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1922

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This article is about the year 1922. For other uses, see1922 (disambiguation).

From top to bottom, left to right: TheIrish Civil War erupts between pro- and anti-Treaty forces after the creation of theIrish Free State, plungingIreland into a brutal struggle; theMarch on Rome bringsBenito Mussolini and theNational Fascist Party to power in theKingdom of Italy, launching fascist rule; thediscovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in theValley of the Kings byHoward Carter sparks worldwide fascination with ancient Egypt; theBurning of Smyrna devastates the city in the final phase of theGreco-Turkish War, causing massive destruction and a humanitarian crisis; theWashington Naval Treaty limits naval arms among leading powers to prevent another costly race; and theTreaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics forms theSoviet Union, uniting multiple republics under one federal government.

Calendar year

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1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925
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1922 by topic
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Afghanistan Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan New Zealand Norway Palestine Mandate Philippines Portugal Russia South Africa Soviet Union Spain Sweden United Kingdom United States
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Birth and death categories
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v t e

1922 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	1922 MCMXXII
Ab urbe condita	2675
Armenian calendar	1371 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԱ
Assyrian calendar	6672
Baháʼí calendar	78–79
Balinese saka calendar	1843–1844
Bengali calendar	1328–1329
Berber calendar	2872
British Regnal year	12 Geo. 5 – 13 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2466
Burmese calendar	1284
Byzantine calendar	7430–7431
Chinese calendar	辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 4619 or 4412 — to — 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 4620 or 4413
Coptic calendar	1638–1639
Discordian calendar	3088
Ethiopian calendar	1914–1915
Hebrew calendar	5682–5683
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1978–1979
-Shaka Samvat	1843–1844
-Kali Yuga	5022–5023
Holocene calendar	11922
Igbo calendar	922–923
Iranian calendar	1300–1301
Islamic calendar	1340–1341
Japanese calendar	Taishō 11 (大正１１年)
Javanese calendar	1852–1853
Juche calendar	11
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4255
Minguo calendar	ROC 11 民國11年
Nanakshahi calendar	454
Thai solar calendar	2464–2465
Tibetan calendar	ལྕགས་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Iron-Bird) 2048 or 1667 or 895 — to — ཆུ་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Water-Dog) 2049 or 1668 or 896

Wikimedia Commons has media related to1922.

1922 (MCMXXII) was acommon year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar, the 1922nd year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini (AD) designations, the 922nd year of the2nd millennium, the 22nd year of the20th century, and the 3rd year of the1920s decade. As of the start of 1922, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Calendar year

Events

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January

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Main article:January 1922

January 7 –Dáil Éireann, the parliament of theIrish Republic, ratifies theAnglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.^[1]
January 10 –Arthur Griffith is electedPresident of Dáil Éireann, the day afterÉamon de Valera resigns.^[2]
January 11 – The first successfulinsulin treatment of diabetes is made, byFrederick Banting in Toronto.^[3]
January 15 –Michael Collins becomesChairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State.
January 26 – Italian forces occupyMisrata,Libya; thereconquest of Libya begins.

February

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Main article:February 1922

February 6
- Pope Pius XI (Achille Ratti) succeedsPope Benedict XV, to become the 259thpope.^[4]
- TheFive Power Naval Disarmament Treaty is signed between the United States, United Kingdom,Japan,France andItaly. Japan returns some of its control over theShandong Peninsula to China.
February 8
- President of the United States Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio in theWhite House.
- In theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, theCheka becomes theGosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie (GPU), a section of theNKVD.
February 10–17 –Modern Art Week inSão Paulo marks the start ofModernism inBrazil.^[5]
February 14
- Finnish Minister of the InteriorHeikki Ritavuori is assassinated byErnst Tandefelt.
- Baragoola, the last of the Binngarra classManly ferries, is launched atBalmain, New South Wales.
February 15 – The inaugural session of thePermanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) is held inThe Hague.^[6]
February 26 –Leser v. Garnett: TheSupreme Court of the United States rebuffs a challenge to theNineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave women the right to vote on the same terms as men.
February 28 – TheUnilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom ends itsprotectorate overEgypt, and grants the country nominalindependence, reserving control of military and diplomatic matters.^[7]^{[page needed]}^[8]^[9]

