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1945 Indiana Hoosiers football team

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American college football season

1945Indiana Hoosiers football
Big Ten champion
ConferenceBig Ten Conference
Ranking
APNo. 4
Record9–0–1 (5–0–1 Big Ten)
Head coach
MVPHowie Brown
CaptainRuss Deal
Home stadiumMemorial Stadium
Seasons
← 1944
1946 →
1945 Big Ten Conference football standings
Conf.Overall
TeamW L TW L T
No. 4Indiana $501901
No. 6Michigan510730
No. 12Ohio State520720
Northwestern331441
Purdue330730
Wisconsin231342
Illinois141261
Minnesota150450
Iowa150270
  • $ – Conference champion
Rankings fromAP Poll

The1945 Indiana Hoosiers football team was anAmerican football team that representedIndiana University Bloomington in the1945 Big Ten Conference football season. It compiled the first undefeated record and won the firstBig Ten Conference championship in the program's history. Indiana would not win another Big Ten championship until1967, or completed another undefeated season until2025, when they won the program's first National Championship. In their 12th year under head coachBo McMillin, the Hoosiers compiled a 9–0–1 record (5–0–1 Big Ten), outscored their opponents by a combined total of 279 to 56, and finished the season ranked #4 in the finalAP Poll. The lone blemish on the team's record was a 7–7 tie withNorthwestern in the second game of the season.

Head coach Bo McMillin was selected as the Coach of the Year by his fellow college football coaches. Four Hoosier players also received first-team honors on either the1945 All-America Team or the1945 All-Big Ten Conference football team. EndBob Ravensberg was a consensus first-team All-American, while fullbackPete Pihos received first-team All-American honors fromYank, the Army Weekly. Freshman halfbackGeorge Taliaferro rushed for 719 yards (the first African-American player to lead the Big Ten in rushing) and received second-team All-American honors. Pihos, Taliaferro, and endTed Kluszewski also received first-team All-Big Ten honors. Pihos, Taliaferro, and coach McMilllin were later inducted into theCollege Football Hall of Fame.

QuarterbackBen Raimondi led the team in passing, completing 35 of 83 passes for 593 yards and 10 touchdowns with three interceptions.Mel Groomes was the team's leading receiver with 12 catches for 223 yards.[1] In 1948, Groomes became the first African-American player to sign with theDetroit Lions.

Before the season

[edit]

The 1944 Indiana football team compiled a 7–3 record and finished in fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Players lost from the 1944 team includedJohn Tavener, who was the consensus first-team center on the1944 All-America Team. Bob Meyer was expected to fill Tavener's spot in the middle of the line, but he suffered a broken leg in the 1945 season opener against Michigan.John Cannady, who had previously been a fullback and linebacker, eventually won the job.[2]

Another loss from the 1944 team was halfbackRobert Hoernschemeyer. Hoernschemeyer was a second-team All-Big Ten player in 1944, but he entered the Naval Academy after the 1944 season, played for the Navy Cadets in 1945, and then played 10 years of professional football.

On the other hand, several players returned from military service in time for the 1945 season. Most prominent among these werePete Pihos andHowie Brown. Pihos was a lieutenant in the35th Infantry Division, and Brown received threePurple Heart citations for his service in theEuropean Theater of Operations. Neither had been discharged when the season began, but they were granted 60-day leaves by the Army and returned in time for the second game of the season against Northwestern.[3]

Schedule

[edit]
DateOpponentRankSiteResultAttendance
September 22atMichiganW 13–727,536
September 29atNorthwesternT 7–730,000
October 6atIllinoisW 6–025,173
October 13Nebraska*No. 8W 54–1420,000
October 20atIowaNo. 8W 52–2015,800
October 27No. 14Tulsa*No. 8
  • Memorial Stadium
  • Bloomington, IN
W 7–220,000
November 3Cornell (IA)*No. 5
  • Memorial Stadium
  • Bloomington, IN
W 46–66,000
November 10at No. 20MinnesotaNo. 6W 49–041,400
November 17atPittsburgh*No. 4W 19–05,000
November 24No. 18PurdueNo. 4
W 26–027,000–28,000
  • *Non-conference game
  • Rankings fromAP Poll released prior to the game

