1936 Manitoba general election

← 1932 July 27, 1936 1941 →
← elected members elected members →
55 seats of theLegislative Assembly of Manitoba 27 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader John Bracken Errick Willis Party Liberal–Progressive Conservative Leader since August 8, 1922 June 9, 1936 Leader's seat The Pas Deloraine Last election 38 10 Seats won 23 16 Seat change 15 6 Popular vote 91,357 71,927 Percentage 35.3% 27.8% Swing 4.3pp 7.6pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader Seymour Farmer none Party ILP-CCF Social Credit Leader since 1936 Leader's seat Winnipeg Last election 5 - Seats won 7 7 Seat change 2 new Popular vote 30,983 23,413 Percentage 12.0% 9.0% Swing 4.5pp new
Premier before election John Bracken Liberal–Progressive Premier after election John Bracken Liberal–Progressive

The1936 Manitoba general election was held July 27, 1936 to elect Members of theLegislative Assembly of the Province ofManitoba, Canada. The Liberal-Progressives won minority government in this election, taking 23 seats out of 55 and 35 percent of the vote.

This was the second election in Manitoba after the formation of aLiberal-Progressive alliance in 1932. The Progressive Party, which had governed the province since 1922, forged an alliance with the Liberal Party just prior to the1932 provincial election to prevent theConservative Party from winning. This alliance won the 1932 election underPremierJohn Bracken's leadership, and the two parties had effectively become united by 1936.

The Liberal-Progressives faced opposition from a variety of parties in the 1936 election. The Conservative Party remained the dominant opposition group, and the most serious challenge to the government. On the left, theIndependent Labour Party (ILP) formed an alliance with the nationalCo-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and contested the election as the ILP-CCF. TheCommunist Party also fielded a strong candidate inWinnipeg, while the upstartSocial Credit League also ran candidates, hoping to repeatWilliam Aberhart's surprising victory inAlberta the previous year.

Despite economic hardships in the province, Bracken expected that his government would be returned with another majority. He was mistaken. Although the Liberal-Progressives won the election, they could claim only twenty-two seats out of 53 after the initial results were declared. The Conservative party, under its new leader, former federalMember of Parliament (MP)Errick Willis, finished a close second with sixteen. The ILP-CCF won seven seats, while the Social Credit League unexpectedly won five. One independent Liberal was also elected. A number of rural ridings, which had previously supported Liberal-Progressive candidates, shifted to the Conservatives or to Social Credit in this poll.

The greatest surprise of the election occurred in theWinnipeg constituency, which elected ten members via asingle transferable ballot. Former judgeLewis Stubbs, an independent leftist, received an astounding 24,805 votes on the first ballot, almost 20,000 more than his nearest competitor. The second-place candidate, moreover, wasJames Litterick, the first openly declaredcommunist to win election at the state or federal level inNorth America.

After the election, Bracken attempted to persuade Errick Willis to form a four-year alliance of the Liberal-Progressive and Conservative parties, so as to provide a stable government for the province. Willis rejected the offer the same day, claiming his caucus was unwilling to accept it.

The provincial impasse continued until August 13, when the Social Credit League unexpectedly announced that it would provide support to Bracken's government in the legislature. Social Credit did not formally join with the Liberal-Progressives in acoalition government, but provided critical support to Bracken'sminority government for the next four years.

Ironically, Bracken's own constituency ofThe Pas was the site of one of the two deferred elections. He was re-elected, while a second Independent Liberal was returned inRupertsland.

Including the Social Credit MLAs, Bracken's government could count on the support of only 28 members out of 55. He was nonetheless able to keep his government intact for four years, and in late 1940 formed a new wartime coalition government with the Conservatives, CCF and Social Credit. This coalition contested the1941 election, and won a landslide majority.

The Communist Party was not included in this coalition, as it had been declared illegal after the start of World War II.James Litterick was expelled from the legislature in 1940 and went into hiding. He and CPC leader Tim Buck surrendered themselves to police in 1942 and spent time in theDon Jail, being released in 1942 or 1943. Litterick's whereabouts after the war are unknown. His disappearance has been the cause of speculation in the Canadian left. Some say that he was a spy for theRoyal Canadian Mounted Police, and that he was killed as a traitor during the war by other members of the Communist Party. This has never been verified, however.

Like the previous Manitoba elections, all the voters cast preferential votes. Ten MLAs were elected in Winnipeg throughSingle transferable votes; all others were elected throughInstant-runoff voting.

Manitoba general election (July 27, 1936)^[1]

Party		Leader	First-preference votes		Seats
			Votes	%FPv	Cand.	1932	Elected	Change
	Liberal–Progressive	John Bracken	91,357	36.1	49	36	23	13
	Conservative	Errick Willis	71,927	28.4	37	10	16	6
	ILP-CCF	Seymour Farmer	30,983	17.3	13	5	7	2
	Independent		27,552	10.9	4	–	1	1
	Social Credit	–	23,413	9.2	12	–	5	5
	Communist	James Litterick	5,864	2.3	1	–	1	1
	Independent-Liberal		2,340	0.9	2	–	2	2
	Independent-LP		–	–	–	2	–	2
	Independent-Progressive		–	–	–	1	–	1
	Independent-Farmer-Labour		–	–	–	1	–	1
Valid			253,436	100.0	118	55	55	–
Rejected			5,524
Total votes cast			258,960
Registered voters/Turnout[a 1]			391,902	66.1

Bold names indicate members returned byacclamation. Incumbents are marked with *.

Among the single-member ridings, there was only one case where the first-place candidate in first-preference votes failed to win:

Winnipeg:

Ten MLAs were elected throughSingle transferable vote.

* - Incumbent

• 1936 elections in Canada
• Elections in Manitoba
• 1936 in Manitoba
• July 1936 in Canada

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