gallup[28] | March 19-24, 1954 | 45% | 37% | - | 18% | 8 | |||
Stevenson campaigned hard against Eisenhower, with television ads for the first time being the dominant medium for both sides. Eisenhower's 1952 election victory had been due in large part to winning the female vote; hence, during this campaign there was a plethora of "housewife"-focused ads. Some commentators at the time also argued that television's new prominence was a major factor in Eisenhower's decision to run for a second term at the age of 66, considering his weak health after the heart attack in 1955. Television allowed Eisenhower to reach people across the country without enduring the strain of repeated coast-to-coast travel, making a national campaign more feasible.[29]
Stevenson proposed significant increases in government spending forsocial programs and treaties with theSoviet Union to lower military spending and end nuclear testing on both sides. He also proposed to end the military draft and switch to an "all-volunteer" military. Eisenhower publicly opposed these ideas, even though in private he was working on a proposal to ban atmospheric nuclear testing. Eisenhower had retained the enormous personal and political popularity he had earned duringWorld War II, and he maintained a comfortable lead in the polls throughout the campaign.
Eisenhower was also helped by his handling of two developing foreign-policy crises that occurred in the weeks before the election. In the Soviet-occupiedPeople's Republic of Hungary, many citizens had risen in revolt in theRevolution of 1956 against Soviet domination, but the Soviets responded by invading the country on October 26. Three days later, a combined force of Israeli, British, and French troopsinvaded Egypt to toppleGamal Abdel Nasser and seize the recently nationalizedSuez Canal. The resolution of the latter crisis rapidly moved to the United Nations,[30] and the Hungarian revolt was brutally crushed within a few days by re-deployed Soviet troops. Eisenhower condemned both actions, but was unable to help Hungary; he did, however, forcefully pressure the western forces to withdraw from Egypt.
While these two events led many Americans to rally in support of the president and swelled his expected margin of victory, the campaign was seen differently by some foreign governments.[31] The Eisenhower administration had also supported theBrown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954; this ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court ended legalsegregation in public schools. Meanwhile, Stevenson voiced disapproval about federal court intervention in segregation, saying aboutBrown that "we don't need reforms or groping experiments."[32] This was an about-face from the national Democratic party platform's endorsement of civil rights in the1948 campaign. Although Eisenhower "avoid[ed] a clear stand on theBrown decision" during the campaign,[33] in the contest with Stevenson, he won the support of nearly 40% of black voters; he was the last Republican presidential candidate to receive such a level of support from black voters.
Eisenhowerled all opinion polls by large margins throughout the campaign. On Election Day Eisenhower took over 57% of the popular vote and won 41 of the 48 states. Stevenson won only six Southern states and the border state ofMissouri, becoming the first losing candidate sinceWilliam Jennings Bryan in1900 to carry Missouri. Eisenhower carried Louisiana, making him the first Republican presidential candidate to carry the state, or any state in the Deep South for that matter, sinceRutherford Hayes had done so in 1876 duringReconstruction, Eisenhower was the first Republican to win two presidential terms sinceWilliam McKinley in1900.
Eisenhower, who had won in twenty-one of the thirty-nine cities with a population above 250,000 in the 1952 election, won in twenty-eight of those cities in the 1956 election. He had won six of the eight largest cities in the Southern United States in the 1952 election and won seven of them withAtlanta being the only one to remain Democratic.[34]
Of the 3,101 counties/independent cities making returns, Eisenhower won the most popular votes in 2,143 (69.11%) while Stevenson carried 924 (29.80%). Unpledged Electors prevailed in 32 counties (1.03%) while Andrews carried two counties (0.06%).
This election was the last in which Massachusetts voted Republican until1980 and the last in which Connecticut, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, and West Virginia did so until1972. Conversely this was the last election in which Mississippi voted Democratic until1976, and is also the last election until 1976 when Alabama gave a majority of its electoral votes to the Democratic candidate. As of 2023, this remains the last time that Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Carolina would back a losing Democratic presidential candidate. This was the last election in which both Massachusetts and Minnesota simultaneously voted Republican.
In 9 Southern states, a slate of third party options emerged as a protest to the civil rights movement. This was a continuation of the former Dixiecrat party from 1948. The states of Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, and Virginia went a step farther, nominatingThomas Andrews for president, meanwhile in Kentucky they nominated senatorHarry Byrd for president. The remaining states of Mississippi, South Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana, left their electors as "Unpledged".