[4][5][6]

Rankings

[edit]
See also:1945 college football rankings
Ranking movements
Legend:██ Increase in ranking██ Decrease in ranking
( ) = First-place votes
Week
Poll12345678Final
AP88856(3)444(1)4

Game summaries

[edit]

Week 1: at Michigan

[edit]
Week 1: Indiana at Michigan
Team1234Total
Indiana670013
Michigan00707

On September 22, 1945, Indiana opened its season with a 13–7 victory over Michigan. Indiana scored a touchdown in the first quarter on a pass fromBen Raimondi toTed Kluszewski, but Kluszeweski's kick for extra point went wide. In the second quarter, the Hoosiers scored again on a touchdown pass from Raimondi toMel Groomes that covered 56 yards, including 34 yards of Groomes running down the sideline. Kluszewski's extra point kick was successful, and Indiana led 13–0 at halftime. In his first college football game, freshman halfbackGeorge Taliaferro rushed for 95 yards on 20 carries.[7]

Indiana's starting lineup against Michigan wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Frank Ciolli (left guard), Bob Meyer (center), Joe Sowinski (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Kluszewski (right end), Raimondi (quarterback), Taliaferro (left halfback), Groomes (right halfback), and Nick Lysohir (fullback).[7]

Week 2: at Northwestern

[edit]
Week 2: Indiana at Northwestern
Team1234Total
Indiana00077
Northwestern70007

On September 29, 1945, Indiana andNorthwestern played to a 7–7 tie inEvanston, Illinois. Northwestern end Stan Gorski recovered a blocked punt in the end zone midway through the first quarter to give Northwestern a 7–0 lead. Northwestern held the lead until late in the fourth quarter whenBen Raimondi threw a four-yard touchdown pass toPete Pihos. Pihos dragged three Northwestern defenders with him into the end zone.[8]George Taliaferro rushed for 56 yards on 19 attempts. In all, Indiana gained 152 rushing yards and 133 passing yards.[9]

Indiana's starting lineup against Northwestern wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard), Oleksak (center), Frank Ciolli (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle),Ted Kluszewski (right end), Raimondi (quarterback), Taliaferro (left halfback), Dick Deranek (right halfback), and Nick Lysohir (fullback).[9]

Week 3: at Illinois

[edit]
Week 3: Indiana at Illinois
Team1234Total
Indiana00066
Illinois00000
  • Date: October 6, 1945
  • Location: Memorial Stadium,Champaign, Illinois
  • Game attendance: 25,173
  • Referee: William A. Blake

On October 6, 1945, Indiana defeatedIllinois by a 6–0 score inChampaign, Illinois. In the second quarter,Mel Groomes threw a touchdown pass toTed Kluszewski, but the play was called back because a Great Dane dog had gotten loose on the field during the play. In the third quarter, the Hoosiers moved the ball to the Illinois one-yard line, but the Illinois defense held. The Hoosiers did not score until the fourth quarter whenBen Raimondi threw a touchdown pass to Kluszewski. Defensively, theChicago Tribune describedPete Pihos as a "demon", and the Hoosiers held the Illini to 113 rushing yards and 35 passing yards. Offensively, the Hoosiers gained 200 rushing yards and 41 passing yards.[10]

Indiana's starting lineup against Illinois wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Kluszewski (right end), Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback), Groomes (right halfback), and Pihos (fullback).[10]

Game 4: Nebraska

[edit]
Week 4: Nebraska at Indiana
Team1234Total
Nebraska007714
Indiana621141354
  • Date: October 13, 1945
  • Location:Memorial Stadium
    Bloomington, Indiana
  • Game attendance: 20,000
  • Referee: Ted O'Sullivan

