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1938 Gettysburg reunion

Coordinates:39°50′22″N77°14′12″W / 39.8395°N 77.2366°W /39.8395; -77.2366
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American Civil War veterans reunion
For the 50th battle anniversary addressed by PresidentWoodrow Wilson, see1913 Gettysburg reunion.

1938 Gettysburg reunion
Gettysburg College &
Gettysburg National Military Park in United States
North of the veterans' camp, theEternal Light Peace Memorial was unveiled during the reunion.
Location
1938 Gettysburg reunion is located in Pennsylvania
1938 Gettysburg reunion
Coordinates39°50′22″N77°14′12″W / 39.8395°N 77.2366°W /39.8395; -77.2366
Site history
In useJune 29–July 6[1]
ceremonies & events: June 1–4[2]
Union and Confederate veterans shaking hands over the rock wall atThe Angle
Commemorative coin (obverse shown)
External media
Images
image icon"ATTENDANT" medal issued to veteran's son
image iconOverhead view of dedication
image iconRoosevelt seated with white fedora
image icon Veterans:GAR & UCV commanders,Stamets/Turnbough/Vance,Tift/Gordon/Wilson/Bollinger,Hatch/Wingrove
Video
video iconFilms of veterans, parade, camp, Roosevelt, unveiling, & handshake over stone wall withrebel yell
video iconTank parade at college, Roosevelt in convertible & accepting memorial

The1938 Gettysburg reunion was an encampment ofAmerican Civil Warveterans on theGettysburg Battlefield for the 75th anniversary of theBattle of Gettysburg. The gathering included approximately 25 veterans of the battle[3]: 72  with a further 1,359 Federal and 486 Confederate attendees[4] out of the 8,000 living veterans of the war.[5] The veterans averaged 94 years of age.[6] Transportation, quarters, and subsistence was federally funded for each veteran and their accompanying attendant.[7] If an attendant was needed it was provided.[1][8] PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt's July 3 reunion address preceded the unveiling of theEternal Light Peace Memorial; anewsreel with part of the address was included in theWestinghouse Time Capsule for the1939 New York World's Fair.

The reunion's support personnel included 19 officers and 250 enlisted men of thePennsylvania National Guard, and there were 3,185United States Army personnel in total.[9] A"regular army camp" that displayed modern weapons was east of the northward tracks of theReading Railroad to the Gettysburg College buildings,[3]: 64–5  while the Third Corps headquarters tent was south of Gettysburg nearThe Angle.[10] There were 548 police; from thePennsylvania State Police and officers fromNew York City,Philadelphia, andPittsburgh;[9] and aGettysburg College building[11] was the "base hospital"[12] under the First Regular Army Medical Regiment.[13]

Fundraising

[edit]

To raise reunion funds,[14] in June 1936 Congress authorized 50,000 US Mintcommemorative half dollars. TheBattle of Gettysburg half dollar was dated 1936 despite being struck in 1937.[15] SculptorFrank Vittor had used Union veteran James Power Stanley of the Battles of theWilderness,Cold Harbor,North Anna, andSpotsylvania for the model,[16] A special US postage stamp was also advocated for the reunion's opening day.[17] Unsold coins were destroyed.[15][18]

Chronology

[edit]
  • 1935: Pennsylvania created a commission for the seventy-fifth anniversary of the battle of Gettysburg[19]
  • 1936: The House Military Affairs Committee recommended theHaines Bill for forming a federal committee to work with the Pennsylvania reunion commission.[20]
  • 1937 January 25: State senatorJohn S. Rice, chairman of the Pennsylvania reunion commission, sponsored a bill for the commission to develop a memorial to be dedicated at the 1938 reunion, with a "Gettysburg Peace Memorial Fund" for anobservation deck 75 ft (23 m) above theBig Round Top summit and a flame 30 feet higher[21] (theabandoned 1910 plan was for a 1913 cornerstone atThe Angle.)
  • 1937 February 6: The first joint meeting of the federal and Pennsylvania state commissions.[21]
  • 1937 May 8: The Pennsylvania reunion commission's headquarters at the Hotel Gettysburg annex began selling the "Gettysburg commemorative half dollars" for $1.65; the hotel and two Gettysburg banks also sold the coins.[14]