March

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Main article:March 1922

March 2
- An ice mass breaks theOder Dam inBreslau.
- TheBritish Civil Aviation Authority is established.
March 4 – The silent horror filmNosferatu is premièred at the Berlin Zoological Garden in Germany.
March 10 –Mahatma Gandhi is arrested inBombay forsedition.
March 13 –Edward, Prince of Wales, inaugurates thePrince of Wales Royal Indian Military College inDehradun, India, marking a capitulation of theGovernor General andSecretary of State for India to growing pressure for Indianization of the officer cadre of theIndian Army.
March 15 – WithEgypt having gained self-government from the United Kingdom,Fuad I becomesKing of Egypt.^[10]
March 16 – TheRand Rebellion, which began as a strike by white South African mine workers on28 December 1921 and became open rebellion against the state, is suppressed.
March 18 – InBritish India,Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison forsedition (he serves only two).
March 20 – TheUSSLangley is commissioned as the firstUnited States Navy aircraft carrier.
March 22 – Radio stationWLW inCincinnati begins broadcasting.^[11]
March 23 –Queensland, Australia, abolishes the Legislative Council (Upper House).
March 26 – TheGerman Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland.
March 31 – Six die in theHinterkaifeck murders north ofMunich.

April

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Main article:April 1922

April 1 – South African Railways takes control of all railway operations inSouth West Africa.^[12]^[13]
April 3 –Joseph Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party.
April 7 –1922 Picardie mid-air collision: The first midair collision between airliners occurs, between aDaimler Airway de Havilland DH.18 and aGrands Express Aériens Farman Goliath overPoix-de-Picardie,Amiens, France.
April 10 –Genoa Conference: The representatives of 34 countries convene to speak inGenoa,Italy about monetary economics, in the wake of World War I.
April 12 – The United Kingdom'sPrince of Wales arrives in Yokohama aboardHMSRenown and rides by train to Tokyo, starting a one-month visit to Japan.^[14]^[15]
April 13 – The State ofMassachusetts opens all public offices to women.
April 16 – TheTreaty of Rapallo marks a rapprochement between theWeimar Republic andBolshevik Russia.
April 24 – The first portion of theImperial Wireless Chain, a strategic internationalwireless telegraphy network created to link theBritish Empire, is opened, from the UK to Egypt.

May

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Main article:May 1922

May 8 – InMoscow, eight priests, two laymen and one woman are sentenced to death for opposition to the Soviet government's confiscation of church property.
May 18 –Sergei Diaghilev,Igor Stravinsky,Pablo Picasso,Marcel Proust,James Joyce,Erik Satie andClive Bell dine together at theHotel Majestic in Paris, their only joint meeting.^[16]^{[page needed]}
May 19 – TheAll-Russian Young Pioneer Organisation is established.
May 29 – British Liberal MPHoratio Bottomley is jailed for seven years forfraud.
May 30 – In Washington, D.C., United States, theLincoln Memorial is dedicated.^[17]

June

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Main article:June 1922

June 1
- Bolshevik forces defeatBasmachi troops, underEnver Pasha.
- The first issue of the magazineKrestyanka is published inRussia.^[18]^{[full citation needed]}
June 9 –Åland's Regional Assembly convenes for its first plenary session inMariehamn, Åland;^[19] the day will be celebrated asSelf-Government Day of Åland.^[20]
June 11 –Robert J. Flaherty'sNanook of the North, the first commercially successful feature-lengthdocumentary film, is premiered in the U.S.^[21]^{[page needed]}
June 14 –President of the United States Warren G. Harding makes his first speech on the radio.
June 22 –Irish Republican Army agents assassinate British Army field marshalSir Henry Wilson in London; the assassins are sentenced to death onJuly 18.^[22]
June 24 –Weimar Republic foreign ministerWalther Rathenau is assassinated; the murderers are captured onJuly 17.
June 26 – Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi becomes Reigning PrinceLouis II ofMonaco.
June 28
- TheIrish Civil War andBattle of Dublin begin when the IrishNational Army, usingartillery loaned by the British, begins to bombard theanti-Treaty Irish Republican Army forces occupying theFour Courts inDublin. Fighting in Dublin lasts untilJuly 5.
- TheSyrian Federation is constituted by arrêté ofHenri Gouraud.
June 29 –Subhi Barakat becomes president of theSyrian Federation.