On October 13, 1945, the Hoosiers defeatedNebraska by a 54–14 score atMemorial Stadium in Bloomington. Indiana's eight touchdowns were scored by Dick Deranek,Pete Pihos,Mel Groomes,Bob Ravensberg, Bob Miller (95-yard kickoff return to start the second half), Bill Armstrong (2), and Tom Schwartz. The Hoosiers gained 417 yards in the game, 272 rushing yards and 145 passing yards. Defensively, the Hoosiers held the Cornhuskers to 79 rushing yards and 117 passing yards.[11]

Indiana's starting lineup against Nebraska was Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard), Allan Horn (center), Frank Ciolli (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Lou Mihajlovich (right end),Ben Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback), Deranek (right halfback), and Pihos (fullback).[11]

Week 5: at Iowa

[edit]
Week 5: Indiana at Iowa
Team1234Total
Indiana202012052
Iowa0002020

On October 20, 1945, Indiana defeatedIowa by a 52–20 score inIowa City. Indiana's first touchdown was scored on a 20-yard interception return byBob Ravensberg. Less than two minutes later, Ravensberg scored again when he recovered a blocked punt in the end zone.George Taliaferro had two long touchdown runs of 62 and 74 yards. Bill Armstrong ran 43 yards for Indiana's fifth touchdown, and Dick Deranek scored on a reverse around Iowa's right end to give the Hoosiers a 40–0 lead at halftime. In the third quarter, Indiana scored twice, on a short pass fromBen Raimondi to John Gorski and on a long pass from Raimondi to Deranek covering 48 yards. Indiana led 52–0 at the end of the third quarter and had allowed Iowa only two first downs. In the fourth quarter, Iowa scored 20 points against the Hoosier reserves. Indiana totaled 337 rushing yards and 94 passing yards, and held Iowa to 115 rushing yards and 134 passing yards.[12]

Indiana's starting lineup against Iowa was Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard), Allan Horn (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Lou Mihajlovich (right end), Raimondi (quarterback), Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), andPete Pihos (fullback).[12]

Game 6: Tulsa

[edit]
Week 6: Tulsa at Indiana
Team1234Total
Tulsa00202
Indiana07007
  • Date: October 27, 1945
  • Location: Memorial Stadium
    Bloomington, Indiana
  • Game attendance: 20,000

On October 27, 1945, the Hoosiers defeated a previously undefeatedTulsa team by a 7–2 score at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. Tulsa captain Charles Stanley was ejected from the game in the first quarter for "using a knee on" Indiana's African-American halfbackGeorge Taliaferro. The Hoosiers sole touchdown came on a 60-yard sweep around left end; after a 20-yard gain,Pete Pihos lateraled the ball toBob Ravensberg who ran the rest of the way. In the third quarter, the Hoosiers were pinned deep in their own territory by a Hardy Brown punt, and after a penalty pushed them back further,George Taliaferro was tackled behind the goal line for asafety. Indiana rushed for 224 yards in the game and held Tulsa to 80 rushing yards and five passing yards.[13]

Indiana's starting lineup against Tulsa wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle),Ted Kluszewski (right end),Ben Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), andPete Pihos (fullback).[13]

Game 7: Cornell

[edit]
Week 7: Cornell at Indiana
Team1234Total
Cornell (IA)00066
Indiana141312746
  • Date: November 3, 1945
  • Location: Memorial Stadium
    Bloomington, Indiana
  • Game attendance: 6,000[14]
  • Referee: Mike Layden

On November 3, 1945, the Hoosiers defeated theCornell College team by a 46–6 score at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. Dick Deranek scored three touchdowns for Indiana. Additional touchdowns were scored byPete Pihos,George Taliaferro, Leroy Stovall, and William Buckner.[15]Carl Anderson served as the acting head coach for the game, while head coach Bo McMillin scouted theMichigan-Minnesota game in Ann Arbor.[14]

Indiana's starting lineup against Cornell wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Lou Mihajlovich (right end),Ben Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), andPete Pihos (fullback).[15]

Week 8: at Minnesota

[edit]
Week 8: Indiana at Minnesota
Team1234Total
Indiana72814049
Minnesota00000
  • Date: November 10, 1945
  • Location:Minneapolis
  • Game attendance: 41,400
  • Referee: Rollie Barnum