1938

[edit]

January 15: The navy sent the 75-manMarine Corps Band for the reunion (four other bands were also at the camp).[22]
February:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, formed a nine-person committee for the reunion.[23]
April 18: TheWorks Progress Administration began improvements to the 25 sq mi (65 km2) of the Gettysburg National Military Park.[24]
April 26: Veterans' camp construction began at the "north end of Gettysburg College and on adjacent private property".[3]: 52  TheCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC) onSeminary Ridge provided manpower for building the veterans camp,[25] and about 50 enrollees atCCC camp MP-2 of Company #1355-C served as guides for the veterans.[26]
May 16: PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt signed the bill[27] for the federal transportation and camp appropriations of $900,000[1] (federalmemorial funding had also failed in 1912).
June 25: The1st Medical Regiment arrived fromCarlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania to provide medical care for the reunion.[28]
June 29: Twelve special Pullman trains arrived carrying veterans[29] (4 from the east, with the remainder from the north and west).[30]

Events

[edit]

July 1, Friday (Reunion Day): Opening ceremonies in theGettysburg College Stadium[31] were in the morning and included an address by Secretary of WarHarry Hines Woodring, chairman of the United States Commission.

July 2, Saturday (Veterans' and Governors' Day)
- The 3-mile-long parade[32] for2+12 hours was between the reviewing stand in the college stadium and the intersection of the Baltimore Pike and the Emmitsburg Road, through the Lincoln Square; and included three groups: distinguished visitors first, followed by U. S. Army units and equipment, and more than 50 drum and bugle corps.[33]
- AMarine Corps Band concert was held in the Gettysburg College stadium (the only remaining Jewish Civil War veteran, Daniel Harris, was a guest on the platform).[34]
July 3, Sunday (President's Day)
- Sunday morning memorial service in college stadium[12]
- Veterans shook hands across the stone wall at The Angle as during the1913 Gettysburg reunion.[4]
- Attendance for theEternal Light Peace Memorial dedication was 250,000 (100,000 were "stuck on automobile-packed highways".)[35]
- As Roosevelt's 9 minute address ended at sunset, the Peace Memorial covered by a 50-foot (15 m) flag[11] was unveiled by George N. Lockwood and Confederate A. G. Harris (both age 91)[36] with 2 regular army attendants.[34]
- Army aircraft staged a simulated air raid on Gettysburg[37] at dusk, and searchlights were directed from the ground at the planes while they dropped flares.[38]
July 4, Monday (United States Army Day)
- Military demonstrations included maneuvers by "31 fast light tanks" (according to the New York Times account), likely theM2 light tank (the only light tank in the US arsenal at the time), of the66th Infantry's Provisional Tank Battalion near the college's Glatfelter Hall[3]: 75  and an air show with 18Northrop A-17As fromBarksdale Field and, fromLangley Field, 18Consolidated PB-2s & 6B-17 Flying Fortresses.[3]: 52 
- Fireworks were launched[39] from the crest of Oak hill.[40]

July 5: The62nd Coastal Artillery departed forFort Totten, the12th Infantry (without 1 company) toFort Howard (Maryland), and the Third Cavalry toFort Myer.[34]
July 6: The 66th Infantry departed forFort Meade and the6th Field Artillery toFort Hoyle.[34]
July 7: The34th Infantry (without 1 company) departed for Fort Meade.[34]
July 8: The 34th Infantry headquarters company departed for Fort Meade (the8th Quartermaster Regiment remained until ~July 25 to dismantle the veterans camp.)[34]
September 23: AWorld's Fair time capsule with a "permanent acetate film byRKO-Pathé" (15 minute newsreel)[41] with part of Roosevelt's Gettysburg reunion address and numerous other events was lowered into a 50 ft well.[42]

