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| Cumberland vs. Georgia Tech, 1916 | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Date | October 7, 1916 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Season | 1916 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stadium | Grant Field | ||||||||||||||||||
| Location | Atlanta | ||||||||||||||||||
The1916 Cumberland vs. Georgia Tech football game was played on October 7, 1916, between theCumberland College Bulldogs and theGeorgia Tech Yellow Jackets on the Yellow Jackets' home field ofGrant Field inAtlanta. Georgia Tech defeated the Bulldogs 222–0 for the most lopsided score in the history ofcollege football.[1][2]
Cumberland had disbanded its football program the previous year but was still obligated to play this game against Georgia Tech. The Yellow Jackets'head coach,John Heisman, had been the coach of Georgia Tech's baseball team when it was defeated 22–0 by the Bulldogs earlier in 1916, and was looking to avenge that game. Heisman insisted that the Bulldogs fulfill their obligations to play the game and threatened legal action if Cumberland backed out. Cumberland taskedGeorge E. Allen, its baseball captain, to assemble a football team for the game; he recruited hisfraternity brothers and students from Cumberland'slaw school to play in Atlanta.
Cumberland failed to achieve a singlefirst down in the entirety of the match. The game's infamous score can be partially attributed to 97 percent of the game's plays occurring in Cumberland territory, with 64 of those plays occurring in itsred zone. Georgia Tech, instigated by Heisman, scored on every first down it gained. The imbalance of the teams was so severe that the final two quarters were shortened from their customary 15 minutes to 12 minutes.
This would be the last matchup of any sport between the two schools; Cumberland deemphasized athletics in favor of academic pursuits, while Georgia Tech has continued to compete at the highest level of college sports. CurrentNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules preclude a rematch of this game. In modern times, it is generally seen as risky to player health andunsportsmanlike to deliberatelyrun up the score to such high numbers, meaning thatcollege football games of 100 points or more have been infrequent since the 1940s.
Cumberland College, a Presbyterian school inLebanon, Tennessee, had discontinued its football program before the season but was not allowed to cancel its game against the Yellow Jackets.[1][2] The fact that Cumberland's baseball team had crushed Georgia Tech earlier that year 22–0 (amidst allegations that Cumberland used professionals asringers) probably accounted for Georgia Tech coachJohn Heisman'srunning up the score on the Bulldogs, as Heisman was also Georgia Tech's baseball coach.[1][2] It is speculated that Heisman may have deliberately aimed for a score of exactly 222 as a numerically significant retaliation to Cumberland's 22.[3] He insisted on the schools' scheduling agreement, which required Cumberland to pay $3,000 (equivalent to $87,000 in 2024) to Tech if its football team failed to show.[1][2] In fact, Heisman actually paid Cumberland $500 (equivalent to $14,400 in 2024) as an incentive to play the game; his letter to Cumberland's athletic department read in part:
I hereby offer you the sum of $500 and an all-expenses-paid trip to Atlanta for your football team on the condition that you honor your contract by participating in and completing the Cumberland-Georgia Tech football game ... However, if this offer is refused ... I shall be forced to demand that your school reimburse the Tech Athletic Dept. in the amount of $3,000 for losses from the projected net gate receipts ...[4]
George E. Allen (who was elected to serve as Cumberland's football team student manager after first serving as the baseball team student manager) therefore put together ascrub team of 12–16 players,[a] most of whom were his fraternity brothers or law students, to travel toAtlanta as Cumberland's football team.[2]
Another reason for Heisman's plan to run up the score was the practice among the sportswriters of the time to rank teams based upon how many points they scored. Since this statistic did not account for the strength or weakness of a team's opponent, Heisman disagreed with the amount of weight the writers tended to assign to it, and he may have unleashed his players on Cumberland to make his point.[5]
Cumberland received the openingkickoff and failed to make afirst down. After apunt, the Yellow Jackets scored on their first play.[1][6] Cumberland thenfumbled on their next play from theline of scrimmage, and a Georgia Tech player returned the fumble for atouchdown.[1][6] The Bulldogs fumbled again on their next play, and it took Georgia Tech tworushes to score its third touchdown.[1][6] Cumberland lost nine yards on its next possession, and Georgia Tech scored a fourth touchdown on another two-play drive.[2][6]
Georgia Tech led 63–0 after the first quarter and 126–0 athalftime. Georgia Tech added 54 more points in the third quarter and 42 in the final period.[2][6] Several players on the heavily-outmatched Cumberland side suffered serious injuries during the game, including quarterback Charles Edwards, who was thrice carted off with concussions.