On November 10, 1945, Indiana limitedBernie Bierman'sMinnesota Golden Gophers to 20 rushing yards and won by a 49–0 score atMinneapolis.George Taliaferro returned the opening kickoff 95 yards and scored three touchdowns in a game that theChicago Tribune called "the most decisive licking any Minnesota team ever has received."[16] Indiana scored its 49 points in the first three quarters, 28 of them in the second quarter, before turning the game over to its deep reserves. All 34 players on Indiana's traveling squad appeared in the game. Additional Indiana touchdowns were scored by Bob Miller,Pete Pihos, Dick Deranek, and Tom Schwartz. Indiana gained 245 rushing yards and 123 passing yards while holding Minnesota to 20 rushing yards and 90 passing yards.[16]

Indiana's starting lineup against Minnesota wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle),Ted Kluszewski (right end),Ben Raimondi (quarterback), Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), and Pihos (fullback).[16]

Week 9: at Pittsburgh

[edit]
Week 9: Indiana at Pittsburgh
Team1234Total
Indiana6013019
Pittsburgh00000
  • Date: November 17, 1945
  • Location:Pittsburgh
  • Game attendance: 5,000

On November 17, 1945, Indiana defeatedPittsburgh by a 19–0 score inPittsburgh. FullbackPete Pihos scored two touchdowns, andBob Ravensberg also scored a touchdown on a pass fromBen Raimondi. Indiana gained 192 rushing yards and held Pittsburgh to only 18 rushing yards.[17]

Indiana's starting lineup against Pittsburgh was Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle),Ted Kluszewski (right end), Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), and Pihos (fullback).[17]

Game 10: Purdue

[edit]
Week 10: Purdue at Indiana
Team1234Total
Purdue00000
• Indiana00131326
  • Date: November 24, 1945
  • Location: Memorial Stadium
    Bloomington, Indiana
  • Game attendance: 27,000[18]

On November 24, 1945, the Hoosiers defeatedPurdue by a 26–0 score at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. With the victory, the Hoosiers claimed both theOld Oaken Bucket trophy and the firstBig Ten Conference football championship in school history. After a scoreless first half,Pete Pihos scored two touchdowns in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter,Ben Raimondi threw touchdown passes toTed Kluszewski and Lou Mihajlovich. The Hoosiers gained 349 rushing yards in the game. On defense, Indiana held Purdue's touted passing offense led by quarterbackBob DeMoss to one two-yard completion in 15 attempts.[19] After the game, Indiana University presidentHerman B Wells congratulated the team in the locker room and declared the following Monday to be a holiday with no classes to be held.[20]

Indiana's starting lineup against Purdue wasBob Ravensberg (left end), Russ Deal (left tackle), Joe Sowinski (left guard),John Cannady (center),Howie Brown (right guard),Jon Goldsberry (right tackle), Kluszewski (right end), Raimondi (quarterback),George Taliaferro (left halfback),Mel Groomes (right halfback), and Pihos (fullback).[16]

After the season

[edit]

TheAssociated Press released the results of its final poll on December 4, 1945. The1945 Army Cadets football team was selected as the national champion with 1,160 points and first-place votes by 115 of 116 voters. Indiana was ranked fourth with 720 points.[21]

Indiana head coachBo McMillin was selected in voting by his fellow college football coaches as the 1945 "Coach of the Year". McMillin received 445 points and 63 first-place votes out of 155 ballots cast. Army'sEarl Blaik finished second with 212 points and 28 first-place votes.[22]

Several Indiana players also won post-season honors. These include:

Personnel

[edit]

Varsity letter winners

[edit]

The following 25 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1945 Indiana football team.[24] Players who started at least half of the team's ten games are displayed in bold.

