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1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries

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1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries

← 1916

March 9 to June 5, 1920

1924 →

1,097 delegates to theDemocratic National Convention
732 (two-thirds) votes needed to win


Candidate	A. Mitchell Palmer	James M. Cox	William G. McAdoo
Home state	Pennsylvania	Ohio	California
Delegate count	104 (256)	74 (134)	10 (266)
Contests won	2	2	1
Popular vote	140,010	86,194	74,987
Percentage	19.32%	11.89%	10.35%


Candidate	James Watson Gerard	Robert Latham Owen	Edward I. Edwards
Home state	New York	Oklahoma	New Jersey
Contests won	2	2	1

First place by popular vote^[a]

First place by convention roll call^[b]

McAdoo Palmer Cox Gerard
Owen Edwards Uncommitted Various^[b]^[a]

Previous Democratic nominee

Woodrow Wilson

Democratic nominee

James M. Cox

From March 9 to June 5, 1920, voters of theDemocratic Party elected delegates to the1920 Democratic National Convention, for the purposing of choosing a nominee forpresident in the1920 United States presidential election.^[1]

The race for delegates was made under a cloud of uncertainty because the party's two leading names, PresidentWoodrow Wilson and three-time nomineeWilliam Jennings Bryan, withheld their intentions; both men privately hoped for the nomination, but neither's name was formally submitted before the voters or the convention as a candidate.

The delegate elections were inconclusive, with Attorney GeneralA. Mitchell Palmer, Treasury SecretaryWilliam Gibbs McAdoo, and Ohio governorJames A. Cox leading the candidate field. With no clear front-runner, many states withheld their delegates from any one candidate, instead sending an uncommitted slate of delegates or preferring to back afavorite son on the first ballot. At the convention, Cox was ultimately nominated on the forty-fourth ballot.

Candidates

[edit]

GovernorJames M. Cox of Ohio
Former United States Ambassador to GermanyJames Watson Gerard of New York
GovernorEdward I. Edwards ofNew Jersey
Attorney General of the U.S.A. Mitchell Palmer from Pennsylvania
Former United States Secretary of the TreasuryWilliam Gibbs McAdoo from California
SenatorRobert Latham Owen of Oklahoma

Not placed in nomination

[edit]

Former United States Secretary of StateWilliam Jennings Bryan ofNebraska
House Minority LeaderChamp Clark ofMissouri
President of the United StatesWoodrow Wilson ofNew Jersey

Favorite candidates

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United States Secretary of AgricultureEdwin T. Meredith of Iowa
SenatorCarter Glass ofVirginia
GovernorAl Smith of New York
United States SenatorGilbert Hitchcock ofNebraska
United States Ambassador to the United KingdomJohn W. Davis of West Virginia
United States SenatorJohn Sharp Williams of Mississippi
Party ChairmanHomer Stille Cummings of Connecticut
SenatorFurnifold Simmons of North Carolina
Vice President of the United StatesThomas R. Marshall of Indiana

Primary and caucus results

[edit]


