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1939 in literature

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Overview of the events of 1939 in literature

List of years in literature

In poetry: 1936; 1937; 1938; 1939; 1940; 1941; 1942

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of1939.

Events

Early – ThePocket Books mass-marketpaperback imprint is launched in the United States. The first of the nationally distributed titles isJames Hilton'sLost Horizon.
January
- Americanliterary magazineThe Kenyon Review is founded and edited byJohn Crowe Ransom.^[1]
- The Americanpulp science fiction magazineStartling Stories appears, edited byMort Weisinger. It includesThe Black Flame byStanley G. Weinbaum as lead novel.
- Eando Binder's story "I, Robot" appears in the U.S. science fiction magazineAmazing Stories.^[2]
- The Criterion, a British literary quarterly, is founded and edited byT. S. Eliot.^[3]
- W. H. Auden andChristopher Isherwood set sail from England for the United States.
January/February –Poetry London: a Bi-Monthly of Modern Verse and Criticism, founded and edited byTambimuttu (withDylan Thomas and others), is first published.
February 6 –Raymond Chandler's Californiaprivate detective Philip Marlowe is introduced in his first full-length work ofcrime fiction,The Big Sleep, which reworks elements from earlier short stories. It is published byAlfred A. Knopf in the United States.^[4]
March –Isaac Asimov's first publishedshort story, "Marooned off Vesta", appears inAstounding Science-Fiction magazine.
March 4 –BBC Television broadcasts one of the first specially writtentelevision plays,Condemned To Be Shot by R. E. J. Brooke (perhaps the actor Reginald Brooke), live from its London studios atAlexandra Palace. The production notably uses a camera as the first-person view by the play's unseen central character.
March 31 –20th Century Fox releases a film version ofThe Hound of the Baskervilles, first of aSherlock Holmes film series starringBasil Rathbone asSherlock Holmes andNigel Bruce asDr Watson.
April 13 – TheUnited Artists film version ofWuthering Heights, starringMerle Oberon andLaurence Olivier, is released.
May –Jorge Luis Borges' first short story in his later characteristic style, "Pierre Menard, autor delQuijote", is published in theBuenos Aires literary magazineSur.
May 4 –James Joyce's last work,Finnegans Wake, is published in full byFaber and Faber in London.
May 15 – Russian writerIsaac Babel is arrested by theNKVD at hisdacha as part of theGreat Purge in theSoviet Union, and incarcerated in theLubyanka Building in Moscow.
c. August –Ernest Vincent Wright publishes hislipogrammatic novelGadsby, "a story of over 50,000 words without using the letter 'E'", inLos Angeles a few months before his death on October 7.
August
- Mikhail Bulgakov, while secretly working onThe Master and Margarita, prepares the propaganda playBatumi, to romanticize events inJoseph Stalin's youth. The project is shelved by Stalin himself once Bulgakov announces he will interview witnesses personally.^[5]
- Robert A. Heinlein's first published short story, "Life-Line", appears inAstounding Science-Fiction.
Before September – After a pledge drive led by Renaud de Jouvenel andLucien Lévy-Bruhl, the Romanian poetBenjamin Fondane isnaturalized French and in September conscripted into theFrench Army, to serve in thePhony War.^[6]
September 2 –Jean-Paul Sartre is conscripted into the French Army, where he will serve as ameteorologist.
September 3 – Yorkshire-born novelist and playwrightJ. B. Priestley reads the first installment of his novelLet the People Sing, a celebration of local democracy specially written for radio, onBBC Home Service radio in the UK, the day war is declared.^[7]
September 18 – The Polish painter, playwright and novelistStanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (born1885) commits suicide after theSoviet invasion of Poland.
September/October –Famous Fantastic Mysteries, apulp magazine reprinting Americanscience fiction andfantasy, begins publication in New York.
Fall –Frank Herbert lies about his age to get his first job as a local newspaper reporter.
November – The teenageBrendan Behan is arrested inLiverpool for possessing explosives.
November 8 –Lindsay and Crouse's stage adaptation ofClarence Day'sLife with Father opens at theEmpire Theatre (42nd Street) in New York. Running until 12 July 1947, it becomes the all-time longest-running non-musical play inBroadway theatre.^[8]
November/December –Captain Marvel makes his first appearance, inWhiz Comics #2 (cover date February 1940).