  • Bill Armstrong, #12
  • Charlie Armstrong, #72
  • Howie Brown, #73 – started 7 games at right guard
  • John Cannady, #38 – started 5 games at center
  • Frank Ciolli, #62 – started 1 game at left guard, 2 games at right guard
  • Russ Deal, #67 – started all 10 games at left tackle
  • Dick Deranek, #88 – started 2 games at right halfback
  • Jon Goldsberry, #78 – started all 10 games at right tackle
  • Mel Groomes, #57 – started 8 games at right halfback
  • Bob Harbison, #64
  • Allan Horn, #50 – started 2 games at center
  • Ted Kluszewski, #83 – started 7 games at right end
  • John Kokos, #43
  • Nick Lysohir, #33 – started first 2 games at fullback
  • Bob Meyer, #22 – started one game at center
  • Lou Mihajlovich, #81 – started 3 games at right end
  • Bob Miller, #10
  • Pete Pihos – started final 8 games at fullback
  • Ben Raimondi, #46 – started all 10 games at quarterback
  • Bob Ravensberg, #61 – started all 10 games at left end
  • Tom Schwartz, #82
  • Nick Sebek, #25
  • Joe Sowinski -started all 10 games, one at right guard and nine at left guard
  • Leroy Stovall
  • George Taliaferro, #44 – started all 10 games at left halfback

Reserves

[edit]
  • Jack Adams, #11
  • Bill Bradley
  • William Buckner
  • Joe Gilliam Sr., #41
  • John Gorski, #62
  • Hagmann, #75
  • Don Jones, #40
  • Robert Joseph, #76
  • Pat Kane, #87
  • Larry Napolitan
  • Francis Oleksak, #54 – started one game at center

Players in the NFL

[edit]

Eleven players from the 1945 Indiana football team were either drafted to play or actually played in theNational Football League. They are:

  1. Pete Pihos was selected by thePhiladelphia Eagles with the 41st pick in the1945 NFL draft. He played nine years for the Eagles from 1947 to 1955 and was later inducted into thePro Football Hall of Fame.
  2. Howie Brown was selected by theGreen Bay Packers with the 206th pick in the1946 NFL draft. He played for theDetroit Lions from 1948 to 1950.
  3. John Cannady was selected by theNew York Giants with the 22nd pick in the1947 NFL draft. He played eight seasons with the Giants from 1947 to 1954.
  4. Ben Raimondi was selected by theChicago Cardinals with the 41st pick in the 1947 NFL Draft. He played for theNew York Yankees (AAFC) in 1947.
  5. Bob Ravensberg was selected by the Cardinals with the 150th pick in the 1947 NFL Draft. He played for the Cardinals in 1948 and 1949.
  6. Dick Deranek was selected by thePittsburgh Steelers with the 82nd pick in the1948 NFL draft, but did not play in the NFL.
  7. Mel Groomes was undrafted in 1948. Indiana head coach Bo McMillin became head coach and general manager of theDetroit Lions in 1948. One of McMillin's first personnel moves was signing Groomes to a contract with the Lions on April 17, 1948.[31] At the time, only one other NFL team, theLos Angeles Rams, had anAfrican-American player, and Groomes was the first African-American to sign a contract with theDetroit Lions.[32] Groomes played for the Lions in 1948 and 1949.
  8. Lou Mihajlovich was undrafted in 1948, but went on to play for theLos Angeles Dons in 1948 and theGreen Bay Packers in 1954.
  9. Jon Goldsberry was selected by the Cardinals with the 40th pick in the1949 NFL draft. Goldsberry played for the Cardinals in 1949 and 1950.
  10. George Taliaferro was selected by theChicago Bears with the 129th pick in the 1949 NFL Draft. He played seven years in the NFL from 1949 to 1955.
  11. Nick Sebek was selected by theWashington Redskins with the 248th pick in the 1949 NFL Draft. He played for the Redskins in 1950.

In addition,Ted Kluszewski went on to play 15 seasons inMajor League Baseball.

