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All 170 seats in theConstituent Assembly 86 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 84.49% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results of the election, showing seats won by constituency. Constituencies are shaded according to the first-place party. Representatives were appointed in crosshatched regions (South Tyrol andLower Styria) where elections did not take place. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Austria |
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Constituent Assembly elections were held inAustria on 16 February 1919.[1]
TheSocial Democratic Workers' Party emerged as the largest party, winning 72 of the 170 seats.[2] The party was largely supported by the working class, whilst farmers and the middle class voted mainly for the anti-AnschlussChristian Social Party.[3] Voter turnout was 84.4%. As Czechoslovakia prevented their eligible population from participating in the election, andItaly andYugoslavia had gained control ofSouth Tyrol (as a result of the1915 Treaty of London) andLower Styria (followingborder conflicts), respectively, voting only was held in small parts of those eligible territories, and representatives were instead appointed in proportion to parties' total overall vote share.
The first meeting of the assembly was on 4 March 1919. TheSudeten German Social Democrats organised a series of demonstrations in support of their right ofself-determination. Across seven cities 54 persons were killed and another 84 wounded by the Czech military and police.[4]
The members of theConstituent National Assembly were elected in multi-member constituencies having between four and nine seats each byproportional representation. The smallest constituency was originally set to elect three seats, but did not do so due to Yugoslavia having gained control of most of Lower Styria.
This election was the first election in which all women were allowed to vote.[5]German citizens living in Austria, Lower Styria, and South Tyrol andSudeten Germans living in the newly-formedCzechoslovakia were also allowed to vote in the elections, despite Czechoslovak objections.Austrian citizens living in Germany were also allowed to vote in theelections for theWeimar National Assembly in the same year.[6]
The two main parties, the SDAPÖ and the CS, formed a coalition government after the elections. Although it had broken up by mid-1920, it was followed for a short time by a transitional coalition of SDAPÖ, CS, and theGreater German People's Party, a successor of theGerman People's Party following a merger with the Greater German Union. Ultimately,a new constitution was agreed on 1 October 1920.[3]Fresh elections were held on 17 October.
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| Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats | |||
| Social Democratic Workers' Party | 1,211,393 | 40.76 | 72 | |||
| Christian Social Party and allies | Christian Social Party | 687,465 | 23.13 | 47 | ||
| Lower Austrian Farmers' Union | 222,304 | 7.48 | 12 | |||
| Christian Social Citizens' and Workers' Party | 62,099 | 2.09 | 0 | |||
| Tyrolean Farmers' Association | 50,361 | 1.69 | 3 | |||
| Tyrolean People's Club | 46,030 | 1.55 | 7 | |||
| Total | 1,068,259 | 35.94 | 69 | |||
| German-National parties | German-National Party | 174,738 | 5.88 | 8 | ||
| German Democrats | 64,073 | 2.16 | 3 | |||
| German People's Party | 59,919 | 2.02 | 2 | |||
| German Freedom and Order Party | 56,306 | 1.89 | 5 | |||
| Styrian Farmers' Party | 47,021 | 1.58 | 3 | |||
| National Democrats | 46,507 | 1.56 | 0 | |||
| Carinthian Farmers' Association | 33,496 | 1.13 | 2 | |||
| National Socialist Workers' Party | 23,252 | 0.78 | 0 | |||
| German Peoples' Election Committee | 15,430 | 0.52 | 1 | |||
| Democratic Association of Cities | 12,336 | 0.42 | 1 | |||
| Free Salzburg Farmers' League | 8,507 | 0.29 | 1 | |||
| Democratic Economic Party | 3,828 | 0.13 | 0 | |||
| German-Austrian People's Party | 1,645 | 0.06 | 0 | |||
| Total | 547,058 | 18.41 | 26 | |||
| Democratic parties | Centrist Democrats | 48,995 | 1.65 | 1 | ||
| Democratic Party | 15,053 | 0.51 | 0 | |||
| Democratic Middle-Class Party | 5,960 | 0.20 | 0 | |||
| Economic People's Party | 411 | 0.01 | 0 | |||
| Total | 70,419 | 2.37 | 1 | |||
| United Czechoslovak Parties | 67,396 | 2.27 | 1 | |||
| Jewish National Party | 7,770 | 0.26 | 1 | |||
| Total | 2,972,295 | 100.00 | 170 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,972,295 | 99.16 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 25,239 | 0.84 | ||||
| Total votes | 2,997,534 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,547,742 | 84.49 | ||||
| Source: Government of Austria[7] | ||||||
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