Democratic Presidential Nominating State Conventions and Primaries
Date	State	Contest Type	Candidate	Votes Won (#)	Votes Won (%)	Delegates Won	Reference(s)
March 9	New Hampshire	Primary (8 of 8 delegates)	Uninstructed	7,103	100 / 100	8 / 8
March 16	North Dakota	Primary (10 of 10 delegates)	William Jennings Bryan	340 (W)	87.40 / 100
			William Gibbs McAdoo	49 (W)	12.60 / 100
			Uninstructed			10 / 10
March 23	South Dakota	Primary (10 of 10 delegates)	James W. Gerard	2,530	38.26 / 100	10 / 10
			Scattering	2,162	32.70 / 100
			James O. Monroe	1,920	29.04 / 100
April 5	Michigan	Primary (0 of 30 delegates)	Herbert Hoover	24,006 (W)	27.17 / 100
			William Gibbs McAdoo	18,665 (W)	21.09 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	17,954 (W)	20.29 / 100
			Edward I. Edwards	16,642 (W)	18.81 / 100
			Alexander Mitchell Palmer	11,187 (W)	12.64 / 100
April 6	New York	Primary (90 of 90 delegates)	Uninstructed	113,300	100 / 100	90 / 90
	Wisconsin	Primary (26 of 26 delegates)	Scattering	3,391	97.81 / 100		^[2]
			James M. Cox	76 (W)	2.19 / 100
			Uninstructed			26 / 26
April 13	Illinois	Primary (50 of 58 delegates)	Edward I. Edwards	6,933 (W)	32.31 / 100		^[2]
			Scattering	6,931 (W)	32.31 / 100
			William Gibbs McAdoo	3,838 (W)	17.89 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	1,968 (W)	9.17 / 100
			Woodrow Wilson	931 (W)	4.34 / 100
			Champ Clark	548 (W)	2.55 / 100
			James M. Cox	266 (W)	1.24 / 100
			James Hamilton Lewis	40 (W)	0.19 / 100
			Uninstructed			50 / 50
April 20	Georgia	Primary (0 of 28 delegates)	Thomas E. Watson	51,974	35.60 / 100		^[3]^[4]
			Alexander Mitchell Palmer	48,460^[c]	33.19 / 100
			Michael Hoke Smith	45,568	31.21 / 100
	Nebraska	Primary (16 of 16 delegates)	Gilbert Hitchcock	37,452	67.26 / 100	16 / 16
			Robert G. Ross	13,179	23.67 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	3,466 (W)	6.23 / 100
			Scattering	1,585 (W)	2.85 / 100
April 23	Montana	Primary (8 of 8 delegates)	Scattering^[d]	2,994	100 / 100		^[2]
April 23	Montana	Primary (8 of 8 delegates)	Uninstructed			8 / 8	^[2]
April 27	Massachusetts	Primary (36 of 36 delegates)	Uninstructed	28,261	100 / 100	36 / 36
	New Jersey	Primary (28 of 28 delegates)	Edward I. Edwards	4,163	88.54 / 100	28 / 28
			William Gibbs McAdoo	180 (W)	3.83 / 100
			Woodrow Wilson	149 (W)	3.17 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	64 (W)	1.36 / 100
			Herbert Hoover	64 (W)	1.36 / 100
			Hiram Johnson	55 (W)	1.17 / 100
			Scattering	27 (W)	0.57 / 100
	Ohio	Primary (48 of 48 delegates)	James M. Cox	85,838	97.79 / 100	48 / 48
			William Jennings Bryan	971 (W)	1.11 / 100
			Scattering	394 (W)	0.45 / 100
			William Gibbs McAdoo	292 (W)	0.33 / 100
			Herbert Hoover	282 (W)	0.32 / 100
April 28	Alaska	Primary (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
May 4	California	Primary (26 of 26 delegates)	Uninstructed	23,861	100 / 100	26 / 26
May 10	Alabama	Primary (24 of 24 delegates)	Uninstructed			24 / 24	^[2]
May 18	Pennsylvania	Primary (76 of 76 delegates)	Alexander Mitchell Palmer	80,356	73.70 / 100	76 / 76
			William Gibbs McAdoo	26,875	24.65 / 100
			Scattering	718 (W)	0.66 / 100
			Edward I. Edwards	674 (W)	0.62 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	285 (W)	0.26 / 100
			Woodrow Wilson	129 (W)	0.12 / 100
	Vermont	Primary (0 of 8 delegates)	William Gibbs McAdoo	137 (W)	33.83 / 100
			Woodrow Wilson	68 (W)	16.79 / 100
			Edward I. Edwards	58 (W)	14.32 / 100
			Herbert Hoover	39 (W)	9.63 / 100
			William Jennings Bryan	26 (W)	6.42 / 100
			Hiram Johnson	18 (W)	4.44 / 100
			Champ Clark	16 (W)	3.95 / 100
			James M. Cox	14 (W)	3.46 / 100
			Eugene V. Debs	8 (W)	1.93 / 100
			Henry Ford	7 (W)	1.73 / 100
			Thomas R. Marshall	7 (W)	1.73 / 100
			Alexander Mitchell Palmer	7 (W)	1.73 / 100
May 21	Oregon	Primary (10 of 10 delegates)	William Gibbs McAdoo	24,951	98.57 / 100	10 / 10
May 21	Oregon	Primary (10 of 10 delegates)	Scattering	361 (W)	1.43 / 100
May 22	Hawaii	Primary (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
May 25	Texas	Primary (40 of 40 delegates)	Uninstructed			40 / 40	^[2]
May 25	West Virginia	Primary (16 of 16 delegates)	Uninstructed			16 / 16	^[2]
June 8	Florida	Primary (12 of 12 delegates)	Uninstructed			12 / 12	^[2]
June 10	Washington, D.C.	Primary (11 of 11 delegates)	Uninstructed			11 / 11	^[2]

Delegates not selected in primaries

[edit]

Many delegations were not selected in public primaries. The following table shows delegates awarded at a state level by convention, committees, and other means.