New books

bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk!

—FromFinnegans Wake

Fiction

Eric Ambler –The Mask of Dimitrios^[9]
Sholem Asch –The Nazarene
William Attaway –Let Me Breathe Thunder
H. E. Bates –My Uncle Silas (short stories)
Arna Wendell Bontemps –Drums at Dusk
Pearl S. Buck –The Patriot
Karel Čapek (died 1938) –Život a dílo skladatele Foltýna (Life and Work of the Composer Foltýn, translated asThe Cheat, unfinished)
Joyce Carey –Mister Johnson
John Dickson Carr
- The Black Spectacles
- The Problem of the Wire Cage
- The Reader is Warned (as Carter Dickson)
- Drop to His Death (withJohn Rhode)
Aimé Césaire – "Cahier d'un retour au pays natal" (inVolontés, August)
Raymond Chandler –The Big Sleep
James Hadley Chase –No Orchids for Miss Blandish
Agatha Christie
- Murder is Easy
- The Regatta Mystery and Other Stories
- Ten Little Niggers
G.D.H. Cole andMargaret Cole –Greek Tragedy
Cecil Day-Lewis –The Smiler with the Knife
Jeffrey Dell –Nobody Ordered Wolves
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle –Gilles
John Fante –Ask the Dust
William Faulkner –If I Forget Thee Jerusalem (The Wild Palms/Old Man)
Vardis Fisher –Children of God
Zona Gale –Magna
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia –The Right Hand of the Grand Master (დიდოსტატის კონსტანტინეს მარჯვენა)
Rumer Godden –Black Narcissus
Henry Green –Party Going
Yaroslav Halan –The Mountains are Smoking
Cyril Hare –Suicide Excepted
Ernest Hemingway –The Snows of Kilimanjaro
Rayner Heppenstall –The Blaze of Noon
Anne Hocking –Old Mrs. Fitzgerald
Zora Neale Hurston –Moses, Man of the Mountain
Aldous Huxley –After Many a Summer^[10]
Christopher Isherwood –Goodbye to Berlin
James Joyce –Finnegans Wake
Arthur Koestler –The Gladiators
Richard Llewellyn –How Green Was My Valley^[11]
H. P. Lovecraft –The Outsider and Others
Ngaio Marsh –Overture to Death^[12]
Henry Miller –Tropic of Capricorn
Gladys Mitchell –Printer's Error^[13]
Christopher Morley –Kitty Foyle
Ian Niall (as John McNeillie) –Wigtown Ploughman
Anaïs Nin –Winter of Artifice
Flann O'Brien –At Swim-Two-Birds
John O'Hara –Files on Parade
Juan Carlos Onetti –El pozo (The Pit)
George Orwell –Coming Up for Air
Ellery Queen –The Dragon's Teeth
Katherine Anne Porter –Pale Horse, Pale Rider
Clayton Rawson –The Footprints on the Ceiling
Seymour Reit –The Friendly Ghost
Jean Rhys –Good Morning, Midnight
Dorothy L. Sayers –In the Teeth of the Evidence
Pierre Schaeffer –Chlothar Nicole (Clotaire Nicole)
John Steinbeck –The Grapes of Wrath
Gladys Bronwyn Stern –The Woman in the Hall
Rex Stout –Some Buried Caesar
Jan Struther –Mrs. Miniver^[14]
Phoebe Atwood Taylor –Cold Steal (as Alice Tilton)
Dalton Trumbo –Johnny Got His Gun
S. S. Van Dine –The Winter Murder Case
Simon Vestdijk –Sint Sebastiaan (first book chronologically in theAnton Wachter cycle)
Elio Vittorini –Conversations in Sicily (Conversazione in Sicilia)
Nathanael West –The Day of the Locust
Ernest Vincent Wright –Gadsby
Marguerite Yourcenar –Coup de Grâce