Veteran attendance[9]/reservations[7]
State#
California150
Texas130
Pennsylvania115
Ohio103
Georgia63
Florida48
Mississippi42
North Carolina35
30 others, avg34
Alabama32
Tennessee31
Maryland[43]22
South Carolina19
Kentucky16
Louisiana15
Virginia14
Arkansas9
Nevada1
Wyoming1
Rhode Island0

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"Gettysburg Celebration to be Attended by 3,500 Vets".The Daily Times. June 11, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2011.
  2. ^"Blue and Gray Reunion".Schenectady Gazette. June 14, 1938. RetrievedNovember 26, 2016 – via Google News Archive Search.
  3. ^abcdeCohen, Stan B (1982).Hands Across the Wall.Charleston, West Virginia: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co.
    p. 64 NOTE: The overhead camp image shows tents south of Howard Av and west of the Biglerville Rd beyond the Mummasburg Rd to the formerReading Railroad line which extended northward from the rail "+" intersection (bottom left of photo) before the northward railway was moved westward circa 1939 when theRound Top Branch was removed.
    p. 75 NOTE: The image of tanks side-by side has the 1888 Glatfelter Hall behind at a distance and an angle which places the tanks to the southwest, nearly on the current location of a portion of Constitution Av.
  4. ^abSalmon, John S (2007).Historic Photos of Gettysburg. Turner Publishing Company.ISBN 978-1-59652-323-4.LCCN 2006937078. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011 – via Google Books.
  5. ^"Anniversary Reunions of Civil War Veterans". GSA.gov. Archived fromthe original on October 5, 2002. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  6. ^"Veterans Reunion At Gettysburg Closes Monday".Eugene Register-Guard. July 5, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  7. ^abNOTE: The following news article's numbers for reservations areitalicized in the table:"TWO VETERANS OF CIVIL WAR CLASP HANDS".St. Petersburg Times. June 28, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  8. ^"Blue and Gray Meet".The Cambridge City Tribune. July 14, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  9. ^abc"Here and There: ...four-star peak of Big Things that came to Gettysburg..."Gettysburg Times. Times and News Publishing Company. April 21, 1944. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  10. ^"Woodring, Earle speak At Veterans' Reunion".Reading Eagle. July 1, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011.the headquarter's tent of Major General James K. Parsons, of the Third Corps area, pitched within easy pistol shot ofthat bloody angle where Pickett's men notched the extreme advance of the battle.
  11. ^ab"Throng at Gettysburg Hears Roosevelt Call For Peace Campaign".Reading Eagle. July 4, 1938.Whitworth guns of Hill's Corps[on Oak Hill] that raked Union positions onBig Round Top, a mile and a half [sic] distant. (Roosevelt 1913 Gettysburg reunion address)
  12. ^ab"Here and There with the Vets"(Google News Archive).Star and Sentinel. July 9, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 12, 2011.The following veterans and attendants attended the anniversary fromLong Beach. ... Hammaker, 94, left the Warner hospital today for the base hospital
  13. ^"Gettysburg's Last Reunion Days End".The Pittsburgh Press. July 5, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2011.
  14. ^ab"Reunion Coins On Sale Here".Gettysburg Compiler. May 8, 1937. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  15. ^ab"Battle of Gettysburg Half Dollar". CoinSite.com. Archived fromthe original on December 14, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  16. ^"Veteran Poses for Commemorative Coin".Prescott Evening Courier. May 24, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011.
  17. ^"Public Thinks".The Modesto Bee. February 16, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  18. ^Ed Rochette (November 25, 1984)."Citizens in battle to save the sanctity of Gettysburg". Coin Roundup.The Vindicator. RetrievedNovember 26, 2016 – via Google News Archive Search.
  19. ^"Senator Rice Sponsors Bill for Gettysburg Peace Memorial".Gettysburg Compiler. January 20, 1937. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011.
  20. ^"House Group Approves U. S. Reunion Aid".Gettysburg Times. Times and News Publishing Company. April 10, 1935. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  21. ^ab"Measure Calls for Creation of $100,000 Fund; Eternal Light To Be Built on Battlefield and Dedicated at Anniversary and Reunion in 1938" & "'1938' Banquet is Postponed".The Star and Sentinel. January 30, 1937. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011.
