1910–11 United States Senate elections

← 1908 & 1909 January 18, 1910 – July 12, 1911 1912 & 1913 →
36 of the 92 seats in theUnited States Senate 47 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Shelby Moore Cullom[a] (retired) Thomas S. Martin[b] Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1909 Leader's seat Illinois Virginia Seats before 59 33 Seats won 15 13 Seats after 50 42 Seat change 9 9 Seats up 25 11
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain     Democratic hold      Republican gain     Republican hold
Majority conference chairman before election Eugene Hale Republican ElectedMajority conference chairman Shelby Moore Cullom Republican

The1910–11 United States Senate election were held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were primarily chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1910 and 1911, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.^[1] However, some states had already begun direct elections during this time.Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after,Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party'sprimary or in conjunction with ageneral election.

In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 1. In conjunction withwinning control of the House of Representatives for the first time since the1892 elections, Democrats flipped 9 Senate seats. This was not enough to flip the Senate, but significantly narrowed the margin of Republican control.

In New York and Florida, the legislature failed to elect until after the beginning of the62nd Congress on March 4. Special elections were held in six states: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota, and West Virginia.

Senate party division, 62nd Congress (1911–1913):

• Majority party:Republican (50 seats)
• Minority party:Democratic (40 seats)
• Other parties: 0
• Vacant: 2
• Total seats: 92

Four seats were added in early 1912 for new states: Arizona (which elected 2 Democrats) and New Mexico (which elected 2 Republicans).

At the beginning of 1910.

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1910 or in 1911 before March 4; ordered by election date.

In this election, the winner were seated in the 63rd Congress, starting March 4, 1913.

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1911; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1911 after March 4; ordered by date.

DemocratJohn H. Bankhead was re-elected early January 17, 1911^[7] for the 1913 term.

Incumbent SenatorFrank P. Flint, who had beenelected in 1905, retired. RepublicanJohn D. Works received a plurality of votes cast at a Republican state primary. RepublicanA. G. Spalding, however, carried a majority of the legislative districts represented by Republicans.^[7] In the legislature, Works was elected January 10, 1911, with 92 votes over Spalding's 21 votes, and a scattering of votes for various Democrats.^[8][7]

Republican incumbentMorgan Bulkeley, who had been electedin 1905, lost renomination in a Republican legislative caucus 113–64 toGeorge P. McLean.

McLean was then elected January 17, 1911, with 177 votes to DemocratHomer Stille Cummings's 110 votes.^[8][7]

First-term RepublicanHenry A. du Pont was re-elected January 25, 1911.^[9] He beat DemocratWillard Saulsbury Jr..

Saulsbury would beelected in 1913 to the other Delaware senate seat. Du Pont wouldlose re-election in 1916, the first popular Senate election in Delaware.

In June 1910, incumbent DemocratJames Taliaferro lost a non-binding primary to former GovernorNapoleon B. Broward for the term which started on March 4, 1911.^[23] Broward died in October.^[24] In early February 1911,Nathan P. Bryan won a non-binding primary for the seat, defeating William A. Blount 19,991 to 19,381.^[25] The governor then appointed Bryan to fill the vacancy.^[26]

In April 1911, theFlorida Legislature unanimously elected Bryan to the remainder of the term.^[27]

Three-term DemocratAlexander S. Clay died November 13, 1910, and Democratic former-Governor of GeorgiaJoseph M. Terrell was appointed November 17, 1910, to continue the term, pending a special election.

DemocraticGovernor of GeorgiaM. Hoke Smith won the July 12, 1911, special election to finish the term that would end in 1915.

Smith had just begun his gubernatorial term July 1, 1911, when he was elected to the Senate. Although formally elected and qualified, Smith chose not to take office until November 16, 1911, so he could continue being Governor of Georgia.^[28]

Smith would later bere-elected in 1914 and would serve through 1921.