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
| Dwight D. Eisenhower (incumbent) | Republican | Pennsylvania | 35,579,180 | 57.37% | 457 | Richard Nixon (incumbent) | California | 457 |
| Adlai Stevenson II | Democratic | Illinois | 26,028,028 | 41.97% | 73 | Estes Kefauver | Tennessee | 73 |
| (Unpledged electors) | (n/a) | (n/a) | 196,318 | 0.32% | 0 | (n/a) | (n/a) | 0 |
| T. Coleman Andrews | States' Rights | Virginia | 108,956 | 0.18% | 0 | Thomas H. Werdel | California | 0 |
| Eric Hass | Socialist Labor | New York | 44,450 | 0.07% | 0 | Georgia Cozzini | Wisconsin | 0 |
| Enoch A. Holtwick | Prohibition | Illinois | 41,937 | 0.07% | 0 | Edwin M. Cooper | California | 0 |
| Farrell Dobbs | Socialist Workers | New York | 7,797 | 0.01% | 0 | Myra Tanner Weiss | California | 0 |
| Harry F. Byrd | States' Rights | Virginia | 2,657 | <0.01% | 0 | William E. Jenner | Indiana | 0 |
| Darlington Hoopes | Socialist | Pennsylvania | 2,128 | <0.01% | 0 | Samuel H. Friedman | New York | 0 |
| Henry B. Krajewski | American Third | New Jersey | 1,829 | <0.01% | 0 | Anna Yezo | New Jersey | 0 |
| Gerald L. K. Smith | Christian Nationalist | Michigan | 8 | <0.01% | 0 | Charles Robertson | Michigan | 0 |
| Walter Burgwyn Jones | Democratic | Alabama | —(a) | —(a) | 1 | Herman Talmadge | Georgia | 1 |
| Other | 8,691 | 0.01% | — | Other | — | |||
| Total | 62,021,979 | 100% | 531 | 531 | ||||
| Needed to win | 266 | 266 | ||||||
Source (Popular Vote):Leip, David."1956 Presidential Election Results".Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. RetrievedAugust 1, 2005.Source (Electoral Vote):"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996".National Archives and Records Administration. RetrievedAugust 1, 2005.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source:[35]
| States/districts won byStevenson/Kefauver |
| States/districts won byEisenhower/Nixon |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican | Adlai Stevenson Democratic | T. Coleman Andrews/Unpledged Electors[g] States' Rights | Eric Hass Socialist Labor | Margin | State Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | # | |
| Alabama | 11 | 195,694 | 39.39 | - | 280,844 | 56.52 | 10 | 20,323 | 4.09 | - | - | - | - | -85,150 | -17.13 | 496,871 | AL |
| Arizona | 4 | 176,990 | 60.99 | 4 | 112,880 | 38.90 | - | 303 | 0.10 | - | - | - | - | 64,110 | 22.09 | 290,173 | AZ |
| Arkansas | 8 | 186,287 | 45.82 | - | 213,277 | 52.46 | 8 | 7,008 | 1.72 | - | - | - | - | -26,990 | -6.64 | 406,572 | AR |
| California | 32 | 3,027,668 | 55.39 | 32 | 2,420,135 | 44.27 | - | 6,087 | 0.11 | - | 300 | 0.01 | - | 607,533 | 11.11 | 5,466,355 | CA |
| Colorado | 6 | 394,479 | 59.49 | 6 | 263,997 | 39.81 | - | 759 | 0.11 | - | 3,308 | 0.50 | - | 130,482 | 19.68 | 663,074 | CO |
| Connecticut | 8 | 711,837 | 63.72 | 8 | 405,079 | 36.26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 306,758 | 27.46 | 1,117,121 | CT |
| Delaware | 3 | 98,057 | 55.09 | 3 | 79,421 | 44.62 | - | - | - | - | 110 | 0.06 | - | 18,636 | 10.47 | 177,988 | DE |
| Florida | 10 | 643,849 | 57.27 | 10 | 480,371 | 42.73 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 163,478 | 14.54 | 1,124,220 | FL |
| Georgia | 12 | 216,652 | 32.65 | - | 441,094 | 66.48 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -224,442 | -33.83 | 663,480 | GA |
| Idaho | 4 | 166,979 | 61.17 | 4 | 105,868 | 38.78 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 61,111 | 22.39 | 272,989 | ID |