Children and young people

Ludwig Bemelmans –Madeline (first in an eponymous series of seven books)
Enid Blyton –The Enchanted Wood
Edgar Rice Burroughs –Tarzan the Magnificent
Lavinia R. Davis –Hobby Horse Hill
Hardie Gramatky –Little Toot
Carolyn Haywood –"B" is for Betsy (first in Betsy series)
Robert Lawson –Ben and Me: An Astonishing Life of Benjamin Franklin By His Good Mouse Amos
Hilda Lewis –The Ship That Flew
Lucy Maud Montgomery –Anne of Ingleside
Violet Needham –The Black Riders (first in the Stormy Petrel series)
Carola Oman –Alfred, King of the English
Arthur Ransome –We Didn't Mean To Go To Sea
Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings –The Yearling
Joan G. Robinson –A Stands for Angel
Felix Salten –Bambis Kinder, eine Familie in Walde (Bambi's Children)
Alison Uttley –A Traveller in Time
Laura Ingalls Wilder –By the Shores of Silver Lake
Ursula Moray Williams –Adventures of the Little Wooden Horse

Drama

Philip Barry –The Philadelphia Story
Bertolt Brecht
- Life of Galileo (Leben des Galilei; completed)
- Mother Courage and Her Children (Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder; written)
Mikhail Bulgakov –Batumi (left unfinished)
Max Catto –Punch without Judy^[15]
T. S. Eliot –The Family Reunion
Jean Giraudoux –Ondine
Ian Hay –Little Ladyship
Frank Harvey –Saloon Bar^[16]
Lillian Hellman –The Little Foxes^[17]
George S. Kaufman andMoss Hart –The Man Who Came to Dinner
Joseph Kesselring –Arsenic and Old Lace^[18]
Clare Boothe Luce –Margin for Error^[19]
Hugh Mills andWells Root –As You Are
William Saroyan –The Time of Your Life
Will Scott –Married for Money^[20]

Poetry

Main article:1939 in poetry

W. H. Auden
- Journey to a War (with diary entries and nonfiction prose byChristopher Isherwood; March 16)^[21]
- "September 1, 1939" (inThe New Republic (U.S.) October 18)
Vladimir Cavarnali –Răsadul verde al inimii stelele de sus îl plouă (The Heart's Green Seedling Is Rained upon by the Stars Above)
Aimé Césaire –Cahier d'un retour au pays natal (Notebook on a Return to the Native Land)
T. S. Eliot –Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats
José Gorostiza –Muerte sin fin (Death without End)^[22]
Javier del Granado –Rosas Pálidas (Pale Roses)
Changampuzha Krishna Pillai –Rahtapuspangal
Christopher Smart (died 1771) –Jubilate Agno (asRejoice in the Lamb: A Song from Bedlam, edited byW. F. Stead; completed by1763)

Non-fiction

Adrian Bell –Men and the Fields
Lord David Cecil –The Young Melbourne and the Story of his Marriage with Caroline Lamb
Savitri Devi –A Warning to the Hindus
Norbert Elias –The Civilizing Process (Über den Prozeß der Zivilisation)
Mary Lascelles –Jane Austen and Her Art
Erwin Panofsky –Studies inIconology
Ed Ricketts –Between Pacific Tides
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry –Wind, Sand and Stars (Terre des hommes)^[23]
Ronald Syme –The Roman Revolution
Bill W. andDr. Bob –The Big Book
Gamel Woolsey –Death's Other Kingdom