July

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Main article:July 1922

July 11 – TheHollywood Bowl open-air music venue opens.
July 17 – The final signings ofTreaty 11, an agreement betweenGeorge V, King of Canada, and various CanadianFirst Nations, are conducted atFort Liard.
July 20 – The German protectorate ofTogoland is divided into theLeague of Nations mandates ofFrench Togoland andBritish Togoland.
July 27 – TheCherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast is established within theRussian SFSR.
July –Hyperinflation in Germany means that 563marks are now needed to buy a single Americandollar – more than double the 263 needed eight months before, dwarfing the mere 12 needed inApril 1919, and even the 47 needed in December of that year.

August

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Main article:August 1922

August 2 – The1922 Swatow typhoon hitsShantou, China, killing more than 5,000 people.
August 22 –Irish Civil War: GeneralMichael Collins is assassinated in West Cork.^[23]
August 23
- Morocco revolts against the Spanish.^{[citation needed]}
August 26
- A Turkish large-scale attack opens against Greek forces in Afyon; Turkish victory is achieved onAugust 30.
August 28 –Japan agrees to withdraw its troops fromSiberia.
August
- Hyperinflation in Germany sees the value of the Papiermark against the dollar rise to 1,000.
- The last huntedCalifornia grizzly bear is shot.

September

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Main article:September 1922

September 3 – TheAutodromo Nazionale di Monza, the world's third purpose-builtmotorsport race track, is officially opened atMonza in theLombardy Region ofItaly.^[24]
September 9 – Turkish forces pursuing withdrawing Greek troops enterİzmir, effectively ending theGreco-Turkish War (1919–1922).
September 11
- The Sun News-Pictorial, a predecessor of theMelbourne, Australia,Herald Sun, is founded.
- TheMandate of Palestine is approved by the Council of theLeague of Nations.
September 13 – TheGdynia Seaport Construction Act is passed by thePolish Parliament.
September 13–15 – TheGreat Fire of Smyrna destroys most ofİzmir. Responsibility is disputed.^[25]
September 17 – Dutch cyclistPiet Moeskops becomes world champion sprinter.
September 18 – TheKingdom of Hungary joins theLeague of Nations.
September 24 - TheLatvia national football team andEstonia national football team played their first official international match.^[26]
September 24 (O. S. September 11) –11 September 1922 Revolution inGreece.
September 29 –Drums in the Night (Trommeln in der Nacht) becomes the first play byBertolt Brecht to be staged, at theMunich Kammerspiele.

October

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Main article:October 1922

Benito Mussolini andFascist Blackshirts during theMarch on Rome.

October – 3,000 German marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar – triple the figure three months ago due to hyperinflation.
October 1 –G. I. Gurdjieff opens his Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man atFontainebleau, France.
October 3 –Rebecca Latimer Felton becomes the first female U.S. senator when Georgia's governor gives her a temporary appointment pending an election to replace Senator Thomas Watson, who has died suddenly.
October 11 –Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922 ends inTurkish victory.
October 15 –T. S. Eliot establishesThe Criterion magazine, containing the first publication of his poemThe Waste Land. This first appears in the United States later this month inThe Dial (dated November 1), and is first published complete with notes in book form, by Boni and Liveright in New York inDecember.
October 18 – TheBritish Broadcasting Company is formed.^[7]^{[page needed]}
October 25 – TheThird Dáil enacts theConstitution of the Irish Free State.
October 27 –Southern Rhodesians reject union with South Africa in areferendum.
October 28
- In Italy, theMarch on Rome brings theNational Fascist Party andBenito Mussolini to power.Italy begins a period of dictatorship that lasts until the end of theSecond World War.
- TheRed Army occupiesVladivostok.
- Rose Bowl sports stadium officially opens inPasadena, California.^[27]^[28]
October 31 –Benito Mussolini, 39, becomes the youngest everPrime Minister of Italy.