| Illinois | 27 | 2,623,327 | 59.52 | 27 | 1,775,682 | 40.29 | - | - | - | - | 8,342 | 0.19 | - | 847,645 | 19.23 | 4,407,407 | IL |
| Indiana | 13 | 1,182,811 | 59.90 | 13 | 783,908 | 39.70 | - | - | - | - | 1,334 | 0.07 | - | 398,903 | 20.20 | 1,974,607 | IN |
| Iowa | 10 | 729,187 | 59.06 | 10 | 501,858 | 40.65 | - | 3,202 | 0.26 | - | 125 | 0.01 | - | 227,329 | 18.41 | 1,234,564 | IA |
| Kansas | 8 | 566,878 | 65.44 | 8 | 296,317 | 34.21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 270,561 | 31.23 | 866,243 | KS |
| Kentucky | 10 | 572,192 | 54.30 | 10 | 476,453 | 45.21 | - | - | - | - | 358 | 0.03 | - | 95,739 | 9.09 | 1,053,805 | KY |
| Louisiana | 10 | 329,047 | 53.28 | 10 | 243,977 | 39.51 | - | 44,520 | 7.21 | - | - | - | - | 85,070 | 13.78 | 617,544 | LA |
| Maine | 5 | 249,238 | 70.87 | 5 | 102,468 | 29.13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 146,770 | 41.73 | 351,706 | ME |
| Maryland | 9 | 559,738 | 60.04 | 9 | 372,613 | 39.96 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 187,125 | 20.07 | 932,351 | MD |
| Massachusetts | 16 | 1,393,197 | 59.32 | 16 | 948,190 | 40.37 | - | - | - | - | 5,573 | 0.24 | - | 445,007 | 18.95 | 2,348,506 | MA |
| Michigan | 20 | 1,713,647 | 55.63 | 20 | 1,359,898 | 44.15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 353,749 | 11.48 | 3,080,468 | MI |
| Minnesota | 11 | 719,302 | 53.68 | 11 | 617,525 | 46.08 | - | - | - | - | 2,080 | 0.16 | - | 101,777 | 7.60 | 1,340,005 | MN |
| Mississippi | 8 | 60,685 | 24.46 | - | 144,498 | 58.23 | 8 | 42,966 | 17.31 | - | - | - | - | -83,813 | -33.78 | 248,149 | MS |
| Missouri | 13 | 914,289 | 49.89 | - | 918,273 | 50.11 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -3,984 | -0.22 | 1,832,562 | MO |
| Montana | 4 | 154,933 | 57.13 | 4 | 116,238 | 42.87 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 38,695 | 14.27 | 271,171 | MT |
| Nebraska | 6 | 378,108 | 65.51 | 6 | 199,029 | 34.49 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 179,079 | 31.03 | 577,137 | NE |
| Nevada | 3 | 56,049 | 57.97 | 3 | 40,640 | 42.03 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15,409 | 15.94 | 96,689 | NV |
| New Hampshire | 4 | 176,519 | 66.11 | 4 | 90,364 | 33.84 | - | 111 | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | 86,155 | 32.27 | 266,994 | NH |
| New Jersey | 16 | 1,606,942 | 64.68 | 16 | 850,337 | 34.23 | - | 5,317 | 0.21 | - | 6,736 | 0.27 | - | 756,605 | 30.46 | 2,484,312 | NJ |
| New Mexico | 4 | 146,788 | 57.81 | 4 | 106,098 | 41.78 | - | 364 | 0.14 | - | 69 | 0.03 | - | 40,690 | 16.02 | 253,926 | NM |
| New York | 45 | 4,340,340 | 61.19 | 45 | 2,750,769 | 38.78 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,589,571 | 22.41 | 7,093,336 | NY |
| North Carolina | 14 | 575,062 | 49.34 | - | 590,530 | 50.66 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | -15,468 | -1.33 | 1,165,592 | NC |
| North Dakota | 4 | 156,766 | 61.72 | 4 | 96,742 | 38.09 | - | 483 | 0.19 | - | - | - | - | 60,024 | 23.63 | 253,991 | ND |
| Ohio | 25 | 2,262,610 | 61.11 | 25 | 1,439,655 | 38.89 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 822,955 | 22.23 | 3,702,265 | OH |
| Oklahoma | 8 | 473,769 | 55.13 | 8 | 385,581 | 44.87 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 88,188 | 10.26 | 859,350 | OK |
| Oregon | 6 | 406,393 | 55.25 | 6 | 329,204 | 44.75 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 77,189 | 10.49 | 735,597 | OR |