Births

January 10 –Jared Carter, American poet and author
January 12 –Jacques Hamelink, Dutch poet, novelist and literary critic, best known for short stories (died2021)^[24]
January 29 –Germaine Greer, Australian-bornfeminist author^[25]
February 19 –Erin Pizzey, English novelist and founder of world's first domestic violence shelter^[26]
February 25 –Gerald Murnane, Australian novelist
March 15 –Alicia Freilich, Venezuelan novelist
March 25 –Toni Cade Bambara, African-American writer (died1995)
April 10 –Penny Vincenzi, née Hannaford, English novelist (died2018)^[27]
April 12 –Alan Ayckbourn, English dramatist^[28]
April 13 –Seamus Heaney, Irish poet (died2013)^[29]
April 22 –Jason Miller, American playwright and actor (died2001)^[30]
May 4 –Amos Oz, né Klausner, Israeli author (died2018)^[31]
June 5 –Margaret Drabble, English novelist^[32]
June 14 –Penelope Farmer, English children's writer
June 15 –Brian Jacques, English writer (died2011)^[33]
July 2 –Ferdinand Mount, English journalist and novelist
July 27 –Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet (died2025)
August 1 –Robert James Waller, American novelist (died2017)^[34]
September 6 –Dan Cragg, American science-fiction author
September 16 –Breyten Breytenbach, South African writer and painter^[35]
September 9 –Ed Victor, American-born literary agent (died2017)^[36]
September 24 –Jacky Gillott, English novelist (suicide1980)
October 6 –Melvyn Bragg, English novelist, critic and broadcast presenter^[37]
October 7 –Clive James, Australian writer, humorist and television personality (died2019)^[38]
October 8 –Harvey Pekar, American memoirist and graphic-novel scriptwriter (died2010)^[39]
October 9 –John Pilger, Australian-born journalist and documentary filmmaker^[40]
October 28 –Giulio Angioni, Italian writer and anthropologist (died2017)^{[citation needed]}
October 29 –Malay Roy Choudhury, Bengali poet, novelist and creator of the IndianHungry generation literary and cultural movement^[41]
November 17 –Auberon Waugh, English journalist and novelist (died2001)^[42]
November 18 –Margaret Atwood, Canadian novelist and poet^[43]
November 25 –Shelagh Delaney, English dramatist (died2011)^[44]
December 3 –Lee Israel, American biographer and literary forger (died2014)^[45]
December 11 –Thomas McGuane, American writer
December 18 –Michael Moorcock, English science fiction writer^[46]

