 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roger Martin du Gard | ||||
 "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault." | ||||
| Date |
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| Location | Stockholm, Sweden | |||
| Presented by | Swedish Academy | |||
| First award | 1901 | |||
| Website | Official website | |||
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The1937Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French authorRoger Martin du Gard (1881–1958) "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycleLes Thibault".[2]
Roger Martin du Gard was awarded for the then seven-part (a final eight part was later published) novel cycleLes Thibault (1922-1940), that chronicles a family of thebourgeoisie from the turn of the 19th century toWorld War I. His other work includes the novelJean Barois (1913) that deals with the conflict between theRoman catholic faith of his childhood and the scientific materialism of his maturity and the impact of theDreyfus affair on the protagonist, sketches of French country life inVielle France ("Old France", 1933), a study of the author and his friendAndré Gide (Notes sur André Gide, 1951), anddramas.[3]
The multi-volume roman-fleuveLes Thibault influenced the Nobel Committee in awarding Du Gard the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature. It follows intricately the fortunes of two brothers, Antoine and Jacques Thibault, from their upbringing in a prosperous Catholic bourgeois family to the end of theFirst World War. The novel was admired by authors likeAndré Gide,Albert Camus,Clifton Fadiman, andGeorg Lukacs. In contrast, Mary McCarthy called it "a work whose learned obtuseness is, so far as I know, unequaled in fiction."[4]
Roger Martin du Gard had been nominated for the prize five times since1934.[5] In 1937, the Nobel committee received 62 nominations for 37 writers includingFrans Emil Sillanpää (awarded in1939),Paul Valéry,Paul Claudel,Kostis Palamas,António Correia de Oliveira,Bertel Gripenberg,Karel Capek andGeorges Duhamel. Fourteen were newly nominated such asStijn Streuvels,Jean Giono,Johan Falkberget,Valdemar Rørdam andAlbert Verwey. Most nominations were submitted for the Danish authorJohannes V. Jensen (awarded in1944) with seven nominations. There were seven female nominees namelyMaria Madalena de Martel Patrício,Ricarda Huch,Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić,Maila Talvio,Maria Jotuni,Cecile Tormay andSally Salminen.[6]
The authorsLou Andreas-Salomé,J. M. Barrie,Ellis Parker Butler,Aleksey Chapygin,Ralph Connor,Francis de Croisset,Alberto de Oliveira,John Drinkwater,Florence Dugdale,Edward Garnett,Antonio Gramsci,Frances Nimmo Greene,Ivor Gurney,Elizabeth Haldane,Élie Halévy,W. F. Harvey,Ilya Ilf,Attila József,H. P. Lovecraft,Don Marquis,H. C. McNeile,Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj,Rudolf Otto,Mittie Frances Point (known as Mrs. Alex. McVeigh Miller),Horacio Quiroga,Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo andYevgeny Zamyatin died in 1937 without having been nominated for the prize. The Dutch poet Albert Verwey died before the only chance to be rewarded.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | René Béhaine (1880–1966) |  France | novel, short story, essays |
|
| 2 | Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938) |  Yugoslavia(  Croatia) | novel, short story |
|
| 3 | Paul Claudel (1868–1955) | France | poetry, drama, essays, memoir | Peter Hjalmar Rokseth (1891–1945) |
| 4 | António Correia de Oliveira (1878–1960) |  Portugal | poetry | Luís da Cunha Gonçalvez (1875–1956) |
| 5 | Karel Čapek (1890–1938) |  Czechoslovakia | drama, novel, short story, essays, literary criticism | Josef Šusta (1874–1945)[a] |
| 6 | Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) | Portugal | poetry, essays | António Baião (1878–1961) |
| 7 | Roger Martin du Gard (1881–1958) | France | novel, drama, memoir | Torsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941) |
| 8 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | France | novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism |
|
| 9 | Olav Duun (1876–1939) |  Norway | novel, short story | Helga Eng (1875–1966) |
| 10 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) | Norway | novel, short story, essays | Fredrik Paasche (1886–1943) |
| 11 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | France | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama |
|
| 12 | Bertel Gripenberg (1878–1947) |  Finland Sweden | poetry, drama, essays | Magnus Hammarström (1893–1941) |
| 13 | Vilhelm Grønbech (1873–1948) |  Denmark | history, essays, poetry | William Norvin (1878–1940) |
| 14 | Jarl Hemmer (1893–1944) | Finland | poetry, novel | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 15 | Ricarda Huch (1864–1947) |  Germany | history, essays, novel, poetry |
|
| 16 | Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (1873–1950) | Denmark | novel, short story, essays |
|
| 17 | Maria Jotuni (1880–1943) | Finland | drama, novel, short story, essays | Viljo Tarkiainen (1879–1951) |
| 18 | Ludwig Klages (1872–1956) | Germany | philosophy, poetry, essays | Wilhelm Pinder (1878–1947) |
| 19 | Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (1878–1962) |  Austria | novel, short story, poetry, drama | Heinz Kindermann (1894–1985) |
| 20 | Maurice Magre (1877–1941) | France | novel, poetry, drama |
|
| 21 | Bijay Chandra Majumdar (1861–1942) |  India | essays | Sen Satyendranath (1909–?) |
| 22 | John Masefield (1878–1967) |  United Kingdom | poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays, autobiography | Anders Österling (1884–1981) |
| 23 | Dmitry Merezhkovsky (1865–1941) |  Soviet Union | novel, essays, poetry, drama | Sigurd Agrell (1881–1937) |
| 24 | Kostis Palamas (1859–1943) |  Greece | poetry, essays | Nikos Athanasiou Veēs (1882–1958) |
| 25 | Jules Payot (1859–1940) | France | pedagogy, philosophy | Alfred Baudrillart, C.O. (1859–1942) |
| 26 | William Pickard (1889–1973) | United Kingdom | novel, poetry, essays | Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952) |
| 27 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | India | philosophy, essays, law | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 28 | Valdemar Rørdam (1872–1946) | Denmark | poetry, essays | Ejnar Thomsen (1897–1956) |
| 29 | Sally Salminen (1906–1976) | Finland | novel, essays, autobiography | Albert Engström (1869–1940) |
| 30 | Arnold Schering (1877–1941) | Germany | essays | Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) |
| 31 | Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964) | Finland | novel, short story, poetry |
|
| 32 | Stijn Streuvels (1871–1969) |  Belgium | novel, short story |
|
| 33 | Maila Talvio (1871–1951) | Finland | novel, short story, translation | Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) |
| 34 | Shaul Tchernichovsky (1875–1943) | Soviet UnionMandatory Palestine | poetry, essays, translation | Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) |
| 35 | Cécile Tormay (1875–1937) |  Hungary | novel, short story, essays, translation |
|
| 36 | Paul Valéry (1871–1945) | France | poetry, philosophy, essays, drama | Gabriel Hanotaux (1853–1944) |
| 37 | Albert Verwey (1865–1937) |  Netherlands | poetry, essays, translation |
|
A majority of the members of theSwedish Academy's Nobel committee advocated a prize to the Flemish Belgian writerStijn Streuvels, but ultimately it was Roger Martin du Gard who received the majority of the votes from the members of the Academy.[7]