| Pennsylvania | 32 | 2,585,252 | 56.49 | 32 | 1,981,769 | 43.30 | - | - | - | - | 7,447 | 0.16 | - | 603,483 | 13.19 | 4,576,503 | PA |
| Rhode Island | 4 | 225,819 | 58.26 | 4 | 161,790 | 41.74 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 64,029 | 16.52 | 387,611 | RI |
| South Carolina | 8 | 75,700 | 25.18 | - | 136,372 | 45.37 | 8 | 88,511 | 29.45 | - | - | - | - | -47,863 | -15.92 | 300,583 | SC |
| South Dakota | 4 | 171,569 | 58.39 | 4 | 122,288 | 41.61 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 49,281 | 16.77 | 293,857 | SD |
| Tennessee | 11 | 462,288 | 49.21 | 11 | 456,507 | 48.60 | - | 19,820 | 2.11 | - | - | - | - | 5,781 | 0.62 | 939,404 | TN |
| Texas | 24 | 1,080,619 | 55.26 | 24 | 859,958 | 43.98 | - | 14,591 | 0.75 | - | - | - | - | 220,661 | 11.28 | 1,955,545 | TX |
| Utah | 4 | 215,631 | 64.56 | 4 | 118,364 | 35.44 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 97,267 | 29.12 | 333,995 | UT |
| Vermont | 3 | 110,390 | 72.16 | 3 | 42,549 | 27.81 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 67,841 | 44.35 | 152,978 | VT |
| Virginia | 12 | 386,459 | 55.37 | 12 | 267,760 | 38.36 | - | 42,964 | 6.16 | - | 351 | 0.05 | - | 118,699 | 17.01 | 697,978 | VA |
| Washington | 9 | 620,430 | 53.91 | 9 | 523,002 | 45.44 | - | - | - | - | 7,457 | 0.65 | - | 97,428 | 8.47 | 1,150,889 | WA |
| West Virginia | 8 | 449,297 | 54.08 | 8 | 381,534 | 45.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 67,763 | 8.16 | 830,831 | WV |
| Wisconsin | 12 | 954,844 | 61.58 | 12 | 586,768 | 37.84 | - | 6,918 | 0.45 | - | 710 | 0.05 | - | 368,076 | 23.74 | 1,550,558 | WI |
| Wyoming | 3 | 74,573 | 60.08 | 3 | 49,554 | 39.92 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25,019 | 20.16 | 124,127 | WY |
| TOTALS: | 531 | 35,579,180 | 57.37 | 457 | 26,028,028 | 41.97 | 73 | 301,417 | 0.49 | - | 44,300 | 0.07 | - | 9,551,152 | 15.40 | 62,021,979 | US |
Margin of victory less than 1% (24 electoral votes):
Margin of victory less than 5% (14 electoral votes):
Margin of victory over 5%, but under 10% (46 electoral votes)
Tipping point state:
(a)Alabamafaithless electorW. F. Turner, who was pledged toAdlai Stevenson andEstes Kefauver, instead cast his votes forWalter Burgwyn Jones, who was a circuit court judge in Turner's home town, andHerman Talmadge, governor of the neighboring state ofGeorgia. Because of the admission of Alaska and Hawaii as states in 1959, the 1956 presidential election was the last in which there were 531 electoral votes.
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican)
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic)
Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Other)
Eisenhower's home state for the 1956 Election was Pennsylvania
.jpg)
.jpg)
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)State Department officials are sure that the British and French callously deceived or misled them from this date onward. On October 23 Pineau dashed over to London, reportedly to tell Eden that Israel was all ready to launch preventive war on Nasser. Ben-Gurion's moment was well chosen because, it was reasoned, 1) the U.S. would not dare move decisively against Israel on the verge of a presidential election, and 2) the Hungarian rebellion, then at its height, would keep Russia's hands tied.
| |
| Presidency |
|
| Life and politics | |
| Books | |
| Elections | |
| Popular culture |
|
| Related | |
| Staff |
|
| Family |
|
| National | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