Deaths

January 8 –Caton Theodorian, Romanian dramatist and novelist (born1871)
January 27 -Lewis Jones, Welsh miners' leader and novelist (born1897)^[47]
January 28 –W. B. Yeats, Irish poet (born1865)^[48]
February 2 –Amanda McKittrick Ros, Irish novelist and poet noted for herpurple prose (born1860)^[49]
February 5 –Teresa Mañé, Spanish teacher, editor and writer (born[1865)^[50]
February 18 –Okamoto Kanoko (岡本かの子, Ohnuki Kano), Japanesetanka poet (born1889)
February 22 –Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (born1875)^[51]
March 7 –Ludwig Fulda, German playwright and poet, suicide (born1862)^[52]
March 23 –Richard Halliburton, American travel writer (born1900)
April 5 –Sibyl Marvin Huse, French-born American author and teacher (born1866).^[53]
April 11 –S. S. Van Dine (Willard Huntington Wright), American crime novelist and art critic (born1888)^[54]
May 23 –Margarete Böhme, German novelist (born1867)^[55]
May 27 –Joseph Roth, Austrian novelist (born1894)^[56]
June 5 –Solomon Cleaver, Canadian storyteller and novelist (born1855)
June 13 –Volter Kilpi, Finnish novelist (born1874)^[57]
June 14 –Vladislav Khodasevich, Russian poet and critic (born1886)
June 26 –Ford Madox Ford (Ford Hermann Hueffer), English novelist (born1873)^[58]
July 5 –Mrs. O. F. Walton, English writer of Christian children's books (born1849)
July 8 –Havelock Ellis, English sexualpsychologist and writer (born1859)^[59]
August 7 –Leonard Merrick, English novelist (born1864)^[60]
August 15 –Federico Gamboa, Mexican diplomat and writer (born1864)^[61]
August 20 –Agnes Giberne, English children's writer (born1845)^[62]
August 23
- Sidney Howard, American writer (born1891)^[63]
- Robin Hyde (Iris Guiver Wilkinson), South African-born New Zealand poet and novelist, suicide (born1905)
August 31 –Wilhelm Bölsche, German journalist, editor and science writer (born[1861)^[64]
September 6 –Arthur Rackham, English book illustrator (born1867)^[65]
September 7 –Kyōka Izumi, Japanese author (b.1873)^[66]
September 19 –Ethel M. Dell, English romantic novelist (born1881)
October 23 –Zane Grey, American western novelist (born1872)
October 29 –Dwight B. Waldo, American educator and historian (born1864)
November –Pedro Nolasco Cruz Vergara, Chilean literary critic, novelist, writer, and politician (born1857)^[67]
November 6 –Eliza D. Keith, American educator, author, and journalist (born1854)^[68]
December 2 –Llewelyn Powys, English novelist and autobiographer (born1884)^[69]
December 13 –Frances Brackett Damon (Percy Larkin), American writer (born1857)^[70]
unknown dates
- Anna Braden, American author, editor, elocutionist (born1858)
- Mary Frances Dowdall, English novelist and non-fiction writer (born1876)
- Culai Neniu, Moldovan folklorist and dramatist (shot; born1905)

Awards

Carnegie Medal forchildren's literature:Eleanor Doorly,The Radium Woman
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction:Aldous HuxleyAfter Many a Summer Dies the Swan
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography:David C. Douglas,English Scholars
Newbery Medal forchildren's literature:Elizabeth Enright,Thimble Summer
Nobel Prize in Literature:Frans Eemil Sillanpää
Pulitzer Prize for Drama:Robert E. Sherwood,Abe Lincoln in Illinois
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry:John Gould Fletcher,Selected Poems
Pulitzer Prize for the Novel:Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings,The Yearling^[71]