  22. ^"Marine Band to Play Here".The Star and Sentinel. January 15, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  23. ^"9 Citizens Will Arrange Town's Reunion Plans".The Star and Sentinel. February 6, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  24. ^"Gettysburg Area to be Renovated for Reunion".Lawrence Journal-World. April 18, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  25. ^Nagle, George F."Research Project-CCC Camps". Afrolumens.com. Archived fromthe original on September 22, 2007. RetrievedJune 1, 2010.
  26. ^At Work in Penn's Woods: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Pennsylvania. Penn State Press.ISBN 0271047372. RetrievedMarch 20, 2011.
  27. ^[1]
  28. ^"Blue and Gray reunion at Gettysburg, PA, June 29 - July 6, 1938".Army Medical Bulletin, 1922-1949 (46):29–38. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on April 5, 2016. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018.
  29. ^"Plans Completed for Gettysburg's Big Celebration".The Daily Times. June 28, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  30. ^"Local News".New Oxford Item. June 23, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  31. ^"Blue, Gray Veterans Gather At Gettysburg for Reunion".Reading Eagle. June 29, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
    NOTE: The "stadium" identity is unclear, asa Gettysburg College tribute page states the dedication game ofMemorial Stadium was the14-12 Bucknell upset in 1928.Archived 2016-03-04 at theWayback Machine Butthe College's embellished sports page forClark Field has the contradictory claim it was "erected in 1938 in a ceremony attended by PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt." However, the herein references clearly identify the contradiction that Roosevelt, on the planned stopover en route fromHyde Park NY to theWhite House, traveled to and from the 1938 Oak Hill dedication directly by motorcade from/to his special train for the 9 minute reunion address. Moreover, the claim that the stadium was "erected in ... a ceremony attended by ... Roosevelt" is dubious since the stands, press box, and other depicted stadium structures required more than the time of a "ceremony" to be erected (and reunion facilities were in place before Roosevelt arrived). Although Roosevelt, whose train was near the extension of West Lincoln Av, may have passed near the construction; a source is needed to identify if the President alsoattended a ceremony at (unfinished?)Clark Field. (In 1918, the college'sNixon Field had been used forCamp Colt athletics.)
  32. ^[2]
  33. ^"Gray And Blue Reunion Temp Quickens For Second Day".The Miami News. July 2, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2011.
  34. ^abcdef"President Roosevelt Dedicates Eternal Light Peace Memorial to Cause of Peace Before 200,000 as Climax to 75th Anniversary of Civil War Battle".Star and Sentinel. July 9, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2011.
  35. ^"Peace Eternal in a Nation United".Virtual Tour - Day One: Oak Hill. NPS.gov. Archived fromthe original on December 10, 2006. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  36. ^"Roosevelt Dedicates Peace Shrine".The Evening Independent. July 4, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  37. ^"Flame Burning on Monument at Gettysburg".The Telegraph Herald. July 4, 1938. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2011.
  38. ^"Flags, Bunting Brighten Town for Battle Fete".Gettysburg Times. June 23, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  39. ^"Aged Veterans Gather on Gettysburg Field".The Bulletin. June 21, 1938. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  40. ^"Veterans Depart from Gettysburg Field After Colorful Reunion".Reading Eagle. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
  41. ^"A Picture of Today for a World 5000 Years Away"(Paperspast webpage).The Saturday Evening Post. Vol. CXXVI, no. 116. November 12, 1938. p. 28. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  42. ^"Capsule Contents". DavidSZond.com. Archived fromthe original on November 21, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2011.
  43. ^"Back in Those Days..."Gettysburg Times. April 26, 2001. RetrievedJuly 2, 2018 – via Google News Archive Search.
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