Georgia Tech scored a total of 32 touchdowns, and Georgia Tech's left end James Preas kicked 18extra points.[7] Cumberland's only effective defense was an extra point blocked with a sort ofhuman pyramid known as the "climb-the-ladder" play, topped with Vichy Woods, who suffered a gruesome facial injury on the play.[2] Despite scoring 32 touchdowns, the Yellow Jackets did not complete or attempt aforward pass; all their yardage came on rushes, returns or defensive plays.
Several myths have developed around the game. Some have written that Cumberland did not have a single play that gained yards; in fact, its longest play was a 10-yard pass (on 4th-and-22[1][2] or 3rd-and-18[6]). The Bulldogs gained positive yardage on at least six plays, though they fumbled on two of them. One page on Cumberland's website says Georgia Tech scored on every offensive play, but the play-by-play account of the game refutes this and suggests a more likely scenario: that Georgia Tech scored on every one of its sets of downs. Cumberland made no first downs in the entire game.[6]
Cumberland purportedly committed 15turnovers—nine fumbles and sixinterceptions—during the game.
As a general rule, the only thing necessary for a touchdown was to give a Tech back the ball and holler, ‘Here he comes’ and ‘There he goes.’
— The Atlanta Journal, 1916
SportswriterGrantland Rice wrote, "Cumberland's greatest individual play of the game occurred when fullback Allen circled right end for a 6-yard loss."[4][8] At halftime, Heisman reportedly told his players, "You're doing all right, team, we're ahead. But you just can't tell what those Cumberland players have up their sleeves. They may spring a surprise. Be alert, men! Hit 'em clean, but hit 'em hard!"[8][9] However, even Heisman relented, and shortened the third and fourth quarters from 15 minutes to 12.[9]
| Team | Rushing | Passing | Kicking | |||||||
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| Att | Yards | TD | Fumb Lost | Comp–Att | Yards | TD | Int | FGM–FGA | XPM–XPA | |
| Cumberland | 27 | −42 | 0 | 9 | 2–18 | 14 | 0 | 6 | 0–0 | 0–0 |
| Georgia Tech | 26 | 922 | 32 | 0 | 0–0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0–0 | 30–32 |
| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumberland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Georgia Tech | 63 | 63 | 54 | 42 | 222 |
| Game information | ||
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The previous records for highest score in a football game had been set in 1913: 159–0, won by Newberry against BMI, and 144–0, won by theFlorida Gators againstFlorida Southern. In the preceding 45 years of college football, only 36 games had exceeded 100 points, and only seven of those were against teams also from a college.[6]
Since World War II, only ahandful of schools have topped 100 points in a college football game. The modern-era record for most points scored against a college opponent is 106 byFort Valley State ofGeorgia againstKnoxville College in 1969. In the previous yearHouston defeatedTulsa 100–6 to set theNCAA record in major college football. In 1949 theUniversity of Wyoming defeatedUniversity of Northern Colorado 103–0. The Division III football scoring record was set in 1968 whenNorth Park University defeatedNorth Central College 104–32, using ten passing touchdowns along the way.[10]
Georgia Tech's defeat of Cumberland College was so lopsided that their halftime score of 126–0 still holds significance. Had the game ended at halftime as a game today, it would still have ranked as the highest-scoring collegiate football game sinceWest Liberty State defeatedCedarville 137–0 on November 19, 1932. In modern times, the last instance of a team almost scoring Georgia Tech's halftime total in a full game occurred on October 22, 1949, whenConnecticut defeatedNewport NTS 125–0.
The game ball had the score written on it as a memento. It was donated to theHelms Athletic Foundation sports museum by Bill Schroeder, an avid sports collector. When the museum moved in the 1980s, the ball was boxed and remained in storage. In 2014, Ryan Schneider, a Georgia Tech alumnus, purchased the ball in a charity auction for $40,388 ($33,657 withoutbuyer's premium) with the intention of donating it back to Georgia Tech.[11]
In October 1956, a 40th reunion was held for players from both teams, of whom 28 attended.[9] While reminiscing, one of the Cumberland players pointed out one play that saved Cumberland from an even worse defeat; had Cumberland punted as normal instead of running asneak, the score would probably have been 229–0.[9]
While Cumberland's football team would eventually be restarted full-time (and change its nickname to thePhoenix in 2016), the two schools have not met in any sports since: Cumberland would eventually de-emphasize athletics, and currently competes in theNAIA, while Georgia Tech would go on to be a founding member of theSoutheastern Conference before departing the SEC in 1964, and is currently a member of theAtlantic Coast Conference.
In any case, currentNCAA rules only allowDivision III schools to compete against NAIA schools.
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