References

^"History". The Kenyon Review. Archived fromthe original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved2007-01-26.
^Despina Kakoudaki (2014).Anatomy of a Robot: Literature, Cinema, and the Cultural Work of Artificial People. Rutgers University Press. p. 129.ISBN 9780813562179.
^Howarth, Herbert (Spring 1959). "T. S. Eliot'sCriterion: The Editor and His Contributors".Comparative Literature.11 (2):97–110.doi:10.2307/1768640.JSTOR 1768640.
^King, Steve."Chandler, Marlowe, The Big Sleep".Today in Literature. Retrieved2015-10-21.
^Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2007).Young Stalin. London: Phoenix. p. 100.ISBN 978-1-4072-2145-8.
^Daniel, Paul (1978). "Destinul unui poet". InFondane, Benjamin (ed.).Poezii. Bucharest: Editura Minerva. pp. 633–635.OCLC 252065138.
^Chignell, Hugh (2011).Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century. Springer. p. 50.ISBN 978-0-230-34645-1.
^Lawson, Mark (2014-11-01). "The daddy of Broadway".The Guardian. London. p. 18 (Review).
^Ian Ousby (23 February 1996).The Cambridge Paperback Guide to Literature in English. Cambridge University Press. p. 9.ISBN 978-0-521-43627-4.
^Aldous Huxley (1939).After Many a Summer: A Novel. Chatto and Windus.
^"Richard Llewellyn". BBC Wales. 28 November 2008. Retrieved25 December 2011.
^Drayton, Joanne (2008).Ngaio Marsh: Her Life in Crime. Harper Collins. pp. 136–147.ISBN 978000 7328680.
^Reilly, John M.Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015. Page 1089
^Deidre Lynch; William Beatty Warner (1996).Cultural Institutions of the Novel. Duke University Press. p. 169.ISBN 9780822318439.
^Theatre World, Volume 33, Issues 180-186. Iliffe Specialist Publications, 1940. p.116
^Wearing, J.P.The London Stage 1930-1939: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. Page 769
^"The Little Foxes".Playbill Vault. Retrieved2014-04-24.
^"Arsenic and Old Lace", Brooks Atkinson,The New York Times, 11 January 1941.
^"Margin for Error Opens".The New York Times. October 15, 1939. p. 48.
^Wearing, J. P. (2014).The London Stage 1930–1939: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 769.
^Cox, Michael, ed. (2004).The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-860634-5.
^Sheldon C. Penn (2011)."Oneiric landscapes of creation: Visions of life and death in José Gorostiza's 'Muerte sin fin'".Romance Studies (29 (4)):255–268.
^Miller, John R.; Fay, Eliot G. (1946). "Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: A Bibliography".The French Review.19 (5).American Association of Teachers of French: 299–309 [p. 300].JSTOR 381288.
^"Dichter en schrijver Jacques Hamelink (82) overleden".rd.nl. 18 November 2021. Archived fromthe original on 7 April 2023.
^Stephen Pollard (2009).Ten Days that Changed the Nation: The Making of Modern Britain. Simon & Schuster. p. 200.
^"World Who's Who Of Women 1990/91". Taylor & Francis. July 1, 1990 – via Google Books.
^Danuta Kean (February 28, 2018)."Penny Vincenzi obituary".The Guardian. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2021.
^Sidney Howard White (1984).Alan Ayckbourn. Twayne. p. 1.ISBN 9780805768701.
^Neil Corcoran (30 August 2013)."Seamus Heaney obituary".The Guardian. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2021.
^Pogrebin, Robin (May 15, 2001)."Jason Miller, Playwright and Actor, Dies at 62".The New York Times. RetrievedAugust 27, 2016.
^Kershner, Isabel (28 December 2018)."Amos Oz, Israeli Author and Peace Advocate, Dies at 79".The New York Times. Retrieved29 December 2018.
^Vicki K. Janik; Del Ivan Janik; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (2002).Modern British Women Writers: An A-to-Z Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99.ISBN 978-0-313-31030-0.
^"Brian Jacques".The Telegraph. 2011-02-08. Retrieved2023-11-28.
^"Robert James Waller, Author of 'The Bridges of Madison County', Dies at 77".The New York Times. RetrievedMarch 11, 2017.
^"Breyten Breytenbach". South African History Online. Retrieved30 July 2014.
^Barnett, David (8 June 2017)."Ed Victor obituary".The Guardian. Retrieved9 June 2017.
^"Bragg, Baron, (Melvyn Bragg) (born 6 Oct. 1939)".WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. 2007.doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u8507.ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4. Retrieved5 May 2021.