Coaches and administrators

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"1945 Indiana Hoosiers Stats".SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. RetrievedAugust 9, 2015.
  2. ^Bob Hammel; Kit Klingelhoffer (1999).Glory of Old IU, Indiana University. Sports Publishing LLC. p. 101.
  3. ^Hammel & Klingelhoffer, Glory of Old IU, p. 100.
  4. ^"1945 Indiana Hoosiers Schedule and Results".College Football @ Sports-Reference.com.Sports Reference. RetrievedDecember 31, 2023.
  5. ^"1945 Football Schedule".Indiana University. RetrievedDecember 31, 2023.
  6. ^"Indiana Football 2023 Record Book"(PDF).Indiana University. p. 13. RetrievedDecember 31, 2023.
  7. ^abWilfrid Smith (September 23, 1945)."Indiana Whips Wolverines on Passes, 13 to 7: Thwarts Rally in Closing Minutes".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  8. ^"Pete Pihos And Sarringhaus Return To Big Ten Football".The Eugene Guard. United Press. October 3, 1945. p. 7. RetrievedApril 26, 2017 – viaNewspapers.comOpen access icon.
  9. ^abCharles Bartlett (September 30, 1945)."Hoosiers Gain 7-7 Deadlock With Wildcats in Fourth Period".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  10. ^ab"Indiana's 4th Quarter Pass Beats Illini, 6-0".Chicago Tribune. October 7, 1945. pp. 2–1.
  11. ^abCharles Bartlett (October 14, 1945)."Indiana Runs Up 54-14 Score on Nebraska".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  12. ^abWilfrid Smith (October 20, 1945)."Hoosier Backs Run Wild To Top Iowa, 52-20".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  13. ^abMaurice Shevlin (October 28, 1945)."Indiana Deals First Defeat To Tulsa, 7-2".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  14. ^ab"Indiana Drops Cornell, 46-6".The Salt Lake Tribune. November 4, 1945. p. 23 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  15. ^ab"Indiana Blasts Little Cornell College, 46 to 6".Chicago Tribune. November 4, 1945. p. 2.
  16. ^abcdWilfrid Smith (November 11, 1945)."Indian Wins, 49-0: Hoosier Backs Run Wild At Minneapolis; Tighten Grip on Big 9 Lead".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  17. ^abMaurice Shevlin (November 18, 1945)."Indian Makes Pitt Eleven 19-0 Victim".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  18. ^"Indiana Topples Purdue 26 to 0 to win Big Ten championship".The Nebraska State Journal (AP story). November 25, 1945. p. 11 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  19. ^Edward Burns (November 25, 1945)."Indiana Routs Purdue, 26 to 0; Wins Big 9 Crown; Pihos Crashes Boilermaker Defense Twice".Chicago Tribune. pp. 2–1.
  20. ^"Indiana Alumni Mob Bo and His New Champions".Chicago Tribune. November 25, 1945. p. 2.
  21. ^Murray Rose (December 4, 1945)."Everyone Agrees; Army Is in a Class By Itself on Grid".Miami Daily News-Record. p. 4 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  22. ^"M'Millin Named Coach of Year: Indiana Mentor Received 445 Points in Coaches' Poll Against 212 for Col Blaik".The News-Herald. December 17, 1945. p. 9 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon
  23. ^"2014 NCAA Football Records: Consensus All-America Selections"(PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). 2014. p. 6. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on December 22, 2014. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2015.
  24. ^abcdef1946 Indiana University yearbook, p. 101.
  25. ^abcdeWalter Byers (November 26, 1945)."Indiana and Ohio State Each Get Three Men on United Press All Star Big Ten Team".The Daily Register (Harrisburg,Illinois). p. 5.
  26. ^"Yank Magazine Has All-American Team".Morning Herald. Hagerstown, Maryland. December 21, 1945.
  27. ^abc"Esser Wins Berth on All-Big-Ten Team".The Milwaukee Journal. November 26, 1945. p. L2.
  28. ^"1945 Heisman Trophy Voting".SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. RetrievedAugust 9, 2015.
  29. ^Walter Johns (December 5, 1945). "Army Given Three Places on Captains' All-American".The Wisconsin State Journal.
  30. ^Lawton Carver (December 2, 1945). "Warren Amling On INS '45 All-American Football Team".Lima News.
  31. ^"Six More Signed by Detroit Lions".The Pittsburgh Press (UP story). April 17, 1948.
  32. ^Charlie Sanders, Charlie Sanders Tales from the Detroit Lions, p. 25.
  33. ^1946 Indiana University yearbook, p. 89.

External links

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