Delegates not awarded via primaries
Other delegate allocation
Date	State	Contest Type	Candidate	Votes Won (#)	Votes Won (%)	Delegates Won	Reference(s)
February 5	Oklahoma	Convention (20 of 20 delegates)	Robert Latham Owen			20 / 20	^[2]
February 27	Arizona	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
February 28	Iowa	Convention (26 of 26 delegates)	Uninstructed (Later SupportedEdwin T. Meredith)			26 / 26	^[2]
March 9	Nevada	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
April 6	Minnesota	Convention (24 of 24 delegates)	Uninstructed			24 / 24	^[2]
April 6	Philippines	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
April 8	North Carolina	Convention (24 of 24 delegates)	Furnifold McLendel Simmons			24 / 24	^[2]
April 10	Puerto Rico	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
May 3	Maryland	Convention (16 of 16 delegates)	Uninstructed			16 / 16	^[2]
May 4	Kentucky	Convention (26 of 26 delegates)	James M. Cox			26 / 26	^[2]
May 6	Connecticut	Convention (14 of 14 delegates)	Uninstructed			14 / 14	^[2]
May 6	Rhode Island	Convention (10 of 10 delegates)	Uninstructed			10 / 10	^[2]
May 10	Illinois	Convention (8 of 50 delegates)	Uninstructed			8 / 8	^[2]
	Michigan	Convention (30 of 30 delegates)	Uninstructed			30 / 30	^[2]
	Wyoming	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
April 22	Missouri	Convention (36 of 36 delegates)	Uninstructed			36 / 36	^[2]
April 23	Kansas	Convention (20 of 20 delegates)	Uninstructed			20 / 20	^[2]
May 17	Colorado	Convention (12 of 12 delegates)	Uninstructed			12 / 12	^[2]
May 17	Washington	Convention (14 of 14 delegates)	Uninstructed			14 / 14	^[2]
May 18	Georgia	Convention (28 of 28 delegates)	Alexander Mitchell Palmer			28 / 28	^[2]
May 19	Virginia	Convention (24 of 24 delegates)	Carter Glass			24 / 24	^[2]
May 20	Indiana	Convention (30 of 30 delegates)	Uninstructed			30 / 30	^[2]
May 25	Delaware	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			30 / 30	^[2]
May 26	South Carolina	Convention (18 of 18 delegates)	Uninstructed			18 / 18	^[2]
June 1	Indiana	State Committee (18 of 18 delegates)	Uninstructed			18 / 18	^[2]
June 2	Vermont	Convention (8 of 8 delegates)	Uninstructed			8 / 8	^[2]
June 3	Louisiana	Convention (20 of 20 delegates)	Uninstructed			20 / 20	^[2]
June 3	New Mexico	Convention (6 of 6 delegates)	Uninstructed			6 / 6	^[2]
June 8	Tennessee	Convention (24 of 24 delegates)	Uninstructed			24 / 24	^[2]
June 12	Utah	Convention (8 of 8 delegates)	Uninstructed			8 / 8	^[2]
June 15	Idaho	Convention (8 of 8 delegates)	Uninstructed			8 / 8	^[2]
June 16	Mississippi	Convention (20 of 20 delegates)	Uninstructed			20 / 20	^[2]

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^bFavorite sonsGilbert Hitchcock andThomas E. Watson won the Nebraska and Georgia primary votes, respectively.William Jennings Bryan won North Dakota andHerbert Hoover won Michigan. Massachusetts elected a slate of uncommitted delegates.
^^a ^bFavorite sons received the support of the delegations of Nebraska (Gilbert Hitchcock), West Virginia (John W. Davis), Virginia (Carter Glass), New York (Al Smith), Mississippi (John Sharp Williams), Connecticut (Homer Stille Cummings), North Carolina (Furnifold Simmons), Iowa (Edwin T. Meredith), and Indiana(Thomas R. Marshall). Former Speaker of the HouseChamp Clark won the Louisiana delegation.
^Delegates to the State Convention which officially chose delegates and their instruction were based not on the popular vote, but based on their performance under thecounty unit system. Palmer came second state-wide, but won the most unit votes. Despite attempts by Watson and some Smith supporters to send an uninstructed delegation to the National Convention, it was the delegation pledged to Palmer that was seated by the credentials committee.
^No candidate technically filed for the Montana Democratic Presidential Primary.

References

[edit]

^Kalb, Deborah (February 19, 2016).Guide to U.S. Elections – Google Books.ISBN 9781483380353. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2016.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap"Democratic National Convention, 1920".The New York Times. June 20, 1920.
^"PALMER TO LEAD BY 12 IN GEORGIA CONVENTION; Controversy Is On as to Whether or Not He Can Control National Delegates".The New York Times. April 23, 1920.
^"SEAT REFUSED REED IN BITTER CONTEST; Credentials Committee Seats Delegates from Georgia Pledged to Palmer. GAINS FOR ADMINISTRATION National Committee Overruled in Oregon Decision Giving Two Delegates Half Vote Each".The New York Times. June 29, 1920.

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v t e (1919←) 1920 United States elections (→1921)
President	1920 United States presidential election Democratic primaries Republican primaries Democratic convention Republican convention
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(← 1916)1920 United States presidential election (→ 1924)

Republican Party
(Convention)

Nominees	President:Warren G. Harding Vice President:Calvin Coolidge
Other candidates	Leonard Wood Frank Orren Lowden Hiram Johnson William Cameron Sproul Nicholas Murray Butler Calvin Coolidge Robert M. La Follette Jeter C. Pritchard Miles Poindexter Howard Sutherland Herbert Hoover

Democratic Party
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Nominees	President:James M. Cox Vice President:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Other candidates	William Gibbs McAdoo A. Mitchell Palmer Al Smith John W. Davis Edward I. Edwards Woodrow Wilson (incumbent) Robert L. Owen

Third party andindependent candidates
Socialist Party	Nominee:Eugene V. Debs VP nominee:Seymour Stedman
Farmer–Labor Party	Nominee:Parley P. Christensen VP nominee:Max S. Hayes
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American Party	Nominee:James E. Ferguson VP nominee:William J. Hough
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