^Jeffries, Stuart (27 November 2019)."Clive James Obituary".The Guardian. Retrieved20 July 2020.
^"Grimes, William (July 12, 2010)."Harvey Pekar, 'American Splendor' Creator, Dies at 70".The New York Times.
^Europa Publications (2003).International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004. Psychology Press. p. 444.ISBN 978-1-85743-179-7.
^"Bengali poet Malay Roy Choudhury dies".New Age. 26 October 2023. Retrieved17 September 2024.
^Jeffrey Heath (1 January 1983).Picturesque Prison: Evelyn Waugh and His Writing. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 148.ISBN 978-0-7735-6088-8.
^Margaret Atwood (1988). Jan Garden Castro; Kathryn Van Spanckeren (eds.).Margaret Atwood: Vision and Forms. Southern Illinois University Press. p. xxix.ISBN 9780809314089.
^Barker, Dennis (21 November 2011)."Obituary: Shelagh Delaney".The Guardian. Retrieved10 June 2014.
^"Lee Israel, literary forger - obituary".The Telegraph. 24 February 2015. Retrieved1 April 2024.
^Wilfried Wilms; William Rasch (2006).Bombs Away!: Representing the Air War Over Europe and Japan. Rodopi. p. 235.ISBN 90-420-1759-7.
^The Anglo-Welsh Review. Dock Leaves Press. 1983. p. 62.
^K. P. S. Jochum (6 October 2006).The Reception of W. B. Yeats in Europe. A&C Black. p. 224.ISBN 978-0-8264-5963-3.
^Ormsby, Frank (1988).Thine in Storm and Calm: An Amanda McKittrick Ros Reader. Belfast St Paul: Blackstaff Press. p. 4.ISBN 978-0-85640-408-5.
^Davies, Catherine (1998)."The Libertarian Superwoman: Federica Montseny (1905-1994)".Spanish Women's Writing 1849–1996. London: Athlone Press. p. 78.ISBN 0-485-91006-3.LCCN 98-11468.OCLC 468307323.
^William Arrowsmith; James Fearon Brown (1966).The Chimera: A Rough Beast. p. 5.
^Lester, David (2005).Suicide and the Holocaust.Nova Publishers. p. 73.ISBN 978-1-59454-427-9.
^"Obituary, Sibyl Marvin Huse. Died April 5, 1939".The Courier-News. 6 April 1939. p. 1. Retrieved30 October 2022.
^The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated. 2002. p. 894.ISBN 978-0-7172-0135-8.
^Smith, Brian (1997).An encyclopedia of German women writers, 1900-1933 : biographies and bibliographies with exemplary readings. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press. p. 81.ISBN 9780773485846.
^Martin Kraft (May 27, 2009)."Joseph Roth: The Legend of the Holy Drinker".Krakow Post. RetrievedOctober 31, 2022.
^Assmann, Dietrich."Kilpi, Volter (1874-1939)".The National Biography of Finland. Biografiakeskus, Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved27 September 2016.
^August Nemo; Camille Flammarion (3 July 2019).Essential Novelists - Ford Madox Ford: The Redefinition of Modern Literature. Tacet Books. p. 3.ISBN 978-85-7777-331-2.
^Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Royal College of Physicians. 1968. p. 121.
^Who's who in the Theatre. Pitman. 1967. p. 1664.
^Bulletin of the Pan American Union. The Union. 1939. p. 676.
^Copson, Belinda (2004-09-23)."Giberne, Agnes (1845–1939)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/58972. Retrieved2020-10-18. (Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
^Arthur Gewirtz (2004).Sidney Howard and Clare Eames: American Theater's Perfect Couple of the 1920s. McFarland, Incorporated. p. 281.ISBN 9780786417513.
^"Bölsche, Wilhelm - Deutsche Biographie".
^Hamilton, James Stanley (2004-09-23). "Rackham, Arthur, (1867-1939)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35645. (Subscription orUK public library membership required.)
^Keene, Donald (1998). "Izumi Kyōka".Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature of the Modern Era. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 202–219.ISBN 0-231-11435-4.
^Alone; Hernán Díaz Arrieta (2001).Diario íntimo, 1917-1947. Zig-Zag. p. 72.
^"Obituary for Eliza D. Keith".San Francisco Examiner. November 6, 1939. RetrievedAugust 27, 2022.
^George Santayana (2001).The Letters of George Santayana. MIT Press. p. 143.ISBN 978-0-262-19495-2.
^"Mrs. Frances B. Damon". The Eastern Gazette 12-14-1939, p.5. Retrieved20 March 2022 – via abbott-library.com.
^Heinz-D. Fischer; Erika J. Fischer (14 February 2012).Chronicle of the Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction: Discussions, Decisions and Documents. Walter de Gruyter. p. 12.ISBN 978-3-11-097330-3.

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