November

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Main article:November 1922

November 1
- TheOttoman Empire is abolished after 600 years, and its lastsultan,Mehmed VI, abdicates, leaving for exile, initially inMalta, on November 17.
- Abroadcast receiving licence with a fee of tenshillings is introduced in the United Kingdom.
November 4 –Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun: inEgypt, English archaeologistHoward Carter and his men find the entrance to the pharaonictomb of Tutankhamun in theValley of the Kings.^[1]
November 12 –Sigma Gamma Rho (ΣΓΡ) Sorority, Incorporated is founded by seven educators inIndianapolis,Indiana. The group becomes an incorporated national collegiate sorority onDecember 30,1929, when a charter is granted to the Alpha chapter atButler University in Indianapolis.
November 14 – TheBritish Broadcasting Company (BBC) begins radio service in the United Kingdom, broadcasting from station2LO in London.
November 15
- In the1922 United Kingdom general election forced by the Conservatives' withdrawal from the coalition government, theConservative Party wins an overall majority.Labour for the first time becomes the main opposition party, winning more seats than the divided Liberals. A dining club of newly elected Conservative Members of Parliament evolves the following year into the1922 Committee.
- 1922 Guayaquil general strike: During a 3-daystrike action in the city ofGuayaquil,Ecuador, police and military fire into a crowd, killing at least 300.
November 19 –Abdülmecid II,Crown Prince of theOttoman Empire, is electedCaliph.
November 21 –Rebecca Felton ofGeorgia takes the oath of office, formally becoming the first womanUnited States Senator.
November 24 – Popular author and anti-TreatyRepublican Erskine Childers is executed by firing squad in Dublin, after conviction by anIrish Free State military court for the unlawful possession of a gun, a weapon presented to him byMichael Collins in 1920 as a gift.^[29]^{[page needed]}

Howard Carter in King Tutankhamun's tomb

November 26 –Howard Carter andLord Carnarvon become the first people to see insideKV62, the tomb ofPharaoh Tutankhamun, in over 3,000 years.

December

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Main article:December 1922

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is created. (Coat of arms until 1936).

December 5 – The British Parliament enacts the Irish Free State Constitution Act, by which it legally sanctions the newConstitution of the Irish Free State.
December 6 – TheIrish Free State officially comes into existence.^[1]George V becomes theFree State's monarch.Tim Healy is appointed firstGovernor-General of the Irish Free State, andW. T. Cosgrave becomesPresident of the Executive Council.
December 9 –Gabriel Narutowicz is elected the first president of Poland.
December 11 – The trial ofEdith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters ends at theOld Bailey in London, for the murder of Thompson's husband; both are found guilty and sentenced to hang.
December 16 –Gabriel Narutowicz, sworn onDecember 11 as first president of theSecond Polish Republic, is assassinated by a right-wing sympathizer in Warsaw.
December 20 –Antigone byJean Cocteau appears on stage in Paris, with settings byPablo Picasso, music byArthur Honegger and costumes byCoco Chanel.^[30]
December 27 –Japanese aircraft carrierHōshō becomes the first purpose-designedaircraft carrier to becommissioned.
December 30 –Russia,Ukraine,Belarus and theTranscaucasian Republic (Armenia,Azerbaijan andGeorgia)come together to form theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics.
December – The year ends with hyperinflation showing no sign of slowing down in Germany, with 7,000 marks now needed to buy a single American dollar.^[31]

Date unknown

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Wracked by rapid inflation and political assassinations, and motivated by hostility and arrogance as well, theWeimar Republic announces its inability to pay more, and proposes a moratorium on reparations for 3 years.
Kurd Istigdul Djemijetin, the Kurdish Independence Committee, is founded.
TheInter-Parliamentary Union is established.
L'Action sénégalaise weekly newspaper is founded inSenegal.^[32]
Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, designs and makes rodeo's first hornless bronc saddle atLethbridge,Alberta, Canada.
Vegemite is invented by Australian entrepreneurFred Walker.
TheBarbary lion becomes extinct in the wild, with the last killed inMorocco, in the area of the Zelan and Beni Mguild Forests.^[33]
TheAmur tiger becomes extinct inSouth Korea.^[34]
During hisfirst rebellion,Simko Shikak launched anattack on Mahabad in mid-May and July. In the ensuing fighting,Simko's forces capturedMahabad and killed a Persian commander.

Births

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Births
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