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1910 United States Senate election in Maryland

← 1904 February 1, 1910 1913 →
80 members of theMaryland General Assembly
Candidate Isidor Rayner Party Democratic Legislative vote 80 Percentage 70.49%

Isidor Rayner won election by an unknown margin for the Class 1 seat.^[29]

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Three-term DemocratHernando Money retired from the class 1 seat. In 1908 theMississippi legislature had already unanimously elected Democratic congressmanJohn Sharp Williams early for the next term.^[15]

Three-term DemocratAnselm J. McLaurin died December 22, 1909, and DemocratJames Gordon was appointed December 27, 1909, to continue the term pending a special election, in which he was not a candidate. The day after his appointment to the class 2 seat, he was identified as a former fugitive who had been sought as a suspect in the conspiracy to assassinate PresidentAbraham Lincoln. Gordon was listed in 1865 by the United States government as a fugitive, and a reward of $10,000 had been offered for his capture, dead or alive. Later that year, he was ruled out of the suspects.^[30] Gordon then admitted that he had met withJohn Wilkes Booth inMontreal in March 1865, and had discussed plans to kidnap Lincoln, but denied any discussion of murder.^[31]

A plurality of legislators backed thewhite supremacistJames K. Vardaman, but the fractured remainder sought to thwart his extreme racial policies. A majority united behind Percy to block Vardaman, instead electing DemocratLeRoy Percy February 23, 1910, to finish the term that would end in 1913.^[2]

Percy would later lose renomination in 1912 to the next term.

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DemocratHenry L. Myers was elected on the 80th joint ballot by the Montana state legislature, winning 53 votes to incumbent RepublicanThomas H. Carter's 45. Carter had led on the first ballot with 31 votes to DemocratThomas J. Walsh's 28.

Democratic nomineeGilbert Hitchcock defeated Republican incumbent SenatorElmer Burkett by a very narrow margin of 9.16%.Gilbert Hitchcock was the first Democrat ever to have won a United States Senate seat fromNebraska and he was the first non-Republican to have won a United States Senate seat fromNebraska sinceWilliam Vincent Allen in1893.

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New York election

← 1905 January 17 – March 31, 1911 1916 →
201 members of the New York Assembly 101 votes needed to win
Nominee James A. O'Gorman Chauncey Depew Party Democratic Republican Electoral vote 112 80 Percentage 58.33% 41.67%
U.S. senator before election Chauncey Depew Republican Elected U.S. senator James A. O'Gorman Democratic

Republican incumbentChauncey M. Depew had beenre-elected to this seat in 1905, and his term would expire on March 3, 1911. At theState election in November 1910,John Alden Dix was elected Governor, the first Democrat to hold the position since 1894. Democrats also unexpectedly carried the state legislative elections, and controlled both the Senate and the Assembly. The134th New York State Legislature met from January 4 to October 6, 1911, inAlbany, New York. Democratic Ex-Lieutenant GovernorWilliam F. Sheehan announced his candidacy on December 30, 1910. Before the State election, when a Democratic victory seemed to be improbable, Sheehan had made an agreement withTammany Hall leaderCharles Francis Murphy that the Tammany men would support Sheehan for the U.S. Senate. TheDemocratic caucus met on January 16 and nominated Sheehan overEdward M. Shepard andD. Cady Herrick. TheRepublican caucus met on January 16 and re-nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously.

From January 17 through March 3, the legislature was deadlocked through 39 ballots, with anti-Tammany Democrats led by newly elected State SenatorFranklin Delano Roosevelt refusing to support Sheehan. On March 3, 1911, Depew's term ended.

The deadlock continued over another 19 ballots despite the vacant seat. Democrats then held a new caucus and nominatedJames A. O'Gorman, a justice of theNew York Supreme Court. O'Gorman was elected over Depew on March 31, 1911.

Candidate	Party	64th joint ballot Mar 31
Chauncey M. Depew	Republican	80
YJames A. O'Gorman	Democratic	Y112

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The Pennsylvania election was held January 17, 1911. IncumbentGeorge T. Oliver was re-elected by thePennsylvania General Assembly.^[32]

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• 1910 United States elections
  • 1910 United States House of Representatives elections
• 61st United States Congress
• 62nd United States Congress

• Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.).The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992.United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.).Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office.ISBN 9780160632563 – viaGoogle Books.
• Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007)."Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006".The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project.Wilkes University.
• "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present".United States Senate – via Senate.gov.
• Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1911). "United States Senators Chosen, 1910".The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1911.New York:The Tribune Association. pp. 439–440 – viaHathi Trust Digital Library.
• Rhoades, Henry Eckford; McPherson, Edward; Schem, A. J.; Ottarson, F. J.; Cleveland, John F.; Greeley, Horace (1912). "United States Senators Chosen, 1911".The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1912.New York:The Tribune Association. pp. 455–458.hdl:2027/hvd.32044015182322 – viaHathi Trust Digital Library.

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• 1911 United States Senate elections

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